Helminthology is the study of helminths (worms). Helminths are a group of vermiform organisms which share a similar form but are not necessarily related as part of evolution. There is no real consensus on the taxonomy of the helminths. It contains a number of phyla, many of which are completely unrelated.

Human infections with helminths are still persistently endemic in many parts of the world. In addition, some are considered nowadays as emerging or re-emerging parasites. Human cases of zoonotic, imported and opportunistic helminthic infections are being detected increasingly. In the view of the intensive human and animal population migration and the increased international trade in animals and food; global surveillance and control of such infections is vital to world health. Unfortunately, such infections are among the most neglected human infectious diseases.

Helminthic phyla of medical importance:

1- Phylum Annelida (ringed or segmented worms)

2- Phylum Platyhelminths (flatworms)

3- Phylum Nematoda (roundworms)

4- Phylum Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms)