• BOT 350 Resource Management and Conservation in Hawai'i (3) Management of native Hawaiian organisms and ecosystems with particular attention to strategies, planning, research, and management actions necessary to control alien influences and promote native species. Pre: college general biology. DB. W Focus.
  
  
• BOT 351 Inside Tropical Ecosystems (3) Ecology of tropical ecosystems; biodiversity and its values; energy flow, successional stages and nutrient cycles; approaches to conservation and resource management. Emphasis on Hawaiian ecosystems via field trips to study local examples. Pre: BOT 101 or BIOL 172; or consent. DB
  
  
• BOT 351L Inside Tropical Ecosystems (1) (1 3-hr Lab) Introduction to ecological methods and common plant species of Hawaiian marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Pre: consent. Co-requisite:BOT 351. DY
  
  
• BOT 399 Botanical Problems (V) Individualized directed research. Intended for upper divisionBOTany majors. Repeatable six times. Pre: BOT 101, BIOL 172, or consent.
  
  
• BOT 410 Plant Anatomy (3) Structure of vascular plants; origin and differentiation of tissues; relation of structure to function. Pre: BOT 201. Co-requisite: BOT 401L. Recommended: BOT 470. DB
  
  
• BOT 410L Plant Anatomy Lab (1) (1 3-hr Lab) Lab study of plant structure. Co-requisite:BOT 410. DY
  
  
• BOT 430 Mycology (2) Morphology, physiology, ecology of fungi; their identification. Pre:BOT 201, BIOL 172, or consent. DB
  
  
• BOT 430L Mycology Lab (2) (2 3-hr Lab) Laboratory to accompany 430. Pre: 430 (or concurrent) or consent. DY
  
  
• BOT 440 Advanced Ethnobotany (3) Advanced studies of plant uses in cultural contexts focusing upon impacts of plant-culture interactions in development of cultures, cultivars, medicinals, ethnoecologies, ethics, and intellectual property. Pre:BOT 105,BOT 461 and ANTH 200, or consent. DS
  
  
• BOT 442 Medical Ethnobotany (3) Survey and theory of plants used as medicines, cultural perspectives of herbal medicine, and the botanical/chemical basis of allopathic and naturopathic medicine. Pre:BOT 105 or consent. Recommended: CHEM 272 or BIOC 341. DS
  
  
• BOT 444 Ethnoecology & Conservation (3) Ecological implications of cultural uses of plants. Examines the biological basis for, and ecological effects of traditional and local resource management systems. Pre: one of 101, 105, 453, ANTH 200, BIOL 101, GEOG 328; or consent. DB. W Focus.
  
  
• BOT 446 Hawaiian Ethnobotany (3) (2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Methods and techniques of handling and identifying plant materials used by early Hawaiians and modern Hawaiians for house and canoe construction, clothing, household and fishing items, medicine, and food preparation. Reading, laboratory, and fieldwork. Pre: BOT 101 orBOT 105, ANTH 200 or ANTH 210, and consent. DS
  
  
• BOT 448 Cognitive Ethnobotany (3) Survey, methods and theory of the cognitive aspects of human interactions with plants and plant enviroments. Lecture/discussion and term paper. Pre: 440 and ANTH 210, and consent. DS
  
  
• BOT 449 Ethnobotany Practicum (V) Practical laboratory and/or field training experiences for a botanical career conducting ethnobotanical research. Repeatable up to 25 credits. Pre: 440 or consent.
  
  
• BOT 450 Natural History of Hawaiian Islands (3) (2 Lec, 1-hr Lab) Geography, geology, climatology, biotic environment of Pacific Basin and Hawaiian Islands; endemism and evolution in terrestrial and marine biota of islands. Pre: one semester of biological sciences at college level. (Cross-listed as ZOOL 450) DB. H Focus, W Focus (some sections).
  
