SEEING WHAT CANNOT BE SEEN
Electron microscopy images captured by Carnegie Embryology's Mike Sepanski
Microvilli like fingers, DNA like tangled ropes, lipid droplets like oil in water: Mike Sepanski’s work exists at the intersection of art and science, revealing familiar forms in an unfamiliar world.
Sepanski captured the following images using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at the Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology. TEM uses electrons, rather than light, to visualize details 100 times smaller than can be seen with light microscopes—features as small as individual molecules. This process requires great skill and is enormously useful to scientists who study life at the subcellular level. It also requires an artistic eye capable of picking meaningful compositions from images of life on a scale impossible to experience directly.
In January 2021, Mike Sepanski retired from Carnegie after a 37-year career. To celebrate his tremendous contributions to science at the Department of Embryology and beyond, we have put together this gallery of his otherworldly images.
The following samples were prepared by the scientist cited in bold and imaged by Mike Sepanski.
SYMBIOSIS
Many corals rely upon photosynthetic algae that live inside individual coral cells, sharing nutrients in a relationship called endosymbiosis.
REPRODUCTION
Carnegie scientists study the genes that control reproduction in all animals by using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as a model. Model organisms aid researchers by speeding up the time and reducing the cost of experiments, making science more efficient.
BOUNDARY LAYERS
Organs are largely defined by the membranes that divide them into discreet compartments. Boundary layers are defined where a fluid comes in contact with a surface. Signals and nutrients selectively cross these boundaries, a source of organization crucial for the function of organisms.
JUMPING GENES
Alterations to the structure or sequence of DNA can cause mutations, leading to disease or the evolution of a species. Transposons, or "jumping genes," are sections of DNA that move from one location on the genome to another, altering the sequence unpredictably. Transposons were discovered at the Carnegie Institution for Science by Barbara McClintock, earning her a Nobel Prize in 1983.
OIL IN WATER
The tendency of fatty acids and similar molecules to form droplets in water has profound implications for life. Lipids, present as subcellular droplets, can store energy, act as chemical messengers, or deliver essential nutrients - these fatty bubbles have even proven to be the best delivery vehicle for the mRNA Covid-19 vaccine.
IMMORTAL CELLS
Immortalized cells derived from cancer patients are often used in biological research because they can multiply indefinitely. The K562 human lymphoma cell line (seen below) is used to study the degradation of ribosomes.
STRUCTURES
The structures formed at a microscopic level are striking in their complexity. The mechanics of these forms have a significant impact on the function of tissues. Tubes, furrows, and fibrils transmit the biology of the microscopic to the anatomy of the macroscopic.
MITOCHONDRIA
Mitochondria are organelles present in all plants and animals that convert energy from food into a form the cells can use. Like symbiotic organisms, these organelles possess their own genome and gene expression machinery. Disruption to mitochondrial genes can cause diseases such as Leigh Syndrome, a degenerative and often lethal condition.
Mitochondria in Zebrafish are seen as smooth ovals, defined by the outer membrane. The squiggly lines inside the oval are the inner membrane. The extensive membranes facilitate the production of energy for the cell. // Jen Anderson / 2020
The images in this gallery represent only a fraction of the Department of Embryology’s groundbreaking scientific research. To learn more about what we do, visit emb.carnegiescience.edu
The Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology has become recognized worldwide as one of the premier research centers in cellular, developmental, and genetic biology. The department has a unique atmosphere and research style that have allowed a small enterprise to have a disproportionately large impact on science. We revere this atmosphere as the source of our inspiration and strive to further improve it as the department evolves within the current milieu of intensive activity, investment, and opportunity in the biological sciences.