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CADC team met with Governor of Mizoram March 19, 2008 UJI Correspondent
The delegate invited to the Governor to visit CADC and he agreed to visit in the CADC in the month of April.
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AN INCEPTION OF CHAKMA AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT COUNCIL Administration of Scheduled and Tribal Areas in Mizoram: The constitution makes special provisions for the Administration of certain areas called “Scheduled Areas” in states other than Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram even though such areas are situated within a State or Union Territory [Art.244(1)], presumably because of the backwardness of the people of these Areas. Subject to legislation by Parliament, the power to declare any area as “Scheduled Area” is given to the President has made the scheduled Areas Order.1950, in pursuance of this power. These are Areas inhabited by Tribes specified as ‘Scheduled Tribes' in states other than Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. Special provisions for the administration of such Areas are given in the 5th Schedule. Chapter One : Tribal Areas The Tribal Areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram are separate dealt with [Art 244(2)], and provision for their administration are to be found in the Sixth scheduled to the constitution. The systems of administration under the Fifth and sixth Schedules may be summarized as follows:- The 5th Schedule of the Constitution deals with the administration and control of Scheduled Tribes in the States other than Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. The main features of the administration provided in this Schedule are as follows: The Executive power of the union shall extend to giving directions to the respective States regarding the administration of the Scheduled Areas [Sch.V. Para 3]. The Governors of the States in which there are “Scheduled Areas” have to submit reports to the President regarding the administration of such Areas, annually or wherever so required by the President[Sch.V. Para 3]. Tribes Advisory councils are to be constituted to give advice on such matters as welfare and advancement of the Scheduled Tribes in the States as may be referred to them by the Governor [Sch.V. Para 3]. The Governor is authorized to direct that any particular Act of Parliament or of the Legislature of the State shall not apply to a Scheduled Area or shall apply, only subject to exceptions or modifications. The Governor is also authorised to make regulations to prohibit or restrict the transfer of land by, or among members of, the scheduled Tribes, regulate the allotment of land, and regulate the business of money- lending. All such regulations made by the Governor must have the assent of the President [Sch.V, Para 5]. The foregoing Provisions of the Constitution relating to the administration of the Scheduled Areas and Tribes may be altered by Parliament to go through the formalities relating to the amendment of the Constitution [Sch.V,Para 7(2)]. The Constitution provides for the appointment of a commission to report on the administration of the Scheduled Areas and the Welfare of the Scheduled Tribes in the States The President may appoint such commission at any time, but the appointment of such commission at the end of ten years from the commencement of the constitution is obligatory [Art.339 (1)]. A Commission was accordingly appointed (with Sri U.N. Dhebar as Chairman) in 1960 and it submitted its report to the President towards the end of 1961. Tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram: The Tribal areas in Assam, Meghalay, Tripua and Mizoram are specified the table appended to the 6th Schedule (Para 20) in the Constitution, which has undergone several amendments, originally, it consisted of two Parts, A and B. But since the creation of the States of Nagaland, the Table (as amended) in 1972, 1984 and 1988 includes 9 areas, in four parts: Part I : Assam 1. The North Kachar Hills District, 2. The Karbi Anglong District. Part II : Meghalaya 1. Tha Khasi Hills District 2. The Jaintia Hills District 3. The Garo Hills District Part III : Tripura Tripura Tribal Areas District Part IV : Mizoram 1. The Chakma District 2. The Mara District 3. The Lai District. While the administration of Scheduled Areas in States, other then Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram is dealt with in Schedule V, the 6th Schedule deals with the Tribal Areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. These Tribal Areas are to be administered as Autonomous Districts. These Autonomous Districts are not outside the Executive authority of the state concerned but provision is made for the creation of District councils and Regional councils for the exercise of certain legislative and judicial function. These councils are primarily representative bodies and they have got the power of law making in certain specified fields such as management of a Forest other than a reserve forest, inheritance of property, marriage and social customs and the governor may also conferred upon these councils the power to try certain suits or offences. These councils have also the power to assess and collect land revenue and to impose certain specified taxes. The laws made by the council shall have, however, no effect under assented to by the Governor. With respect to the matters over which the District and Regional Councils are thus empowered to make laws, Act of the State Legislature shall not extend to such Areas unless the relevant District council so directs by public notifications. As regard other matters, the President with respect to a central Act and the Governor with respect to a State Act, may direct that an Act of Parliament or of the State Legislature shall not apply to an autonomous District or shall apply only subject to exceptions or modifications as he may specify in his notification. These councils shall also posses judicial power, civil and criminal, subject to the jurisdiction of the high court as the Governor may from time to time specify. By virtue of the above Schedules, the Pawi and Lakher Autonomous Regional Council set up in 1953 under the provision of Article 244(2) read with the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India was divided into Three Regional Councils, viz, Pawi, Lakher and Chakma by a notification issued by the Government on 2nd April 1972. In term of the provision of paragraph 20-B of the Sixth Schedule, Lakher Regional Council along with Pawi Regional Council and Chakma Regional Council was elevated to the States of Autonomous District Council with effect from 29th April 1972 under the Mizoram District. Councils (Miscellaneous provision) order 1972. Thus, the Lakher District Council came into existence and was re-named as the Mara autonomous District Council from 1st May 1989 under a notification issued (1st May 1989) by the Government of Mizoram specified Tribal areas. For that purpose, it provides for the Constitution of a District Council for each Autonomous Districts, with the power to make laws of matters listed in the paragraph 3(1) of the Sixth Schedule mainly in respect of allotment,occupation, use of land, management of forest other than reserved forest, use of any canal or water course for agriculture, regulation of the practice of Jhum or other forms of sifting cultivation, establishment of village or town committees or councils and specifying their power and village or town administration including town police, public health and sanitation and inheritance of property. Under paragraph 6(1) of the Sixth Schedule, the council have power to established, construct of manage Primary Schools, Dispensaries, Market, Cattle ponds, Ferries, Fisheries, Roads, Road Transport and water ways in the respective Autonomous District . The Councils also have the power to assess, levy and collect within their respective Autonomous Districts; revenue in respect of land and buildings, taxes on professions, trades callings and employments, animals, vehicles and boats, tolls on passengers and goods carried in ferries, and taxes on the maintenance of schools, dispensaries, or roads as listed in paragraph 8 of the Sixth Schedule. Under paragraph 7(2) of the Sixth Schedule to the constitution of India, rules were to be framed by the Governor for the management of a District fund, for the procedure to be followed in respect of payment of money into the said fund, the withdrawal of moneys there from, the custody of money therein and any other matter connected there with or ancillary to these matters. The Mizoram Autonomous District Council fund rules, 1989 framed by the Governor of Mizoram were yet to be finalized as of September 1995. However, the affairs of the council are being regulated under the Pawi - Lakher Regional Council fund rules, 1962. Mizoram Autonomous District Council fund rules 1996, framed by the Governor of Mizoram were finalized and published in the Mizoram Gazette (Extraordinary) on 26 November 1996. Thus, there was a delay of up to 23years for finalisation of District Council fund Rules. In pursuance of paragraph 7(3)(a) of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India, the forms in which the accounts of the District Council are to be maintained was prescribed by then Controller and Auditor General of India in April 1977 with the approval of the President of India. The annual account for the year 1970-71 to 1989-90 (including transaction of Pawi-Lakher Regional Council from second April 1970 to 1 st April 1972, and the Lakher Regional council from 2nd April to 28th April 1972 ) in the prescribe forms were submitted in March 1990 for the years 1970-71 to 1986-87 and in March 1991 for the years 1987-88 to 1988-90. Thus, there was a delay of up to 13years in the rendition of accounts. At present an up to date accounts were submitted to the Accountant General, Shillong. Under paragraph 7(4)of the Sixth Schedule ibid,in which the accounts of the District council are to be audited by the Controller and Auditor General of India, but in rule 146 of the Mizoram Autonomous District council fund rules, 1996, a provision was made for auditing the accounts of the District Council by the examiner of local accounts in violation of the Sixth Schedule. This causes the District Councils inconveniences facing twice audit, while other departments under the State Government were facing a single audit. Therefore, this provision is found undemocratic norm. Article 141 declaring that the State shall not deny to any person equality before series enshrining the aspiration of equality manifested in the Preamble. There shall be the laws in terse. If all laws were to be uniform, there would have been no justification for a multiplicity of laws or no necessity for the enumeration of various legislative powers. The State has to deal with on infinite number of activities entrusted with it by and republican state. The legislative policy has naturally to differ from activity to activity, from purpose to purpose. The principle of equality does not absolutely restrain the state from discrimination ought to be rational. The destruction cannot be arbitrary but must be based on judicious classification with special reference to the particular subject cove r and the particular object sought to be achieved. The true construction of the “Equality before the Law” and the “Equal Protection” clauses will only be that person ought to be given uniform treatment unless therein Acne rational region why a separate treatment be not effected. What equality before the law means is that “among equal the law should be equal and should be equally administered and that the like should be treated alike”. Therefore, it is proposed to delete the above provision by making necessary amendment at an early date. Chapter Two : General Administration machinery of the Council Executive Committee There shall be an Executive Committee of the District council with achieved Executive Member at the head and seven other members of the Executive Committee to exercise the functions hereinafter specified. • The Executive Committee shall be formed by the largest legislature party having a majority of elected members in the District Council. The leader elected by such Legislature Party shall be appointed as the Chief Executive Member. • Subject to sub-rule (2), he Chief Executive Member shall be appointed by the Governor, and other members shall be appointed by the Governor on the recommendation of the Chief Executive Member through the secretary to the Governments. • There shall be a secretary to the Executive Committee, who shall be designated as the Executive Secretary and such other Deputy and Under Secretaries as may be determined by the Executive Committee, with prior approval of the Governor. • The governor may, if he considers necessary, cause the District Council to take up vote of confidence in the newly formed Executive Committee within thirty days from the date of its formation. Conduct of Executive function of the District Council: 1. The Executive functions of the District Council shall be vested in the Executive Committee. 2. All orders or instruments made or executed by the Executive Committee shall be expressed to be made by order of the District Council. Every such order or instruments shall be signed by the chief Executive member or any other member of the Executive Committee or any Officers authorized by the Chief Executive Member by an order in this behalf, and such signature shall be decreed to be the proper authentication of such order or instrument. Power and function of the Executive Committee: 1. The Executive Committee shall dispose of all matters falling within its purview, except certain matters hereinafter specified which shall be referred to the Governor for final approval. 2. The specified matters required to be referred to the District Council as mentioned in sub-rule (1) shall be follows :- • Cases involving any important change in the administrative system of the Autonomous District or any important departure from accepted policy or practice; • Proposals for making regulations, rules or laws as authorized under the provisions of the Schedule; • Cases which may seriously affect or are likely to affect the Chakma Autonomous District or affect or likely to affect relations with any such other District area; • Cases affecting the relations of the State Government with the Autonomous District Councils; • All correspondence of importance with the State Government and the Government of India. • All matters falling within the purview of the discretionary power of the Governor under paragraph 20 BB of the Schedule when sought to be consulted under that paragraph by the Governor with the District Council. • Appointment of all Gazetted officers: • Any other matter or matters which the Executive Committee may think proper to be placed before the District Council; and • All matters required to be placed before the District Council shall be sent to the secretary in writing for placing before the said council. Transaction of business of the Executive Committee: 1) Each member of the Executive committee shall be entrusted with specific respect, the allocation of the subjects being made by the Chief Executive Member. The executive committee shall be collectively responsible for all executive orders issued in the name of the District Council in accordance with these Rules, whether such orders are authorized by an individual member of the Executive Committee on a matter pertaining to his subject or as a result of discussion at a meeting of the Executive Committee or otherwise. 2) One of the Members of the Executive Committee will be in charge of the District fund referred to in these Rules as the member-in-charge of the financial affairs of the District Council. 3) The duties and functions of such member-in-charge will be as follows:- a) he shall generally advise on all matters pertaining to all respect and expenditure of the District Council; b) he shall be responsible for all matters pertaining financial procedure and the application of the principles of sound finance; c) he shall prepare the Budget of the District Council and deal with all matters relating to Budget procedure and form and contents of financial statements; d) he shall be responsible for the “ways and means” position of the District fund; and e) he shall be responsible for proper audit and accounts pertaining to the District Council, follow up actions on the report of the controller and Auditor General of India. At present, an Executive Committee of the Chakma Autonomous District Council with a Chief Executive Member as the head, and seven other Executive Members, subject of the council have been entrusted to the Executive Member by the Chief Executive Member to look after the works of different departments as per entrustment of powers. An extract copy of Notification is reproduced below:- Notification: No.B.17012/3/92-DCA: the 22 nd September, 1993. In pursuance to the decision of the Council of Ministers Vide Memo No. J-11012/2/93-POL dated 21/9/93 regarding entrustment of powers to the Autonomous District Councils conferred under para 6(1) and (2) of the Sixth Schedule to the constitution of India as amended and in notification of Government Notification No.DCA/E-212/83/52 dated 28/8/86, the Governor of Mizoram is pleased to entrust the subject items under various department s of the Governments of Mizoram as enumerated in the list enclosed herewith as Annexure to the Three Autonomous District Councils, Viz; Lai, Mara and Chakma, on the same Terms and Conditions as in the Notification dated 20/8/86 cited above, with effect from 1994-95 Financial Year. The earlier entrustment made vide the above Notification will continue as it is till the end of 1993-94 Financial Year and with effect from 1994-95 Financial Year the said earlier entrustment noted above stands substituted by this entrustment of the subject under various Departments enumerated in the list as Annexure enclosed herewith with effect from 1994-95 Financial Year. Chapter Three : Annexure 1. Agriculture and Horticulture Department: a) Agriculture linked road b) Distribution of Planting materials / certified seeds. c) Procurement of machineries for 50% subsidy d) Implement and Tools e) Water pumping machineries. f) Land Development by manuals. g) Minor irrigation construction of field channels. 2. Fisheries Department: Grand-in-Aid to individual fish farmers for fish pond development 3. Public Health Engineering Department: • Rural sanitation • Spring source development • Public latrines / Urinal (Rural sanitation) 4. Industry Department: • Hand-loom and handicraft • Grand-in-Aid to individual for supply of tools and implements • Selection of SEE YOU Loaners. 5. Seri-Culture Department: • Grand-in-Aid to private rearers under promotion scheme. • Marketing-selling of cocoon to State Government. 6. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department: • Subsidy scheme on • Cattle development • Piggery • Potting and • Dispensary 7. Arts and Culture Department: • Grand-in-Aid to promotion of arts and culture. • District Library. • District museum • Assistance for publication. 8. Social Welfare Department: • Old age pension ( Plan and Non-plan ) • Assistance to voluntary organizations. • Pre-Schools • Welfare of handicap. • Welfare of poor and destitute. 9. Soil Conservation Department: • Implementation of terracing. • Plantation subsidy scheme. • Village grassing ground. 10. Local administration Department: • Urban development • All minor works of the department such as construction of the steps. • Culverts / Retaining wall etc. 11. Forest Department: The entire project taken by the forest department within Council area can be handed over to the District Council concern including all the assets and liabilities, if any. 12. Transport Department: It is agreed that separate Transport Department may be created by under District Council with effect from 1994-95 financial year. It is further decided that cause Transport Department of Mizoram may set aside the cost of one (1) Bus for each District Council including maintenance charges. It is also agreed and decided that the Government of Mizoram should try to obtain the procedure followed by the District Council of Assam etc. regarding the collection of Road tax, goods and passengers' tax etc. 13. Sport and Youth Service Department: It is agreed that the council may create sport and youth services department and requirement of fund for the purpose may be provided within their budget. Sport and Youth Department will provide requiring fund. 14. Co-operation Department: It is agreed that the council may create cooperative department as one of the department but technical subject will be considered later. 15. Public works Department: Creation/offering of District Council Public Work Department is agreed. The District Council will, however, have to strengthen their technical hands to cope with the works in accordance with PWD norms. The following works will be entrusted to the council. • Inter-village approach road to link up with the PWD roads. • Maintenance and improvement of satellite towns and village roads. 16. Education Department: • Primary School: - As for primary school, it is decided that from 1994-95 onwards, the Budget provision will be reflected in district council budget and education department will no longer include the same in the state budget. • Adult Education: - Adult education will be handed over the District Council. • Middle School: - Handing over of Middle School to District Council is agreed. However, examination will be continued under the examination board of the state. 17. Rural Development Department: • Rural communications. • Construction of community hall. • Rural housing. 18. Relief and Rehabilitation Department: It is agreed that Rs.1.00 lacs each be provided by the respective council for 1994-95 under non-plan. It is further agreed that finance department should set aside fund for this purpose. 19. DRDA AND ICDS. Regarding the handing over of DRDA including CD block) and ICDS, the Hon'ble Minister i/c District Council Affairs Department informed that the Government will seek clarification / permission from Central Government whether these to agencies can be handed over the District Council since they are Centrally Sponsored Programmes. 20. Waterways (Inland Water Transport): He need to have separate allocation of fund under water way (inland water transport) for the three District Councils is considered really important by the committee. The District Council Headquarters are disconnected by road transport in rainy season. The only way foodstuff and other essential commodities can be sent to the district council headquarters is through waterway transport. Since there is no budget provision for this also from 1994-95 the Government of Mizoram may provide fund for these to three District Councils. Chapter Four : Staff Position 1. At present, there are 486 staff under plan, 105 under non plan, 320 primary teachers and 365 middle teachers. All together there were 1276 offices and staff under the Mara autonomous District Council. 2. Secretariat of the District Council (Legislative Department): The District Council shall have its separate secretariat, consisting of a secretary at its head, who shall be appointed by the Chairman of the Council, and such other officials and staff as may be decided by the Chairman in consultation with the Executive Committee of the District Council. Provided that while fixing the strength of the secretariat of the District Council, if any extra or additional financial implication is found unavailable, then no such decision shall be taken without prior concurrence of the governor. 3. Conditions of Service of Officers & Staff of the District Councils Secretariat: Subject to the previous approval of the governor, the District Council may make rules regulating the conditions of service of officers and staff appointed to the secretariat of the District Council. Provided that while such rules have not been made by the District Council, the condition of service of such officers and staff of the district council shall be regulated by orders to be issued by the governor, and in the absence of such order, by the relevant rules applicable to Officers and Staff of the state government, subject to such restrictions or modification as the governor may direct in the case of a particular appointment or class or classes of appointment. 4. There shall be a secretary to the executive committee: Who shall be designated as the executive secretary and such other deputy and under secretary as may be determined by the executive committee, with prior approval of the Governor. 5. Executive Secretary: An Executive Secretary to the Executive Committee is the administration head of an Executive Department. He is the principal adviser of the Executive Members on all matters of policy and administration within his department, and his responsibility is complete and undivided. When the volume of the work in a Executive department exceeds unmanageable charge of an Executive Secretary one or more wings may be established with Additional secretary or Joint Secretary, in charge of each wing. Such a functionary is entrusted with the maximum measure of independent functioning and responsibility in respect of all business falling within his wing, subject, however, to the general responsibility of the Executive secretary for the administration of the wing as a whole. 6. Deputy Secretary: Deputy Secretary r who acts on behalf of the Executive Secretary. He holds charge of a Secretariat and is responsible for the disposal of Executive Committee business dealt within the Division under his charge. He should, ordinary, be able to dispose of majority of the cases coming up to him under his own responsibility. He should use his discretion in taking orders of the Joint Secretary / Executive Secretary on work important cases either orally or by submission of papers. 