The main challenge in aqueous processing is the separation of metals into different streams. Because of mining ores depletion, the concentration of contaminants (e.g. Fe, Al, and organic matter) has increased, and current technologies lack feasibility. In addition, recycling contains high concentrations of valuable elements (e.g., Li, Ni, and Co in battery leach solution over 10g/L), and separation techniques were not designed for such conditions. The search for new sources of critical raw materials addresses the development of new technologies, and membrane-based electrochemical separation has the advantage of selective separation due to valency and chemical characteristics.