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Your AP exam will be 7:45 a.m. on May 5, a week from today, in the library. Please be there on time to check in. Once the exam has started you won’t be able to be admitted. Some of you will be testing in E-8, but check in at the library first.
INSTRUCTIONS (FROM MR. KIRKPATRICK) FOR DOWNLOADING THE BLUEBOOK APP ON YOUR CHROMEBOOK:
1. Sign completely out of your Chromebook
2. Go to the apps in the bottom left and launch Bluebook
3. Sign in with your College Board account, the account you signed up for the AP classes.
4. Then check out the resources.
Let me know if this does not work!
INSTRUCTIONS BELOW FOR COMPLETING A TEST PREVIEW IN BLUEBOOK:
Ecology Topic; Responses to the Environment Lecture Notes
Ecology Topic; Responses to the Environment Lecture Notes
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Notice that box whisker plots are not always symmetrical.
The closer together the whiskers, the less variation we will find in the data.
To the left:
Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that is used by many RNA based viruses to use your cell to make DNA that will code for more viruses. We can use reverse transcriptase to make DNA.
To the right:
The practice FRQ mentions inserting the regulatory sequence for the CD3 gene. This gene codes for the CD3 receptors on certain immune, T-Cells that interact with antibodies.
HOMEWORK: Watch this video on Eukaryotic Gene Regulation and complete this video worksheet (CSD login).
Continue working on the review packet. Complete, at least, through 6.5 by Monday. Will do a check-in then.
Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey 1952
Nucleic Acid or Protein as Transforming Factor Experiment (below).
Plasmids (above) are small circular bits of DNA that are outside of the prokaryotic chromosome. These can be exchanged between bacteria. They are also used in genetic engineering.
HOMEWORK:
Using the three videos below as resources, write a detailed explanation of the process of translation. Include the components listed below the videos in your explanation:
Start at 3:08 in the first video link. The first part of the link is review. 3:08 Transcription, Translation, and the Genetic Code Molecular Components of Translation Stages of Translation
-mRNA
-codon
-5' to 3'
-tRNA
-anticodon
-How many amino acids?
-Why are there more tRNA types than amino acids?
-Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase
-Ribosome
-Which end of the mRNA does the small ribosomal subunit bind to?
-Start Codon
-Methionine
-Initiation
-Attachment Site
-Peptide Bonding Site
-Exit Site
-Elongation of the polypeptide chain.
-Stop Codon
-Release Factor (hydrolyzing)
-What is the product of translation?
HOMEWORK:
DNA Structure & Replication POGIL (CSD login) Key (CSD login)
Note: As a resource for this unit, Gene Expression and Regulation, units 16 through 21 (pages 305 to 450) in the succulent book can be helpful.
X inactivation is a type of dosage compensation. Males and females of the same species should have similar "doses" of allele impact on the phenotype.
Inactivated X chromosomes are called Barr bodies.
Sometimes X-inactivation is called Lyonization after Mary Francis Lyon's work.
Mitosis vs Meiosis Quiz for teacher view only
Mendelian and Non-mendelian Inheritance
Lecture Copy of Sex Linked Traits
HOMEWORK:
-Mendelian Practice Problems (due 2/10) Key
-Student Copy of Sex Linked Traits (due 2/20) Here's a picture of the budgie data for question #12. Key
-Non Mendelian Practice Problems (due 2/10) Key (error on #4, ratio should be 1:2:1)
Mendelian Genetics Dihybrid Crosses Key for copy posted. Key for those who got the true breeding tall, wrinkled plant for question #1.
Meiosis -vs- Mitosis Review before small quiz scheduled for next time we meet.
HOMEWORK: Study differences between mitosis and meiosis for the quiz scheduled for next time we meet. Also, complete these Mendelian Practice Problems (due Monday, February 10th).
Here is a key for the chi-square corn problems assigned on Day 48.