7. Under Secretary: Under Secretary is in charge of a Branch in an Executive department consisting of two or more sections and in respect thereto exercises control both in regard to the dispatch of business and maintenance of discipline. Work causes to him direct from the sections under his charge. As a Branch officer he disposes of as many as possible on his own responsibility, but he takes the orders of Dy. Secretary. or higher officers on important cases. 8. a. General duties: • Distribution of work among the staff as evenly as possible- that is one Assistant should not be overloaded which the other is idle; • Training, helping and advising the staff • Management and co-ordination of the work; • Maintenance of order and discipline in the section; • Maintenance of a list of residential addresses of the staff. b. Responsibility relating to Dak: • To go through the receipts; • To submit receipts which should be seen by the Branch officer or higher officers at the dak stage; • To keep a watch on my hold up in the movement of dak; and • To scrutinise the section diary once a week to know that it is being properly maintained. c. Responsibilities relating to issue of staffs: • To see that the draft is letter-perfect, i.e., all corrections have been made before it is marked for issue; • To indicate whether a clean copy of the draft is necessary; • To indicate the number of spare copies required; • To check whether all enclosures are attached; • To indicate priority marking; • To indicate under of dispatch. d. Responsibility for efficient and expedition's disposal of work and checks on delays: • To keep a note of important receipts with a view to watching the progress of action; • To ensure timely submission of arrears and other return; • To undertake inspection of Assistants, tables to ensure that no paper or file has been overlooked; • To ensure that cases are not hold up at any stage; • To go through the list of periodical returns every week and take suitable action on items requiring attention during next week. e. Independent disposal of cases: He/she should take independently action of the following types: - • issuing reminders; • obtaining or supplying factual information • any other action which a Section Officer is authorised to take independently f. Duties in respect of recording and indexing: • To approve the recording of files and their classification; • To review the recorded file before destruction; • To order and supervise periodic weeding of unwanted spare copies; g. Ensuring proper maintenance of reference books, office orders, etc. and keeping them up to date. h. Ensuring neatness and tidiness in the section. • Dealing with important and complicated cases himself i. Ensuring strict compliance with Departmental security Instruction. 9. Assistant/ Upper Division clerk: He/she works under the order and supervision of the department officer and is responsible for the work entrusted to him/her. Where the line of action on a case is clear or clear instructions have been given by the Branch officer/ department. Officer or higher officers, he should put up a draft without much noting. In other cases he will put up a note keeping in view the following points:- • to see whether all facts as are open to check have been correctly stated; • to point out any mistakes or mis-statements of the facts; • to draw attention where necessary to precedents or Rules and Regulations on the subject; • to put up the Guard File, it necessary, and supply other relevant facts and figures; • to bring out clearly the question under consideration and suggest a course of action whenever possible; 10. Private Secretary / Personal Assistant/ Stenographer: He should keep the officer free the worries of a routine nature by mailing correspondence, filing papers, making appointments, arranging meeting and collecting information. He/she should be skilled in human relations. An officer has to depend on his/her personal assistant for routine jobs so as to have more time to devote himself to the work in which he has specialized. The personal assistant should earn the trust of his officer for being entrusted with confidential and secret papers. He is the keeper of secrets on assistant to the boss. He should be popular with the persons who come in contact with his boss officially or who are helpful to his boss or who have dealings with the boss as professional men. Save of the more specify functions are enumerated below: • taking dictation in shorthand and its transcription in the best manner possible; • fixing up of appointments and if necessary cancelling them. • Screening the telephone calls and the visitors in a tactful manner. • Keeping an accurate list of engagements, meetings, etc. and reminding the officer sufficiently in advance for keeping them up. • Maintaining in proper order the papers required to be retaining by the officer. • Keeping a note of the movement of files, passed by his officer and other officers, if necessary. • Destroying by burning the stenographic record of the confidential and secret letters often they have been typed and issued. • Carrying out the corrections to the officers reference books. • Relieving the boss of much of his routine work and generally assisting him in such a manner as he may direct. Lower Division Clerk: Lower Division Clerk are ordinarily entrusted with work of routine nature, for example,- registration of Dak, maintenance of Section Diary, File Register, File movement register, Indexing and Recording, typing comparing, despatch, preparation of arrears and other statements, supervision of correction of reference books, and submission of routine and simple drafts etc. Chapter Five : Departments (1) A department is responsible for formulation of policies of the council in relation to business allocated to it and also for the execution and review of those policies. (2) For the efficient disposal of business allocated to it, a department is divided into wings divisions, branches & sections. (3) A department is normally headed by a secretary to the Executive Committee of the council who acts the administrative head of the department and principal adviser of the Executive Member on all matters of policy and administration within the department. (4) The work in a department is normally divided into wings with Additional secretary/joint secretary-in-charge of each wing. Such a functionary is normally vested with the maximum measure of independent functioning and responsibility in respect of the business falling within his wing, subject, however, to the overall responsibility of the Executive secretary for the administration of the department as a whole. (5) A wing normally comprises a number of divisions each functioning under the charge of an officer of the level of deputy secretary. A division may have several branches each under the change of an under secretary or equivalent officer. (6) A section in generally the lowest organizational unit in a department with a well-defined area of work. It normally consists of assistants and clerks supervised by a section officer. Initial handling of cases (including noting and drafting) is generally done by assistants and clerks who are also known as the dealing hands. (7) While the above represents the commonly adopted pattern of organization of a department, there are certain variations, the most notable among them being the superintendent system. In this system the work of a department at the lowest level is organized into district functional clerks each manned by two clerks functionaries of appropriate ranks, e.g., Under Secretary or section officer. Each desk functionary handles the cases himself and is provided adequate stenographic and clerical assistance. Department: - A Department is responsible for the formulation of policies of council within its sphere of responsibility as well as the execution and review of that policy. The secretariat functions of the different Department or Administrative departments with regard to their respective areas of activity may be described, in broader details as under:- * Assisting the Executive Member in policy making and its periodical review. * Forming legislation and rules and regulations. * Sectoral Planning and programme formulation * Budgeting and control of expenditure in respect of activities of Department; and * According or securing administrative and financial approval operational programmes and plans and their subsequent modifications. * Supervision and Control over the execution of policies and programmes by the Executive Department or field agencies and evaluation of the results. * Co-ordination and interpretation of policies, assisting other branches of the council and maintaining contact with state Administrations. * Initiating measures to develop greater personnel organizational competence