Addition Strategies

During elementary school, children work with the 4 operations. The grade level expectations for "fast facts" are:

By the end of Kindergarten, students will be able to add and subtract within 5.

By the end of First Grade, students will be able to add and subtract with fluency (and know from memory) within 10 and have strategies to add and subtract within 20.

By the end of Second Grade, students will add and subtract with fluency (and know from memory) within 20.

By the end of Third Grade, students will know from memory the products of all two one-digit numbers.

The addition trajectory is:

Adding 0 to a number.

Adding 1 to a number.

Adding within sums of 5 and 10.

All the combinations of 2 whole numbers that make 10.

Double Facts.

Doubles Plus One Facts (sometimes called "Near Doubles". Examples are 3+4, 4+5, 5+6, etc, were you double the lesser number and add 1 more).

Doubles Plus Two Facts (Examples are 3+5, 4+6, 5+7, etc, where you double the lesser number and add 2 more).

Adding 10 to a number.

Adding higher numbers.

Using compensation for adding 7, 8, and 9 to numbers.

As children master each strategy they move on to the next.