UNIT 3 | TOPIC 1

THE MONROE DOCTRINE

QUIZLET 3.1

RECALL: Effects of the War of 1812

Increased sense of national pride (Patriotism)
American manufacturing boosted
Native American resistance weakened
The Federalist party ended and the nation experienced political unity, this period was known as the Era of Good Feelings.

Era of Good Feelings and the development of the United States

Growing nationalism led to improvements in the nation to make America self-sufficient.

Nationalism feelings of pride and loyalty to a nation
James Monroe was elected as the 5th President of the U.S. (1817-1825)

Henry Clay proposed the American System, a series of measures to make America economically independent.

National bank to provide a single currency
- Some in Congress felt the bank was not permitted by the Constitution.
- In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court ruled the national bank was constitutional.
Protective Tariff on European goods to protect American made goods.
Federal construction of roads and canals to link the West with the East.

Driving Forces of Expansion

Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817-1818)

Treaty with Great Britain
the setting of the northern limits of the Louisiana Territory at the 49th parallel
A cease-fire of the navies on the Great lakes

Treaty of 1818

Set the boundary between the Missouri Territory in the United States and British Canada at the forty-ninth parallel.
America and Great Britain settled for joint occupation, both countries would settle peacefully in this area of the Oregon territory.

Florida Becomes Part of U.S.

After War of 1812, Spain had difficulty governing Florida
Seminole Indians, runaway slaves, and white outlaws conducted raids into U.S. territory and retreated to safety across the Florida border
President Monroe commissioned General Andrew Jackson to stop the raiders

Jackson led a force into Florida, destroyed Seminole villages, captured Pensacola, and drove out the Spanish governor

Adams-Onis Treaty

The United States ceded to Spain its claims to Texas west of the Sabine River.
Spain retained possession of Texas, California, and the vast region of New Mexico.

Rush Bagot

Treaty of 1818

Adams-Onis Treaty

The Missouri Compromise (1820) settled an important regional conflict.

Missouri applied to enter Union as slave state, which would change balance between free and slave states.
Henry Clay (a.k.a. The Great Compromiser) proposed Missouri Compromise in 1820 which maintained an equal balance between slave and free states in the United States.
Missouri entered as slave state

Maine would join Union as a free state, preserving balance between free and slave states.
Slavery would be prohibited in any new states or territories north of 36°30’.
Disagreements between the North and South over slavery continued.

The Monroe Doctrine

With the Monroe Doctrine, the United States strengthened its relationship with Latin America.

Latin American countries declared independence from Spain.
The United States issued the Monroe Doctrine.
- Warned European powers not to interfere in the Americas.
- Put Latin America in the U.S. sphere of influence.
- The United States would not interfere in the affairs of European nations.
- The United States would recognize, and not interfere with, countries that already existed in the Americas.
- The Western Hemisphere was off-limits to colonization by any foreign power (European Nations).

Out with the Old...in the with the NEW!

ELECTION OF 1824

Andrew Jackson won the popular vote but did not have enough electoral votes.
The House of Representatives was required by the Constitution to choose the winner; they chose John Quincy Adams.
Jackson’s supporters claimed Adams had made a “corrupt bargain” with Henry Clay.
Accusations grew after Adams made Clay secretary of state, which weakened support for Adams.

ELECTION OF 1828

Jackson was portrayed as war hero who had been born poor and worked to succeed (self-made man).
Adams was Harvard graduate and son of the second president.
Jackson wins

Democracy expanded in the 1820s as more Americans held the right to vote.

Small farmers, frontier settlers, and slaveholders backed Andrew Jackson in the election of 1828.
- - They believed he would defend the rights of common people and the slave states.

Voting Reforms

Many states lowered or eliminated the property ownership requirement for men to be eligible to vote.
Political parties held nominating conventions, which allowed party members, not just leaders, to select candidates.
New campaign techniques- with more people voting, candidates and their parties useds banners, dinners, rallies, speeches, and debates to attract voter attention
The period of expanding democracy in the 1820s and 1830s was called Jacksonian democracy.

Regional differences grew during Jackson's presidency.

The Nullification Crisis

In 1827, northern manufacturers had demanded a tariff on imported wool goods.
- Would provide protection against foreign competition.
Southerners opposed a tariff because it would hurt their economy.
Congress passed a high tariff on imports before Jackson became president.
The South called it the Tariff of Abominations.

The rights of the states were debated amid arguments about a national tariff.

The question of an individual state’s right to disregard a law passed by Congress was at the heart of a growing conflict over tariffs.
Vice President John C. Calhoun supported the South
- states’ rights doctrine stated that states could nullify, or reject, law judged unconstitutional
Calhoun’s theory was controversial.
- Produced the Nullification Crisis

Jackson’s War on the National Bank

Jackson did not always support federal power.
- Opposed Second Bank of the United States.
- Believed it was unconstitutional: only states should have banking power.

Southern states opposed the Bank because they believed it only helped the wealthy.

Jackson vetoed the renewal of the Bank’s charter in 1832.

The Indian Removal Act authorized the relocation of Native Americans to the West.

Native Americans had long lived in settlements stretching from Georgia to Mississippi. Jackson and other political leaders wanted to open land to settlement by American farmers.
Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830.
The act authorized the removal of Native Americans living east of Mississippi to lands in the West.

Cherokee Nation

Cherokees sued the state of Georgia to stay on their land. The Supreme Court ruled in the Cherokees’ favor in Worcester v. Georgia, but President Jackson sided with Georgia and took no action to enforce the ruling.

Trail of Tears

In 1838, U.S. troops forced Cherokees on 800-mile march to Indian Territory.
One-fourth of 18,000 Cherokees died.

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