both in the department and its executive agencies. * Assisting the Executive member in the discharge of his parliamentary responsibilities. Attached and subordinate officers: - (1) Where the execution of the policies of the Council requires decentralization of executive action and/or direction, department may have under it executive agencies called “Attached” and ‘Subordinate' offices. (2) Attached offices are generally responsible for providing executive direction required in the implementation of the policy laid down by the department to which they are attached. They also serve as respiratory of technical information and advice the department on technical aspects of questions dealt with by them. (3) Subordinate Officers generally function as filled establishments or as agencies responsible for the detailed execution of the policies of the Council. They function under the direction involved is not considerable, directly under a department. In the latter case, they assist the department concerned in handling technical matters in their respective fields of specialisation. Chapter Six : Mizoram District Council Fund Rules, 1996 1. All questions regarding pay & allowances (including Travelling Allowances) leave, joining time and addition to pay of Council employees, as also their conditions of service and other cognate matters will be regulated by such rules as may be laid down by the District Council with the previous approval of the Governor, provided that until the promulgation of a new set of rules for the purpose set forth above, the previous of the rules as adopted by the Government of Mizoram as amended from time to time together with the Government decisions thereon shall mutates mutandis apply in the case of all employees of the Council, provided further that the District Council may with the previous approval of the Governor, make such modifications of the rules Fundamental / Supplementary Rules and Government decisions as it deems fit proper in the matter of their application to the cases of Council employees copies of the order of the Council Authorising all such modification shall be submitted to the Accountant General (Audit) in duplicate. 2. The provisions of rule 137 of Mizoram District Council Fund Rules, 1996, do not apply to these council employees who may be appointed either under special agreements laying down their conditions of services or an deputation from the service of the Government of India or Government of Mizoram. • The District Council shall exercise the power of the State Government under the Fundamental Rules and supplementary Rules. • The District Council shall with the approval of the Governor, frame rules regulating the retirement benefits admissible, if any, to the Council employees. “Provided that until such Rules are made by the District Councils under this Rules, retirement benefits and ancillary matters relating to council employees shall be regulated by the relevant Rules applicable to officers and staff under the Government of Mizoram presently applied”. Early in March each year, a detailed statement of the permanent establishment on the 1st March shall be prepared in such form and such manner as prescribed in Appendix xix and kept on record in the council office. * A Register of Service Book shall be maintained in such forms and in such manner as prescribed in * Appendix xx and kept on record in the council office. (1) The Service Book should be taken up annually, say, in April or May for verification by the head of the office who after satisfying himself that the service of the council employees concerned are correctly recorded in each Service Book, should record in the service book the certificate in the following form over his Signature :- Service verified up to……….date……….from (the record from which the verification is made) (2) The head of the office in recording the annual certificate of verification should in case of any portion of service that cannot be verified from office records, distinctly state that for the excepted periods (naming than) a statement in writing by the council employee as well as a record of the evidence of his contemporaries, is attached to the book. (3) The head of the office should invariably record necessary particulars in regard to temporary and officiating Service. (4) When an officer is transferred from one office to another, the head of the office under whom he was originally employed shall record in the Service Book under his signature the result of the verification of service with reference to pay bills and acquaintance rolls, in respect of the whole period during which the officer was employed under him before forwarding the service book to the office where his services are transferred. (5) The term “Service Book” includes “Service Roll”. (6) The forms of service and Service Roll shall be prescribed by the Member-in-charge of Financial Affairs with reference to the forms in the State Government offices. (7) Service Books must be kept in the custody of the officer in which the council employees are serving and transferred with them from office to office. The Service Books should not be returned to the employees on retirement, resignation and discharge from service even in cases where he might be paid for it already. (8) Every Council employee shall be required to subscribe his signature against the entries made in his service Book once in a year and it is his duty to see that his service book is properly kept up and the entries made therein are correct. (9) Personal Certificates of character shall not, unless the council so directs, be entered in the service book, but if the council employee is reduced to a lower substantive appointment the case of the reduction should always be briefly stated, e.g., Reduced for efficiency, Reduced owing to revision of establishment; etc. (10) Every period of suspension from employment and every other interruption service shall be noted, with full details of its duration by an entry written across the page and attested by the Head of the office or other attesting officer Head of the Office should take efficient measure to see that the entries are made with regularity. (11) When a council employee is transferred, whether permanently or temporarily, from one office to another, the necessary entry of the nature of the transfer shall be made in the service book which after being duty verified to date and attested by the Head of office shall be transmitted to the Head of Office to which the council employee has been transferred, who thence forward the book maintained in his office. Chapter Seven : An erstwhile of Chakm Autonomous District Council and its Development When the Mizo District Council (now Mizoram State) was under the Assam state, there was no Chakma Autonomous District Council in Mizoram. After attainment of Mizo District Council as Union Territory in the year 1972, the Chakma Autonomous District Council (CADC) was set up under the provisions of article 244(2) read with the Sixth Scheduled to the Constitution of India was re-organised into three Autonomous Regional Councils, viz; Pawi, Lakher and Chakma by a notification issued by the Government of Mizoram on 2nd April, 1972 with the CADC Headquarters at Kamalanagar. In terms of the provisions of paragraph 20-B of the Sixth Schedule, Lakher Regional Council along with Pawi Regional Council and Chakma Regional Council was elevated to the status of Autonomous District Councils with effect from 29th April 1972 under the Mizoram District Councils (Miscellaneous provision) order 1972. Thus, the Lakher District Council, Pawi District Council and Chakma District Council came into existence and were re-named as the Mara Autonomous District Council and Lai autonomous District Council respectively from 1st May 1989 under a notification issued by the Government of Mizoram in May 1989. The Areas, population and strength of the Autonomous District Councils are as follows: Sl. No Particulars of area, population, No. of elected member and No. of nominated LADC MADC CADC 1 Area 1500 Sq. miles (approx) 1445 Sq. miles (approx) 907 Sq. miles (approx) 2 Population as per 1971 census 40,076 34,930 29,330 (34,526-2001) 3 Elected member as on 21-2-2000 23 19 13 4 Nominated member as on 21-2-2000 4 4 3 On the strength of the existing elected and nominated members of the three Autonomous District Councils as indicated above, amongst the members, Chairman and Deputy Chairman are elected by the members. The Chairman presides over the District Council Session hold office for five years unless the District Council are dissolved on some reasonable grounds. Each District Council has an Executive Committee consisting of one Chief Executive Member at the head and other