Patricia Bath
Born: November 4, 1942
New York City, New York, U.S.
Died: May 30, 2019 (aged 76)
San Francisco, California, U.S.
Citizenship: American
Alma mater:
Occupation:
Ophthalmologist, inventor, humanitarian
Innovator and Inventor of Laserphaco Probe
Patents:
Pat. No. 4,7443,60: Apparatus for ablating and removing cataract lenses, issued 17 May 1988.
Pat. No. 5,843,071: Method and apparatus for ablating and removing cataract lenses, issued 1 December 1998
Pat. No. 5,919,186: Laser apparatus for surgery of cataractous lenses, issued 6 July 1999
Pat. No. 6,083,192: Pulsed ultrasound method for fragmenting/emulsifying and removing cataractous lenses, issued 4 July 2000.
References:
Patricia Bath. (2013). The Biography Channel website. Retrieved 09:41, Jul 22, 2013, from http://www.biography.com/people/patricia-bath-21038525.
Innovative Lives: The Right to Sight: Patricia Bath by Martha Davidson, July 22. Smithsonian Institution. from http://invention.smithsonian.org/centerpieces/ilives/bath/bath.html
YNES MEXIA
Mexican-American botanist Ynes Mexia discovered two new plant genera and 500 new plant species—and she didn’t even start collecting plants until she was 51 years old. Born in 1870 in Washington D.C. to a Mexican diplomat father, Mexia spent many years as a social worker before enrolling as an undergraduate at the University of California Berkeley and discovering her passion for botany. In the 1910s and 1920s, she traveled thousands of miles around Mexico, South America, and Alaska, collecting some 145,000 plant specimens in just 13 years. Today, 50 plant species are named for her.
Percy Lavon Julian was an internationally acclaimed scientist whose discoveries earned him more than 130 chemical patents and a host of professional awards. Among his most important contributions were the creation of a synthetic version of cortisone, a drug used to relieve the pain and inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis, and physostigmine, prescribed to alleviate the effects of glaucoma—a disease of the eye that can cause blindness if left untreated. Julian’s work with soybeans and soya derivatives also led to the mass production of the male and female hormones testosterone and progesterone and the development of a powerful firefighting chemical called Aero-Foam, used by the U.S. Navy during World War II. The first African American to direct a modern industrial laboratory, he spent 17 years with the Glidden Company in Chicago before leaving to establish his own successful pharmaceutical enterprise, Julian Laboratories, Inc.
http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/chemistry-biographies/percy-lavon-julian#D