a. How many muscles are in the model? How does this compare to the number of degrees of freedom in the model? What is the minimum number of muscles required to fully actuate the model?
Hint: Full actuation of the knee, for example, means both knee flexion and knee extension.

There are 93 muscles in the model

There’s much more muscles then degrees of freedom

b. Name two muscles, other than the gluteus medius, in the model that are represented by multiple lines of action. Why do you think these muscles are represented in this way?
Hint: Other muscles with multiple lines of action use the same naming convention as the gluteus medius.

Right knee extension and Right knee bend have multiple lines of actions since their all extending and bending over a large area and to allow for this movement need to have the action be split up in multiple muscle parts

c. Which knee extensor muscles have wrapping points? At what knee angles do the wrapping points appear for each of those knee extensors? A muscle may have more than one wrapping point.

Vas med r has a wrapping point and it happens when the knee is bent since it is on a joint

3. Modeling Limitations

a. Zoom in on the right hip, and display only the glut_max3_r muscle (right hip extensors group). Examine this muscle for the full range of hip flexion angles. What problems do you see with the path of glut_max3_r through the range of motion? In what ways are point-to-point representations of muscle paths a simplification of musculoskeletal geometry?

The muscle goes into the femur doe to a lack of wrapping points for simplicity

6. Range of Motion

a. Synchronize and play the normal gait and crouch gait. Be sure to loop the animation, adjust the play speed, and rotate the models. Visually compare the two motions. From your observations, qualitatively describe the general differences in kinematics (joint coordinates) between the normal and crouch gait motions. 

Now quantitatively compare knee flexion angles over the crouch and normal gait cycles.

• • • Open a new Plot window.

    • Make the Normal model current by double-clicking its name, Normal, in the Navigator. It should become bold-faced.

    • In the plot window, click Y-Quantity, select normal_gait, and select knee_angle_r. Click OK.

    • Click X-Quantity and select normal_gait. Click OK.

    • Edit the text in the Curve Name textbox to read Normal Gait.

    • To add the curve of right knee angle vs. gait cycle, click Add.

    • Make the Crouch model current by selecting it (double-click) in the Navigator. It should become bold-faced.

    • In the same plotter window, click Y-Quantity, select crouch1_gait, and select knee_angle_r. Click OK.

    • Click X-Quantity and select crouch1_gait. Click OK.

    • In the Curve Name textbox edit the text to read Crouch Gait, then click Add.
      
      

b. Draw the plot of the knee angle curve for a normal gait cycle. Label the times at which heel strike and toe-off occur, and the stance and swing intervals. 

c. What is the range of motion for knee flexion during stance phase for normal gait?

d. How does knee flexion range of motion for crouch gait compare to that of normal gait?

6a). The crouching motion has a lowered stance and more hip movment while the walking motion has longer strides

6b).  0.7 seconds

6c).  -60 to 0

6d).  Its much less