Executive Members. All financial powers are exercised by the Executive Committee of the Council. In pursuance of paragraph 2 (6) of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India, the Mizoram Autonomous District Council (Constitution and Conduct of Business) Rules, 1974, was promulgated by the Administrator of Mizoram. In exercise of the power conferred by clause(h)of sub-paragraph 6 of paragraph 2 of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India, the Governor of Mizoram prepared the Lai, Mara and Chakma Autonomous District Councils (Group A, B, C&D Posts) Recruitment Rules, 1992 and these Rules came into effect from 3rd August, 1992. Chapter Eight : Implementation of Development Schemes/Programmes The Government of Mizoram observed that due to lack of proper road communications, the developmental activities in regard to land reclamation, link roads, etc. have not made desired progress in the Chhimtuipui District. Though these have been introductions of the Government from time to time those officers connected with developmental activities should frequency visit this area to watch and ensure completion of developmental works undertaken by their Departments Such visits are rare and as a result developmental works have suffered in Chhimtuipui District. During the periods of Mizoram Union territory the Autonomous District Councils in Mizoram are executing some Plan Schemes such as Inter Village path , water supply ,sanitation and arts and Culture and it is found that some additional items of works can more effectively be undertaken by active participation of local people through the District Council. By virtue of the powers conferred by sub-paragraph(2) of paragraph 6 of the Sixth-Schedule to the Constitution of India, the Government of Mizoram entrust functions in relation to Agriculture , Animal Husbandry , Community project, Social Welfare , Industries Forest and Soil Conservation to the District Councils with effect from 1st September, 1986, under Notification No. DCA/E-212/83/52 dated Aizawl, the 20th August, 1986. In pursuance of the decision of the Council of Ministers Vide Memo No. J.11012/2/93-POL date 21st September, 1993 regarding entrustment of powers to the Autonomous District Council conferred under para 6(1) and (2) of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India as amended and in modification of Government Notification No. DCA/E-212/83/52 date 20th August, 1986, the Governor of Mizoram entrust the subjects under various Departments of the Government of Mizoram to the three District Councils as indicated below under Notification No. B.17012/3/92-DCA dated the 22nd September 1993, Viz; • Agriculture and Horticulture .• Fisheries • Public Health & Engineering • Industry • Seri-culture • Animal Husbandry & Veterinary • Arts & Culture • Social Welfare • Soil Conservation • Local Administration • Environment & Forest • Transport • Sports & Youth Services • Co-operation • Public Works • Education (Primary & Middle) • Rural Development and • Waterways Welcome to Chakma Autonomous District Council (CADC) Introduction: The CADC is of one the three Autonomous District Councils within Mizoram covering 907 sq. miles of the south-western tip of Mizoram State of India. The inhabitants are mainly isolated from the rest of their countrymen geographically and in many ways due to mal-communications and transportations. Their neighbours are the Pawi - who are the inhabitants of another Pawi Autonomous District Council (PADC) are in the east; the Lunglei district in the north; Myanmar in the south and Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh in the West. Thus, she shares an international boundary with Myanmar for about 1000 km in the south and 5000 km in the west with CHT, Bangladesh. But, it is very sad to say that the majority 2/3 Chakma population still living outside the CADC and only minorities are enjoying council facilities. The whole CADC inhabited by the Chakmas is commonly called “Chakma or Chagma”. Amongst the Chakmas, they have two sub-groups known as Anokya Chakma and Tanchangya Chakma. But dialect, culture, etc. all are similar among the two sub-groups. There is no any conflict and problem in all respect among themselves. But very little group living inside the CADC called as “Lushai”. They are Christian by faith. By religion the Chakmas are cent percent Theravada Buddhist. Around 60,500 Chakmas are living in the CADC out of over 120, 000 in Mizoram. The rest of the Chakma population distributed under the three districts viz. Lunglei, Mamit and Champai Districts in the northern part of the CADC. Administrative Structure: Kamalanagar is the Headquarters of the CADC, situated on the southernmost fringe of the north-eastern region of India and is bordering Myanmar on the southern side and CHT, Bangladesh on the western side. It has a total population of 20,000 as per the 2001 census. Administratively, the CADC divided into two major blocks- Kamalanagar and Borapansuri. Kamalanagar block has 60 villages with a total population of about 45,000, largely comprising of the Chakmas and Tanchangyas and Borapansuri block is comprised of 18 villages having a population of about 20, 000 population lonely comprising of Chakmas. The minority Lushai are under the Kamalanagar block population about 500.
The CADC occupy the territory to the north-eastern side of the Toijhong (now Tuichang given by Mizo) river, which separates by the PADC and Lunglei district and the River Tega to the CHT, the international border in the west and the Arakan State of Myanmar in the south. In British India , the entire Mizoram was part of Cachar Hill district of Assam and later Lushei hills district, administered by Superintendent Lushei Hills. In independent India , after the Bordoloi Committee report in 1952, Mizoram became an autonomous district council in the Lushei hill area and the Pawi-Chakma-Lakher Regional Council was established in 1972. Subsequently, Mizoram became a Union Territory and the regional councils were split into three autonomous district councils. Thereafter, for about 20 years Mizoram was seriously affected by insurgency movement in the region, though the three regional council areas remained largely in favour of the Indian Union. In 1986, after the Laldenga accord, Mizoram became a State and these areas became autonomous district councils under the state. However, traditionally, the people of these areas have harboured a feeling of mistrust against the Lushai and they feel that they are marginalized and ignored. Location and Size: This is an exclusive page of information about CADC is the land for the Chakmas in Mizoram and living in Indo-Myanmar and CHT of Bangladesh international border. The area of the CADC covers about 907 Sq. miles (approx) in Mizoram. Its separated by River Thoijhong (now Tuichang given by Mizo) in the east; the Arakan State of Myanmar in the south, the Lunglei district in the north and the River Tega bordering with CHT in the west. The River Thoijhong started from Arakan State and flow in between PADC met to River Borgang. And the River Tega in the west to the CHT, the international border started from Arakan State of Myanmar and flows toward the north in between the CHT and CADC and joint to Borgang. Both rivers emerges at Bay of Bengal through Borgang. The River “Borgang” means “Big River”. In Chakma language “Bor or Dhanghor” means “Big” and “Gang” means “River”. But the Government of Bangladesh renamed its “Borgang into Karnapulli”. Jhum System:
once upon a time, a group of Chakma merchants went to River Tega for business purposes by small boat. At the time of their journey, the river Tega was full of water. Without any problem they arrived their destination and all the business goods has been sold in a month. In the means time, almost a month no rain was occurred. Because of no rain, there is no water in the river. River became dry, even their boat can not be moved, they stuck for many months. Whatever money they have all expended for their survive during their crucial time. Finally, the businessmen given the name of river is “Tega” which mean “Stuck”. In the River Tega, there are many Chakma historical evidence are located as “ Chandobi-ghat”, Huguduleya, Ugudoasuri, etc. The Chandobi-ghat is a bathing place of “Noaram and Chandobi” the famous ancient Chakma romantic story are entangle with them. There are also many small rivers,brooks and streams in every rugged valley. These rivers are abound with many varieties of fish of which the biggest is the cat fish. And also found prawn, crab, snake fish, etc. There are also many small rivers,brooks and streams in every rugged valley. Rivers like Borapansui, Silsuri, Ugudosuri, Jogonasuri, Ajasora, etc.
