Estimation of energy potential for harnessing wind energy using Offshore Wind Farm in Arabian Sea
Estimation of energy potential for harnessing wind energy using Offshore Wind Farm in Arabian Sea
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Abstract
The need for power is growing, yet the availability of conventional energy sources is dwindling on Earth as a whole. Due to the finite supply of fossil fuel, it is crucial to develop and implement new, creative renewable energy technologies. The increasing rise of the global population and the depletion of conventional energy sources foretell a major global energy crisis in the near future. Utilizing renewable energy sources is crucial if we want to avoid the energy catastrophe.
Wind energy is one of the renewable energy sources that is growing most quickly. Pakistan is experiencing a severe lack of electricity. Due to the emphasis on renewable energy sources around the world, wind energy is receiving a lot of attention.
This study deals with the estimation of maximum wind power output, reduction in cost and making the project feasible for different areas of Pakistan. This study would help in identifying potential areas (near Arabian Sea) where the wind farms can be installed for power generation. This study will be carried out by collecting data of wind speed of different beaches of Pakistan along with their latitude and longitude values. This proposal presents an assessment of the wind potential to increase Pakistan's participation in use of renewable energy and specifically discusses offshore wind farm technology. It serves as a good barometer for the development of a wind farm in the Arabian Sea since it demonstrates the potential and techno-economic viability of a wind farm there to increase the share of renewable energy sources in Pakistan's overall energy mix while lowering system costs.
The need for power is growing, yet the availability of conventional energy sources is dwindling on Earth as a whole. Due to the finite supply of fossil fuel, it is crucial to develop and implement new, creative renewable energy technologies. The increasing rise of the global population and the depletion of conventional energy sources foretell a major global energy crisis in the near future. Utilizing renewable energy sources is crucial if we want to avoid the energy catastrophe.
Wind energy is one of the renewable energy sources that is growing most quickly. Pakistan is experiencing a severe lack of electricity. Due to the emphasis on renewable energy sources around the world, wind energy is receiving a lot of attention.
This study deals with the estimation of maximum wind power output, reduction in cost and making the project feasible for different areas of Pakistan. This study would help in identifying potential areas (near Arabian Sea) where the wind farms can be installed for power generation. This study will be carried out by collecting data of wind speed of different beaches of Pakistan along with their latitude and longitude values. This proposal presents an assessment of the wind potential to increase Pakistan's participation in use of renewable energy and specifically discusses offshore wind farm technology. It serves as a good barometer for the development of a wind farm in the Arabian Sea since it demonstrates the potential and techno-economic viability of a wind farm there to increase the share of renewable energy sources in Pakistan's overall energy mix while lowering system costs.
Generalized Angstrom – Prescott coefficients and estimation of solar radiation on horizontal and tilted surface using sky models for different regions of Pakistan
Generalized Angstrom – Prescott coefficients and estimation of solar radiation on horizontal and tilted surface using sky models for different regions of Pakistan
Abstract
This study deals with the solar radiation estimation for different cities of Pakistan on horizontal and tilted surfaces using different sky models. As the acquiring of solar data is challenging job in terms of cost, maintenance, and safety of equipment, this study will help in close estimation of solar radiation, optimization of area sizing, maximum output, reduction in cost, making the project feasible for the area on interest and can extend the determination of those values to the outskirts and adjoining areas of respective cities.
Major beneficiaries would be the solar PV system and solar water heater industries for power generation. These models would help in identifying potential areas (near the town or area grid) where the solar farms can be installed for power generation. This study will be carried out by collecting data of solar radiations for horizontal and tilted surfaces and peak sunshine hour duration of different cities of Pakistan along with their latitude and altitude values. Here we will devise the relationships between Angstrom – Prescott coefficients based on altitude, and latitude of a city which will further utilized to calculate the solar radiation of that city and its adjoining areas. Estimate the monthly average daily global solar radiation on tilted surface by using different sky models and carryout statistical test to compare each model with satellite data and evaluate the best fit sky models for tilted surface. Calculated values of most of the cities are in close agreement with the satellite values with some variation that has been observed in the months of July and August due to monsoon period because of which sunshine hours and global radiation are affected by the clouds and precipitation. Secondly Isotropic and An-isotropic sky models are applied to these cities and comparisons were made with the satellite values of total incident solar radiation on tilted surface where tilt angle is the same as that of the latitude of the city and found that the Badescu model best fit for all cities that are under consideration during the study.
This study deals with the solar radiation estimation for different cities of Pakistan on horizontal and tilted surfaces using different sky models. As the acquiring of solar data is challenging job in terms of cost, maintenance, and safety of equipment, this study will help in close estimation of solar radiation, optimization of area sizing, maximum output, reduction in cost, making the project feasible for the area on interest and can extend the determination of those values to the outskirts and adjoining areas of respective cities.
Major beneficiaries would be the solar PV system and solar water heater industries for power generation. These models would help in identifying potential areas (near the town or area grid) where the solar farms can be installed for power generation. This study will be carried out by collecting data of solar radiations for horizontal and tilted surfaces and peak sunshine hour duration of different cities of Pakistan along with their latitude and altitude values. Here we will devise the relationships between Angstrom – Prescott coefficients based on altitude, and latitude of a city which will further utilized to calculate the solar radiation of that city and its adjoining areas. Estimate the monthly average daily global solar radiation on tilted surface by using different sky models and carryout statistical test to compare each model with satellite data and evaluate the best fit sky models for tilted surface. Calculated values of most of the cities are in close agreement with the satellite values with some variation that has been observed in the months of July and August due to monsoon period because of which sunshine hours and global radiation are affected by the clouds and precipitation. Secondly Isotropic and An-isotropic sky models are applied to these cities and comparisons were made with the satellite values of total incident solar radiation on tilted surface where tilt angle is the same as that of the latitude of the city and found that the Badescu model best fit for all cities that are under consideration during the study.
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