  
• BOT 453 Plant Ecology & Environmental Measurements (4) (2 Lec, 2 3-hr Lab) Influence of natural environments on plant behavior (autecology). A field-oriented course to complement 454. Field trips. Should precede 454. Pre: one of BOT 101, BIOL 172, or ZOOL 101. DB, DY
  
  
• BOT 454 Vegetation Ecology (4) (2 Lec, 2 3-hr Lab) Analysis and synthesis of plant communities and ecosystems (synecology). Field trips to develop local examples. integrated with 453. Pre: one of BOT 101, BIOL 172, or ZOOL 101. Recommended: BOT 453. DB, DY
  
  
• BOT 456 Plant-Animal Interactions (3) Interdependence of plants and animals, emphasizing the influence of animals on plant fitness and evolution. Topics include pollination, fruit/seed dispersal, herbivory and ant-plant mutualisms. Pre: BIOL 265/265L or BOT 201/201L. DB
  
  
• BOT 461 Systematics of Vascular Plants (4) (2 Lec, 2 3-hr Lab) "Hands-on" experience with Hawai'i's unique tropical flora; emphasis on recognition and identification of vascular plant families and the principles and methodologies that define them; evolution of biodiversity. Pre 101 or college general biology. DB, DY
  
  
• BOT 462 Plant Evolution (3) Major events and principles; includes the blue-green algae and fungi. Pre: BOT 201 or BIOL 172. DB
  
  
•  (3) Integration of form and function from cellular to whole plant levels in processes from seed germination through photosynthesis, growth, and morphogenesis, to flowering and senescence. Pre: CHEM 152 and BIOL 171, or consent. Co-requisite: BOT 470L. (Cross-listed as TPSS 470) DB
  
  
• BOT 470L Principles of Plant Physiology Lab (1) (3-hr tab) Principles of experimentation in plant physiology, includes individual investigations. A-F only. Pre: consent. Co-requisite: BOT 470. (Cross-listed as TPSS 470L) DY
  
  
• BOT 480 Algal Diversity & Evolution (4) (3 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Principles of algal diversity, structure, and evolution. Identification of common Hawaiian algae. Pre: one of BOT 101, BIOL 172, MICR 351, ZOOL 101, or consent. DB DY
  
  
• BOT 498 [McClatchey]
  
  
• BOT 500 Master's Plant B/C Studies (1)
  
  
• BOT 601 Foundations of Current Botany I (2) Integrative discussion of fundamentals and recent breakthroughs in modules spanning the diversity of approaches and topics in modern botany.
  
  
• BOT 602 Foundations of Current Botany II (2) Integrative discussion of fundamentals and recent breakthroughs in modules spanning the diversity of approaches and topics in modern botany.
  
  
• BOT 606 Graduate Research Skills (2) (1 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Survey of major research areas in the botanical sciences with emphasis upon research opportunities in Hawaii and an overview of 1) skills needed by botanical researchers including writing scientific proposals, practicing ethical reasearch procedures, and collection of specimens, and 2) equipmentused by botanical researchers including computers, cameras, measuring and monitoring equipment, and global positioning systems.
  Lecture/discussion, Laboratory. Repeatable one time. Pre: graduate standing in biological science or approval.
  
  
• BOT 610 Botanical Seminar (1) Study and discussion of significant topics and problems in botany.  Repeatable 3 times.
  
  
• BOT 612 Advanced Botanical Problems (V) Investigation of any botanical problem; reading and laboratory work. Repeatable nine times. Pre: consent.
  
  
• BOT 620 Perspectives in Modern Botany (2) Lectures by distinguished visiting professor on contemporary botanical topics in the lecturer's area of expertise. No more than 6 credit hours may be counted toward the MS degree requirement.  Repeatable five times.
  
  
• BOT 640 Quantitative Ethnobotany (3) Modern ethnobotanical field research project design, executi on, data analysis, and documentation methods. Intended for students preparing to conduct field research studies.  Lecture/discussion, term paper. Pre: 105 and one of 201, 461, ANTH 200, or BIOL 172.
  