The climate normality made the land comfortable. Lying below the striking point of the Tropic of Cancer, the CADC is bestowed with a pleasant climate enjoying cool in summer and temperate winter. There is, therefore, no extreme variation of temperature throughout the year; the temperature averaging 18 degree C in winter 31 degree C in Summer. Due to the variation in altitudes and features, some places are subjected to tropical and sub-tropical climate whereas the rest has temperate and sub-temperate climate. Monsoon period which falls from May to September brings heavy rain with violent storm, average annual rainfall is 240.6 cm. During the monsoon season the rain water rushes down the hill sides causing landslides and soil erosion, and some rivers swell up with great concussion,while in winter they dry up quickly. Forest: Agriculture: Industries: Communication: Trade: Population: Religion: Theravada Buddhism is the dominant religion in CADC. Full percent of the population is Buddhist and different monasteries and temples of CADC are situated in every villages and town. The Buddhist organisation like Mizoram Buddhist Association, Young Men Buddhist Association of Mizoram, Poddhangtang, Patturuturu and Mizoram Bhikkhu Sangha, Navoday Buddha Vihar Samity and so on. Some important Buddhist Temple are Mahamuni Buddhist Temple (Kamalanagar), Jetavan Buddhist Temple (Borapansuri), etc. (Historical document: An engraved image of Lord Buddha, with those of dancing girls on either side, was found at a site near Mualcheng Village about 50 km from Lunglei town. The site also has another stone slab on which some human footmarks and a few implements like spearhead and Dao are engraved. The area is close to the CHT which was under which the Buddhist influence a few centuries ago. It is assumed that some visiting Buddhists from the CHT were responsible for the Buddha engraving). Government: Agriculture and Horticulture, Fisheries, Public Health & Engineering, Industry, Seri-culture, Animal Husbandry & Veterinary, Arts & Culture, Social Welfare, Soil Conservation, Local Administration Environment & Forest, Transport & Communication, Sports & Youth Services, Co-operative, Public Works, Education (Primary & Middle), Rural Development and Waterways. Education: Politics: Since creation of the CADC, Chakma people elected one Member of Legislative Assembly in Mizoram as their representative. Most prominent political leaders from Chakma peoples was Late Kisto Mohan Chakma, Father of CADC in Mizoram and others are Late Sneha Kumar Chakma, Late Medhi Chakma and Baneswar Chakma. In the CADC mostly ruled by the Congress since creation. But in the midst, Chakma National Party as “Chakma Jatio Parisad” founded in 1988 by Late Binod Basu Chakma, was ruled two interim. And at present ruling by the Mizo National Front as head by Mr. Rashik Mohan Chakma as a Chief Executive Member of CADC. Political Issues: The Chakmas of Mizoram demanding Greater Autonomous District Council as known “ Union Territory ” for Chakmas living in south-western parts of Mizoram. 1. UT status : The Lai (Pawi), Mara (Lakher) and Chakma communities of Mizoram have demanded Union Territory (UT) status by upgrading their existing three autonomous district councils in the southern-most corner of the North-east to accelerate the growth and development of the area and protect their socio-cultural and linguistic identities. Talking to The Sentinel here today, Lai, Mara and Chakma UT Demand Committee chairman Mr Hmunhre said that the political and economic resources of Mizoram are centred in and around Aizawl and Lunglei only, while the southern part of the State - the Lawngtlai and Saiha districts – have remained isolated and underdeveloped. “Successive governments in Mizoram have continued to ignore the need for building up developmental infrastructure, including roads, educational institutions, hospitals, etc. As a result, Lai, Mara and Chakmas, who constitute about one- sixth of the total population of the State, have faced discrimination in all walks of life”, he said. It may be recalled here that after Independence, Lushai (Mizo) Hills Autonomous District Council (1952) and Pawi-Lakher Autonomous Regional Council (April, 1953) were created under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution to fulfil the political and social aspirations of the ethnic groups. The North-east Areas Reorganization Act, 1971 elevated the status of the Mizo Autonomous District Council to that of a UT, while the erstwhile Pawi-Lakher Autonomous District Regional Council was bifurcated into Pawi (Lai), Lakher (Mara) and CADC within the Union Territory of Mizoram. Mr Hmunhre said that such a decision of the Union Government to elevate one district council to a Union Territory, while subjugating the other three autonomous district councils to it, was an injustice to the three tribes. Highlighting the present status of the three communities, Mr Hmunhre said that out of the total of 1,200 employees in the Mizoram Secretariat, there were only five Lai and three Mara employees, while there was no representation from the Chakma tribe. Similarly, in Mizoram Civil Service and Mizoram Police Service, the combined representation of these tribes was only 13.61 per cent and 4.83 per cent respectively. “During the period of 1979 to 2001, funds allotted to the three autonomous districts varied between 0.41 per cent to 3.70 per cent of the total State Budget. The World Bank and Centrally-funded projects are mainly concentrated in the northern part of Mizoram”, he said. A number of major projects, such as airport, hydro-electric power projects, State highways and major water supply schemes have been undertaken by the Mizoram Government, but not a single project has been allotted to the three council areas till date, the chairman alleged. “In another glaring act of trampling upon the rights of the minority communities, the Mizoram Legislative Assembly passed the Official Language Act in 1975 declaring Mizo as the official language, thus making it virtually impossible for candidates from the minority tribes to seek appointments in government departments,” Mr Hmunhre said. (Guwahati December 29, 2005) 2. Mizoram Chakma Welfare Committee has met Home Minister L.K. Advani and Law Minister Arun Jaitley to press their demand for creation of a Union Territory for the Chakmas of Mizoram by upgrading the CADC. Stating this, Committee Secretary General Surja Sen Chakma accused the Mizoram Government of continuing its policy of systematic discrimination by directing the Food and Civil Supplies Department and NGOs not to issue ration cards or birth certificates to persons not included in the electoral rolls. “The very fact that the Mizoram Government has abdicated its responsibility to non-State actors proves that these administrative measures are politically motivated to target the Chakmas”,he said. The Chakma representatives also met the secretary general of the National Human Rights Commission and requested the NHRC to ask the State Government to fully comply with its November 1995 directions to issue ration cards to those persons who were in possession of such cards issued earlier by the State. (North East News Agency, Oriental Times : Vol. 3 Issue 39-40,Feb. 22 – March 6, 2001)
they don't like its. They have own language and dialects. The Chakma were in early period known to the outside world under different tribal names such as Chakma, Changma, Chak, Dainak, Anokya, Tanchangya, Thek, Jumma, etc. They constitute a distinct tribal group lying in different regions and countries in the world. But all groups designate themselves as "Chakma". They called themselves “Chakma or Chagma” . The word Chakma is used as a generic term for the whole Chakma people around the world. And as such the different sub-groups or clans of the Chakmas who inhabit the entire perimeter of the present CADC of Mizoram, Tripura, Assam, West Bengal, Arunachal, Manipur, Nagalan and the CHT of Bangladesh, Arakan State of Myanmar, United States, Europe, Australia, Canada and whose culture,traditions, dialect, etc. being closely similar are commonly designated as Chakma. The generic term Chakma includes 32 territorial sub-groups or clans called “Ghoja and Ghutti”, like Borbua-Ghoja, Damei-Ghoja, Larma-Ghoja, Phema-Ghoja, Hammya-Ghoja nd “Ghutti” like Naaduktuk, Hangsuri, Firyabanga, etc. Population: The Chakmas are widely distributed but the greater number of them are found in the Jummaland of Bangladesh is about 600,000; 120,000 in Mizoram ( 60,500 in CADC); 45,000 in Tripura, 80,000 in Arunachal Pradesh, 35,000 in Assam, 2,000 in West Bengal, 25,000 in Myanmar, 3,000 in Europe, 100 in Canada, 40 in USA and 60 in Australia. According to 1998 census, population of CADC was 47,984, female 23,202, male 24,782. At present there are 50 villages, and 59 village councils within the CADC. The total population approximately 60,500. And 60 villages and 60 villages council outside the CADC in Mizoram.