-genotype -phenotype -homozygous (true breeding) -heterozygous (hybrid)
HOMEWORK: Study Meiosis so you know all of the steps and what happens in each. There will be a small quiz over this next time we meet. Also, look through these Self Guided Lecture Practice Review Practice Problems for studying inheritance.
Chi Square = X2
o = observed
e = expected
The macrophage engulfs an antigen (virus or bacteria). It becomes an antigen presenting cell that puts a part of the antigen on its cell surface. The helper T cell has receptors that bind to the APC and becomes activated to initiate the immune response. Type of cell communication?
Neurotransmitters are released from a neuron. They travel a very short distance across the synapse to another neuron and bind to a receptor on the second neuron. This initiates another nerve impulse. Receptors can be blocked by drugs of molecules secreted by other cells. Type of cell communication?
G Protein Signal Transduction Shown Above
Here an active relay protein is used to initiate the signal transduction.
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signal Transduction Shown Above
Here, the receptor is an enzyme that initiates the signal transduction.
Sliding filaments of muscle contraction shown above.
Do bacteria use aerobic respiration since they have no mitochondria?
Who uses what type of aerobic respiration?
-fungi -bacteria -animals -plants -protists
Non Cyclic Electron Flow vs Cyclic Electron Flow in the Light Dependent Reactions. Here's a video explanation (was not shown in class).
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Cell Communication POGIL Key (CSD account for access)
HOMEWORK: Complete the AP Classroom multiple choice progress check questions. Type in the textbox of this Canvas assignment when finished.
These occur in the cytoplasm. These are both anaerobic.
This occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion.
This occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion.
This occurs in cristae (inner folded membrane of the mitochondria).
C4 and Cam explanation (don't view the beginning) (next time save until molecular variation section)
Link to Photosynthesis & Respiration Overview Visual
Notes Biology Professor Aerobic Respiration
Introduction to Glycolysis Diagram Glycolysis Video
Glucose can NOT enter the mitochondrion!!!
Finish Photosynthesis Lab Handout
HOMEWORK:
Cellular Respiration...An Overview POGIL Key (CSD to access)
Great Oxygenation Event Ted Ed
Iron rich layers created from earths early oxygenation event driven by cyanobacteria.
Photosynthesis & Respiration Lab using Photosynthetic Algae Beads
Work on Unit 3 Study Guide Packet #1. Key (Enzymes through Photosynthesis)
HOMEWORK: Finish Study Packet #1 (above). Also, read pages 163 to 177 (Sections 9.1 to 9.4 on cellular respiration) in your biology book. We will start learning about cellular respiration next time we meet.
Set up Spinach Light Experiment
-Cut out 10 spinach discs.
-Sink 20 + spinach discs by creating a vacuum to "suck out" the air from the discs.
-Place your 10 discs in about 80 mL of bicarbonate solution in the light treatment and 10 discs in about 80 mL of bicarbonate solution in the dark treatment (cover the beaker in tin foil).
-We will check them at the end of the period.
Different Diagrams of Calvin Cycle:
-Calvin Cycle Starting with 6 RUBP The reason to start with 6 is because 6 RUBP are required to make 2 G3P needed for 1 glucose.
-Many diagrams start with 3 RUBP. This is because it is simplified but it only makes 1 G3P (we know that 2 are needed for 1 glucose).
-Here's a diagram that does not give number of molecules.
A. Group divides up and explains the Light Dependent Reactions
Visuals provided For Light Dependent Reactions:
Chloroplast Thylakoid Membrane Visual Option Another Option
-Where, specifically, do they occur in the cell?
-What happens during the process? Include the following features and identify the main inputs and outputs:
Photosystem II, water, oxygen, high energy electrons, electron transport, cytochrome complex, Photosystem I, NADPH, ATP Synthase, ATP
B. Group divides up and explains the Light Independent Reactions/Calvin Cycle.
Visuals provided For Calvin Cycle Reactions:
Chloroplast Calvin Cycle Diagram Photosynthesis Big Picture
-Where, specifically, does the cycle occur? Include the following features and identify the main inputs and outputs:
-What happens during the process?
