Natural forces that change the physical makeup of the earth. They can happen very fast or very slow!
The Earth is very old so slow and fast in geology can be different that slow and fast in everyday life.
Slow in geology typically means thousands to millions of years!
Fast or Slow Geological Force?
Is an earthquake splitting open the ground a fast or slow geological force?
It's fast! Earthquakes usually last for a couple minutes but can really change how the land looks!
Is weathering a rock into sand a fast or slow geological force?
It's slow! It may take years and years for wind and water to grind boulder into sand.
The earth’s surface is a result of plate tectonics!
Plate tectonics explains the earth’s outer shell (crust) is composed of various plates that are moving over the mantle layer very slowly.
Earth's current appearance is the result of millions of years of slow shifting of landmasses.
The collision (hitting), separation (pulling apart), and movement of these plates throughout history has resulted in mountains, trenches, and the current continents we see today!
Imagine the planet as a hard boiled egg!
Plate tectonics on an egg would be the pieces of shell gliding across the white part of the egg.
Shell: Tectonic Plates (Crust) White part: Mantle Yellow part: Core
There are 15 major plates, but scientists often disagree since there could be more that we can't see.
We live on the North American plate.
The plates are always moving, and the rate varies.
Some plates move about 1 inch a year, whereas others move over 6 inches a year.