Late Kisto Mohan Chakma, Tenth standard (Ex-Buddhist Monk & Ex-MLA) Shri Satya Priyo Dewan, Tenth standard (Ex-Buddhist Monk & Ex- MLA) Late Hari Kisto Chakma, Tenth standard (Ex-MLA) Late Mideya Chakma, Nine standard (Ex-MLA) Late Sneha Kumar Chakma, Nine standard (Ex-MLA, Ex-CEM) Late Jagat Mohan Chakma, Tenth standard Shri Banneswar Chakma, Tenth standard First batched educated: Mr. Surat Kumar Chakma (first Graduate) Mr. Binod Bihari Chakma (first Master) Bhante A. Paññājoti (first twelve standard from Buddhist monk community) Mr. Bini Moy Chakma (first Computer Engineer) Mr. Hira Bindu Chakma (first Civil Engineer) Mr. Nirupam Chakma (first Minister of State, Mizoram) Mrs. Sneha Deni Chakma (first woman elected member, CADC) Bhante A. Paññājoti (first political Buddhist monk) Mrs. Mallika Chakma (first Matriculate) Gazetted Officers: Mr. Nilo Baran Chakma (Ex-BDO) Mr. Nagendra Chakma, Deputy Commissioner Mr. S.P. Talukdar, State Public Officer Non-Gazetted Officers: Mr. Hara Prasad Chakma, Education Director Mr. Bini Moy Chakma, Computer Engineer Mr. Hira Bindu Chakma, Civil Engineer Mr. Dighombar Chakma, Education Director Mr. Hriday Kamal Chakma, Public Health Director
Mr. Manu Chakma (BSF) Mr. Kalo Baran Chakma (Assam Rifles) Late Laxmi Kumar Chakma (Assam Rifles) Mr. Makkalang Peda Chakma, (Assam Rifles)
1. Late Binod Basu Chakma (Ex-CEM, CJP) 2. Late Sneha Kumar Chakma (Ex-MLA, Ex-CEM, Congress) 3. Late Kisto Mohan Chakma (Ex-MLA, Congress) 4. Late Hari Kisto Chakma (EX-MLA, Congress) 5. Late Mideya Chakma (Ex-MLA, Congress) 6. Shri Satya Priyo Dewan (Ex-MLA, Congress) 7. Shri Banneswar Chakma (Congress ) 8. Shri Surjo Sen Chakma (Congress) 9. Mrs. Sneha Deni Chakma (Ex-MDC, BJP) 10. Late Medhi Chakma (Ex-Member, Mizo Union) 11. Late Jugendra Chakma (Congress) Political Leaders : Second Generation Shri Pulin Bayan Chakma (Ex-CEM,Congress) Shri Nilo Baran Chakma (Congress) Shri Adi Kanta Tanchangya (Ex-CEM, Congress) Shri Susil Kumar Chakma (Ex-EM, Congress) Shri Nirupam Chakma (Ex-Minister, Congress) Shri Nihar Kanti Chakma, MLA (Congress) Shri Alok Bikash Chakma, MLA (MNF) Shri Rashik Mohan Chakma, CEM (Ex-MLA, MNF) Shri Nil Muni Chakma (Ex-CEM, CJP) Spiritual Leaders: Ven. Bimalangkur Mahathero, Barapansuri, Late Chandravamsa Thero, Kamalanagar Late Suvadra Bhikkhu, Kamalanagar Bhante Anicca, Australia Ven. Jyotipala, Shillong, Meghalaya Ven. Kusalapriyo, Bodh-Gaya Ven. Priyodharsi, Tripuraghat Ven. Silapriyo, Bajeisora Ven. Nandavamsa, Kamalanagar Ven. Sumanajyoti, New Delhi Late Mettapalo, USA Chakma Villages inside the CADC: 1. Kamalanagar – I, 2. Kamalanagar -II, 3. Kamalanagar -III, 4. Udaltana, 5. Ajasora, 6. Lampuighat, 7. Bajeitlang, 8. Parva, 9. Damdev, 10. Borapansuri, 11. Sotapansuri, 12. Hugulduleya, 13. Silsuri, etc. Chakma villages outside the CADC: 1. Kojoisuri, 2. Madhyasora, 3. Tripuraghat, 4. Silhur, 5. Nunsuri-I, 6. Nunsuri-II, 7. Kamalabagan, 8. Bindyamachar, 9. Lamtai, 10. Tabalabagh, 11. Kalapani, 12. Balukyasuri, 13. Puankai, 14. Badnayaasora, 15. Devagiri, 16. Diblibagh, 17. Thoijhong, 18. Matrisora, 19. Hagu, 20. Samuksuri, 21. Ugudosuri, 22. Samuksuri, 23. Habulongsora, 24. Bogakuli, 25. Marapara-I, 26. Marpara-II, 27. Nava, 28. Silsuri, 29. Amsuri-I, 30. Amsuri-II, 31. Amsuri-III, etc. |
