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🎯 Class Objective:
🎯 Class Objective:
The student analyzes the structure of scientific knowledge and differentiates between observation, fact, hypothesis, law, theory, and principle.
❓ Big Question:
❓ Big Question:
What is the difference between a scientific law and a scientific theory?
📘 What is the Scientific Method?
📘 What is the Scientific Method?
The Scientific Method is a systematic process used to investigate questions, test ideas, and explain natural phenomena using evidence.
Scientific knowledge is built from:
Observations
Facts
Hypotheses
Laws
Theories
Principles
🧩 Types of Scientific Knowledge
🧩 Types of Scientific Knowledge
🔎 Observation
🔎 Observation
Something you notice using your senses.
📌 Fact
📌 Fact
An observation that has been confirmed repeatedly.
💡 Hypothesis
💡 Hypothesis
A testable explanation based on observations.
📏 Scientific Law
📏 Scientific Law
Describes what happens in nature (often mathematical).
🌍 Scientific Theory
🌍 Scientific Theory
Explains why something happens.
⚖ Principle
⚖ Principle
A general rule based on repeated evidence.
Steps of the scientific method
Steps of the scientific method
Observation
Observation
We notice something happening using our senses.
Question about the phenomena
Question about the phenomena
We ask why or how something happens.
Hypothesis
Hypothesis
We propose a possible explanation that can be tested.
Experiment
Experiment
We design a test to check if the hypothesis is correct.
Results
Results
We collect and analyze the data from the experiment.
Conclusion
Conclusion
We verify if the hypothesis was correct or not.
Apply the scientific method
Apply the scientific method
What is the observation?
What is the question?
What is the hypothesis?
How would you design the experiment?
What would you expect in a vacuum?
🧠 Analyzing Scientific Knowledge
🧠 Analyzing Scientific Knowledge
Classify the Statement
Classify the Statement
Decide if each statement is: Observation, Fact, Hypothesis, Law, Theory, or Principle.
Objects fall toward Earth.
Gravity causes objects to fall.
If gravity increases, objects fall faster.
The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s².
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Watch the following video and be ready to explain how the scientific method is applied.
Watch the following video and be ready to explain how the scientific method is applied.
✍ Discussion Question:
✍ Discussion Question:
Why is a scientific theory not “just a guess”?
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