  
• BOT 644 Ethnoecological Methods (3) Field techniques for assessing the ecological effects of cultural uses of plants. Emphasis on documenting traditional and local patterns of plant use and measuring the effects on plant individuals, populations, communities, and landscapes. Pre: previous course work in anthropology or biology.
  
  
• BOT 650 Ecology Seminar (2) Literature reviews of concepts and methods in physiological and vegetation ecology. Repeatable three times. Pre: graduate standing; consent for well-prepared undergraduates.
  
  
• BOT 651 Invasion Biology (3) Theories, models, patterns, and predictive methods relating to the introduction, establishment, and spread of introduced organisms. Application of principles of invasion biology to conservation and natural resource management. Pre: one of 453, 456, 482, MICR 485, or ZOOL 439; and 462 or BIOL 375; or consent.
  
  
• BOT 652 Population Biology (3) Theory and applications of population biology; behavior of population models, as revealed by analytical methods and computer simulation; application to population problems such as endangered species; discussion fo classical and current literature in population biology. Pre: an upper-level ecology course and MATH 215 or MATH 241; or consent. (Cross-listed as ZOOL 652)
  
  
• BOT 654 Advances in Plant Ecology (2) A research-oriented course focusing on recent advances in all areas of plant ecology. Involves critical review of recent literature, independent research project, oral and written presentation of project results. Repeatable 3 times. Pre: consent.
  
  
• BOT 661 Hawaiian Vascular Plants (3) (2 lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Identification, systematics, evolution, and biogeography of native plants. Field trips. Pre: 461 or consent.
  
  
• BOT 662 Advanced Systematics (4) (2 Lec, 2 3-hr Lab) Combined lecture-lab oriented course in the application of molecular protocols used in systematics and population genetics studies; emphasis on data gathering, data analysis, and presentation of results. Recommended: 669. Pre: BIOL 402, MBBE 402, PEPS 402 (or concurrent), or BIOC 441 or BIOL 441 (or concurrent); or consent.
  
  
• BOT 668 Nomenclature & Practical Systematics (2) Modern issues of naming and classifying of organisms, with a botanical emphasis. Includes lectures, discussions, class projects, and field trips. A-F only. Pre: 461 (or equivalent) or consent.
  
  
• BOT 669 Molecular Systematics and Evolution (3) Molecular approaches to evolution, phylogenetics, and systematics. Basic use of chloroplast DNA, mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA, and electrophoresis. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, distance, and comparative methods. Recommended: 201. Pre: BIOL 275, BIOL 402, BIOC 441, MBBE 402, or PEPS 402; or consent.
  
  
• BOT 676 Environmental Physiology Seminar (2) Environmental stress; pollution; salinity, geobotany, and other interactions between the environment and plant processes. Current literature emphasized at multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary levels. Pre: graduate status in a biological science, geosciences, etc.; consent for well-prepared undergraduates.
  
  
• BOT 680 Marine Macrophytes Seminar (2) Discussion of current literature in physiological ecology, cellular and molecular adaptations to environmental factors by marine plants. Repeatable four times. Pre: 480.
  
  
• BOT 682 Physiological Ecology of Marine Plants (3) Discussion of current studies in morphological, physiological, cellular, and molecular adaptation to marine environments by macroalgae, phytoplankton, and seagrasses. A-F only. Pre: upper division ecology class recommended, 470 (or equivalent), 480 (or equivalent), or consent. Co-requisite: 682L.
  
  
• BOT 682L Physiological Ecology of Marine Plants Lab (1) Field and laboratory research techniques and projects in the physiological ecology of algae and seagrasses. A-F only. Pre: upper division ecology class recommended, 470L (or equivalent), 480 (or equivalent), or consent. Co-requisite: 682.
  