Fixation
-Carbon Dioxide, RuBp, 3PGA, Rubisco
Reduction
-3PGA, ATP, NADPH, G3P
-G3P exits the cycle to eventually become part of what?
Regeneration
-G3P, ATP, RuBp
Homework: Work on the first part of the Unit 3 Study Guide Packet #1. Be prepared to show M.Hee on Friday.
First, set up plant pigment chromatography in F-21. Please work in groups of about 4 students. If someone is a singleton, invite them into your group...thanks!
You should set up three chromatography beakers per group. One with spinach, one with swiss chard, and one with purple cabbage. Record the data from the spinach, but save all of your chromatography strips for comparisons. Here is a video starting at 2:25 to help you see how to transfer the plant juices onto the chromatography paper.
Second, work on this Photosynthesis Light Dependent Reactions POGIL Key (sub will hand out hard copies) while waiting the 20 minutes for the chromatography solvent (alcohol) to travel up the chromatography paper.
Third, check chromatography paper, take measurements, and answer lab questions.
Fourth, any extra class time can be used to complete the POGIL or work on AP Classroom homework.
HOMWORK: AP Classroom questions 3.4 video and three cellular energy questions and finish any work not completed today.
Unit 2 Exam; Cell Structure and Function (only teachers can access) Grading Notes Task Verb Sheet Formulas Sheet
Plastics in ecosystems have devistating impacts.
PETase is an enzyme that breaks down plastic.
Here is a cell structure slideshow to help with the review packet above.
-Diffusion -Osmosis -Tonicity -Chemical Gradients
-Active Transport -Primary vs. Secondary Active Transport
-Active Transporter Proteins -Endocytosis & Exocytosis
Define.
Create a visual.
Explain why this is important
Give relevant examples..
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Finish White Board Share Outs of Mung Bean Experiment
Cell Process Working Groups Hee's Groups
Cell Size and Shape Laboratory Here's some agar shape diffusion data that you can use if you did not have enough time to complete your experiment in class.
Homework: Complete the Cell Size and Shape Laboratory. Study the structure and functions of organelles. Here's a Organelle Functions Quizlet to help you study.
Here's a Organelle Functions Quizlet since we did not get to all of the organelles last time.
68 percent w/in 1 standard deviation of the mean, 95 w/ in 2 standard deviations, and 99.7 w/in 3 st. dev.
You may use sheets for your calculations.
Calculating SEM in Sheets formula is =STDEV(...)/SQRT(COUNT(...))
HOMEWORK: All unassigned questions including the the end of the unit progress checks have been assigned. These are not for points, however, completing them will help you prepare for the exam scheduled for next Wednesday, October 2nd and the AP Exam.
Study for next Tuesday's exam using all materials posted today, as well as, study guides, notes, assignments, etc...used throughout the unit.
The two links below address questions about plants and animals and carbon and nitrogen cycles in section 1.2 of the study guide.
Autotrophs making and heterotrophs obtaining carbohydrates in the carbon cycle.
Organisms obtaining nitrogen for proteins in the nitrogen cycle.
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Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acid Structure Overview
Modeling Biological Molecules: Nucleic Acids Activity
Unit 1 Study Guide & Key (you need to be in your CSD account to access the key)
HOMEWORK: Complete most of the study guide by Friday, Sept 27th.
Also, complete the 9/25 three AP Classroom questions on nucleic acids. Due on Friday, September 27th. The assigned video on nucleic acids is optional but recommended if you think that it will be helpful to you.
Please welcome Ms. Daly with kindness and cooperation. I appreciate all of your help today!
Click through this Lipids Self Guided Lecture answer questions in this document to be uploaded to Canvas by the end of the period.
Lipids Interactive Assignment you will need a separate paper to write some of the answers. Feel free to use scratch paper provided in the wire baskets. NOTE: Drawing the molecules is optional if you can answer the questions without doing so. Hand in what you complete by the end of the period. It won't be a problem if you are using time wisely but don't finish.
