Lesson 15: Understanding and Interpreting Earthquake Hazard Maps

1️⃣ Definition and Causes of Volcanic Hazards

Volcanic hazards are dangerous events caused by volcanic activity. They can occur suddenly or gradually and can threaten human lives, property, and the environment.

Signs of impending eruptions include:

• Increased earthquake activity near the volcano

• Gas emissions, steam, or unusual smell

• Swelling or deformation of the volcanic cone

• Unusual changes in water sources or hot springs

2️⃣ Types of Volcano-Related Hazards 

3️⃣ Effects of Volcanic Hazards

On People:

• Injuries or fatalities from lava, pyroclastic flow, or projectiles

• Respiratory issues from ash and gases

• Displacement due to evacuation
  
  

On Property:

• Homes, schools, and buildings destroyed

• Infrastructure damaged (roads, bridges, power lines)

• Crops and livestock lost
  
  

On Environment:

• Forests and farmlands destroyed

• Rivers blocked by lahar

• Long-term soil and water contamination