Tanya Martin's Applied Project

IV. Results



Research Question

How does a media specialist’s personality, reflected through his/her interpersonal skills, affect how school library media graduate students perceive the media specialist’s effectiveness as an instructional partner and leader?

Basics

Four participants sent me field experiences.

    • Three (A, C, & D) submitted very detailed, reflective field experiences.
    • One participant's (B's) field experience was much more concise and thus yielded less data.

The same four participants completed the KTS-II personality inventory pretending to be their host media specialists. Each participant had a slightly different result:

    • A - Guardian-Supervisor (ESTJ)
    • B - Idealist-Teacher (ENFJ)
    • C - Guardian-Inspector (ISTJ)
    • D - Idealist-Healer (INFP)

No participants' results yielded classification as an Artisan or a Rational (Keirsey's other two personality types).

In follow-up, the participants rated the accuracy of their host media specialists' personality descriptions on a scale of 1-5, with 1 being the least accurate and 5 being the most accurate:

    • A - 4
    • B - 3
    • C - 3
    • - 4

Coding

In examining my participants' field experiences and KTS-II results, I found and coded the following recurring themes related to interpersonal skills:

    • I -  traits/actions/beliefs/values/etc. as an individual
    • F - traits/etc. as a follower (or as an employee)
    • L - traits/etc. as a leader (or as a manager/supervisor)
    • T - traits/etc. as a teacher (or as a guide/counselor)
    • C - traits/etc. as a collaborator
    • G - traits/etc. as a member of a group (or community/organization)
    • S - traits/etc. in social situations

My next step was creating tables of tagged/coded data for each participant to summarize the recurring themes I found in the data.

Media Specialist A

Tag Key Ideas from Field Experience Key Ideas from KTS-II Results
(accuracy rated 4 out of 5)
I
  • planning
  • being flexible
  • keeping a fast pace
  • feeling satisfaction from fulfilling students' requests
  • conserving resources and being practical
  • maintaining order and following conventions
  • taking responsibilities seriously, prioritizing duties, and stressing when priorities shift
  • being credible and holding self to high standards
  • resisting change
F
  • following administrators' rules for making copies
  • using Building Leadership Team membership as an opportunity to represent media center interests to administrators
  • enjoying being part of a team
  • appreciating credible leadership for the good of the group
  • preferring clear-cut responsibilities and the training necessary to meet them
  • preferring predictability - schedules, order, and set procedures
  • following rules without questioning them
L
  • acting as Information Specialist to orient teachers to resources
  • leading in the "extra" capacity of morning broadcast director
  • being a member of BLT
  • delegating responsibility to media clerk
  • enjoying and excelling at leading others
  • accepting and delegating responsibility within a hierarchy
  • being perceived (sometimes) as "bossy"
T
  • teaching 4th grade students their rotating broadcast roles
  • creating rewards for AR point achievement
  • assisting students with book location, AR system, etc.
  • teaching reference lessons
  • dedicating different computers to different functions to help save students' time
  • managing off-task students by redirecting their attention
  • enjoying correcting and guiding people to help them achieve success
C
  • helping teachers find resources during lesson planning
  • assisting teachers with technological issues
  • having media clerk review assessments to get a second opinion from another perspective
  • preferring to work with people who pull their weight and hold others to a high standard
  • wanting others to see the need to work for the group's benefit
  • needing to be "on the same page"
  • feeling concern when others question authority
  • preferring hierarchical organization
G
  • realizing the impact of issues external to the media center, such as fire hazards, custodial services, administrative tasks, etc.
  • representing media program interests to the larger learning community at BLT meetings
  • meeting the needs of individual patrons, and thus, the larger community, by organizing resources to be more user-friendly, being flexible, and tailoring instruction
  • working hard to stabilize and create order and cohesion in the group/community
  • seeking belonging in the community
  • showing responsibility and loyalty
  • taking pride in being part of a community
  • putting individual needs aside to address the needs of others
  • working towards group/community goals
S [no data]
  • helping hold together social structures and maintain harmony, even in cases of conflict