HOMEWORK:
Ms. Daly will give you the Lipids handout Key As with the other two macromolecules handouts, it is ok to use the key. This assignment is meant to be helpful in training your brain to recognize the general structure of lipids and the various molecular configurations.
Also, complete the 6 questions assigned on 9/20 in AP Classroom. Then submit a note in Canvas telling me that you have finished so the assignment is not marked late. Due by Tuesday, Sept 24th.
Macromolecules and Carbohydrates (related to last time we met)
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As mentioned last Monday, we will be focusing on skills related to the AP Exam on Mondays. Today's skills are measuring and recording data and experimental design.
Check your Mung Bean Pilot investigation. What happened? Do not throw the beans out. You will be measuring the radicle (root) length after you set up your Mung Bean Experiment.
Measure the radicle (root) length of each of the beans from your pilot investigation and record them on this data sheet
Use the results from this study to fine tune your Mung Bean Experiment.
Mung Bean Experiment (20 Mung Bean Seeds Each) Planning
-hypothesis (alternative hypothesis)?
-null hypothesis?
-controls?...positive or negative?
-confounding variables
HOMEWORK: Carbohydrates handout. Key. It is ok to use the key! You should not try to memorize the exact chemical structure of each molecule. I just want you to get familiar with looking at carbohydrates and recognizing their names and general configurations.
Building Biological Macromolecules: Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate Odds & Ends This is a reference that you may use for the Building Carbohydrates activity above.
Carbohydrates Structure Worksheet Key
-hypothesis (alternative hypothesis)?
-null hypothesis
-controls?...positive or negative?
-confounding variables
Homework: Read pages 68 to 74 in the succulent book and complete questions 1 through 3 on page 69 and questions 1 through 3 on page 74. Upload your answers to Canvas.
Videos 1.3 and 1.4 videos on dehydration synthesis and polymerization are available in AP Classroom (these are optional, but highly advised as a review and to see College Now's focus).
-Chemistry Review & Functional Groups
-Time to Make Flashcards of Functional Groups (structure on one side/name on the other side)
-Set up pilot run of Mung Bean Lab:
-You get 10 beans for this trial run (will get 20 next time)
-You determine setup (measure water etc...)
-You come up with a plan for what they will test next time. Bring materials if the school does not have.
HOMEWORK: Watch Daily Video 1.2 complete the four questions (3 of the questions are in the Elements of Life Quiz and 1 of the questions is in the Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding Quiz). The assigned date is included for help locating in AP Classroom.
After you have completed the video and all four questions type a note in Canvas, letting me know that you are finished.
Book for home (succulent book)
Class set (Snow Leopard book)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBSgJocqOKQ start at 2:22
C4 and Cam explanation (don't view the beginning)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iM-S-IVebnM
Key CSD account required for access.
AP Exam style FRQs
Unit Three; Cellular Energy Practice Exam
Unit 4 Review Packet CSD Account needed to access. Some of the scenarios, covered in the poster-boards to be viewed tomorrow. We will go over questions on the packet on Thursday, January 11th. Packet due on January 16th (day of the exam).
HHMI Mouse MC1R pigment receptor for next year
Glucose/Insulin and Signal Transduction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=usAknufJHlo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDN0evB5Ca8 root onion tip exp. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8j_yJ0ph2A
Review
3 classes of receptor signaling (ion, G protein, Enzyme
For next time...pGLO Transformations Streak Plate
Monday, regulation of gene expression eukaryotes and cell differentiation...finish topic
Wednesday, Biotechnology and review
HOMEWORK: Use this study guide to start preparing for the exam over Regulation of Gene Expression and Cell Specialization. scheduled for Tuesday, March 12th.
Retrovirus and Reverse Transcriptase Reverse Transcription
current student Instructions Changed Step #1 to transfer 250 microliters into P+ and P-
Cladistics & BLAST Lab BLAST Lab Last Page Doc (note...you only need to do Gene 1) Right click ends in asn Revised Copy of Blast Last Last Page