  
• BOT 690 Conservation Biology (3) Theories and concepts of ecology, evolution, and genetics for conservation of biological diversity. Topics will incude restoration ecology, management planning, laws and policies, biological invasions. Pre: 453, 462, ZOOL 439, 462 or ZOOL 480. (Cross-listed as ZOOL 690)
  
  
• BOT 699 Directed Research (V) Research preliminary to thesis or dissertation research. CR/NC only. Pre: consent of graduate committee.
  
  
• BOT 700 Thesis Research (V) Pre: candidacy for MS degree and approval of thesis proposal.
  
  
• BOT 750 Topics in Conservation Biology (V) Advanced topics in conservation and environmental biology. Repeatable three times. A-F only. Pre: consent. (Cross-listed as ZOOL 750)
  
  
• BOT 800 Dissertation Research (V) Pre: candidacy for PhD and approval of dissertation proposal.

Additional Botany Courses

The following courses are offered irregularly or are temporarily not offered due to changes in staffing.

• BOT 160 Campus Plants (2) Nontechnical course emphasizing recognition of the many interesting tropical plants seen on campus; origin, status in Hawai'i, and cultural and economic uses of campus plants. DB
  
  
• BOT 180 Plant Life in the Sea (4) (3 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Combined lecture-lab course to introduce common marine plants in Hawaiian costal areas via discussion of morphology, growth, ecological functions, and native/alien status. Field trips to observe plants in local habitats. DB
  
  
• BOT 455 Analysis of Biological Data (3) Application of computers to analysis of biological data; preparation and storage, report production, database analysis procedures, univariate and bivariate statistical analyses. Pre: BIOL 172 or consent.

• BOT 457 'Āina Mauliola: Hawaiian Ecosystems (3) Comprehensive analysis of of traditional and modern Hawaiian resource management practices. Rigorous overview of the dominant physical and biological processes from the uplands to the oceans in Hawai'i. Pre: BOT 105, HWST 107, and junior standing; or consent. (Cross-listed as HWST 458). E Focus, W Focus.
  
  
• BOT 458 Natural Resources Issues and Ethics (4) Overview of the history of land, resources and power in Hawai'i; players and processes influencing land and natural resources polocies today explored from Naitve Hawaiian and other viewpoints. Extensive use of case studies. Pre: BOT 457 or HWST 457. (Cross-listed as HWST 458). E Focus.
  
  
• BOT 459 Strategies in Hawaiian Resource Use (3) Analyzing diverse land and water use strategies of O`ahu, from traditional Hawaiian, scientific, and economic perspectives, through classroom and on-site lectures. Topics include traditional Hawaiian methods, modern development, threatened ecosystems, eco-tourism and scientific research. A-F only. Pre: BOT/HWST 457 (or concurrent) or consent. (Cross-listed as HWST 459). E Focus.
  
  
• BOT 460: Hui Konohiki Internship: Applied Hawaiian Resource Use (3) A "hands-on" internship in an environmental or resource management organization in Hawai'i. The experience will be broadened and supplemented by classroom lectures, discussion and analysis from traditional Hawaiian, scientific and economic perspectives. A-F only. Pre: BOT/HWST 457, BOT/HWST 458 (or co-requisite), BOT/HWST 459; or consent. Spring only. (Cross-listed as HWST 460). E Focus, O Focus, W Focus.
  
  
• BOT 492 Wildlife Ecology & Management in the Tropics (3) Practices from around the world that focuses on the tropics. Integrates across disciplines, considers how science based management interacts with world views and considers management plans that are scientifically rigorous but culturally sensitive. Pre: 351 or BIOL 265 and an upper level ecology course, or consent.
  
  
• BOT 621 Ecohydrology: Theory & Modeling (3) Vegetative response to hydrologic controls and nutrient cycles; quantitative linkages between hydrological dynamics and ecological patterns/processes. MatLab is used to develop and simulate ecohydrological models. Pre: college level calculus or consent.
  
  
• BOT 663 Plant Cytotaxonomy (2) (1 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Aspects of cytogenetics most relevant to vascular plant taxonomy. Emphasis on student participation and mastery of cytogenetic techniques. Pre: 461 or consent.