Media Specialist B

Tag Key Ideas from Field Experience Key Ideas from KTS-II Results
(accuracy rated 3 out of 5)
I
  • planning for the day by going over calendar
  • seeking self-actualization, personal development
  • using words and ideas to pursue objectives
  • valuing balance, communication, benevolence, ethical treatment of and service to others
  • juggling eclectic interests
  • disliking detail in favor of the big picture
F
  • working on technology inventory as part of SLMS responsibilities
  • completing administrative and assigned tasks (paperwork, hall duty)
  • feeling rewarded when serving others and enabling harmonious relationships
  • caring deeply and eschewing official roles
  • going above the call of duty, and sometimes ignoring more mundane duties to attend to others that are more fulfilling
  • enjoying learning/training
  • rebelling against correction/direction
L
  • managing media center
  • delegating responsibilities to media clerk
  • thriving on helping others develop and learn
  • using words to lead others, encourage them, and invoke enthusiasm
  • enjoying one-to-one contact
  • enjoying leadership, but disliking hierarchy
  • correcting others indirectly to avoid conflict
  • seeming "bossy" or condescending
T
  • delegating read-alouds, reader's advisory to media clerk
  • valuing closeness, empowering others, and thriving on their growth and success
  • using metaphors/analogies to help others understand
  • meddling/wanting to solve others' problems
C
  • giving clerk collaborative responsibilities with teachers
  • showing sensitivity to needs of group members
  • communicating effectively with others
  • enjoying meetings and teamwork
  • preferring teams that accommodate others' unique needs rather than sacrificing individual goals for the group
G
  • completing technology inventory and managerial tasks for benefit of school/community
  • promoting harmony within the group
  • preferring less structured work environments/flat organizational structure
  • enjoying work that benefits the whole community
  • struggling to balance personal needs and the needs of the community
  • feeling the need to share the institution's values
  • disliking workplace competition, conformity, etc.
S [no data]
  • directing energy towards personal relationships and the needs of others
  • possessing "good interpersonal skills" and being well-liked by peers
  • enjoying talking with others during the work day
  • communicating well, even when opinions/views differ
  • being seen sometimes as bossy, condescending, meddling, and/or hypocritical

Media Specialist C

Tag Key Ideas from Field Experience Key Ideas from KTS-II Results
(accuracy rated 3 out of 5)
I
  • needing to be flexible
  • conserving resources and being practical, dependable, and detail-oriented
  • liking "alone time"
  • maintaining order and following conventions
  • holding self to high standards, but struggling with self-promotion
  • resisting change; needing predictability over variety
F
  • being given responsibility to manage other offices/spaces
  • appreciating having clear-cut responsibilities and standards/benchmarks, regular schedules, and established procedures/protocol/instructions
  • willing to conform and fit in hierarchy/chain of command, not questioning rules/roles (and sometimes over-emphasizing the need for rules/roles)
  • liking training and development and seeking leaders' support
L
  • giving participant tour of media center
  • willing to direct others within hierarchy and enjoying leadership when it benefits the group
  • being relied on by others
  • (sometimes) over-emphasizing rules
T
  • empowered students by giving them responsibilities and asking for student volunteers while teaching
  • integrating information literacy instruction with science curriculum
  • enjoying guiding and correcting others to help them successfully meet standards or expectations
C
  • having teachers sign up for times and indicate topics so SLMS can help them find resources and plan integrated instruction
  • enjoying teamwork when others meet their responsibilities
  • liking to be "on the same page" with others
  • holding others to high standards
  • enjoying working alone, one-on-one, or with small groups, but feeling uncomfortable in large groups
  • emphasizing rules and discounting the contributions of those who don't follow them
G
  • contributing to efficient management by helping with other spaces (work room, counseling space, news room, etc.) in the media center
  • setting up media center for other uses (student of the month reception)
  • establishing media center as a busy, bustling place with constant traffic
  • striving to establish stability, order, and routine within the community
  • seeking belonging within the community
  • showing responsibility and loyalty to the group
  • taking pride in responsibility for something larger than oneself
  • putting individual needs aside for the needs of the group
S [no data]
  • striving to maintain social cohesion
  • keeping personal disagreements from interfering with work performance

Media Specialist D

Tag Key Ideas from Field Experience Key Ideas from KTS-II Results
(accuracy rated 4 out of 5)
I
  • showing a sense of humor by making jokes
  • allowing noise in the media center
  • preferring Follett's visually appealing books
  • ordering Follett Bound books to maximize lifetime
  • double-checking books' popularity before deciding on number of copies
  • showing consideration of teachers' needs by providing snacks/treats at meetings
  • being one of "the nicest people at the school"
  • being flexible when scheduling and technology cause problems
  • seeking self-actualization and personal development, as well as striving to help others develop, even if it requires self-sacrifice
  • showing awareness of others' problems or needs
  • using words and ideas to communicate creatively and effectively
  • having a strong conscience/personal morality; worrying about consequences of actions
  • thinking about deeper meanings of things that might seem trivial to others
  • pursuing depth and quality over breadth and quantity; more interested in the big picture than in little details
  • striving for harmony and effective communication
  • developing personal relationships with those they work with
  • liking "alone time"
  • preparing ideas before sharing them with others
F
  • adjusting goals to include principal's request that every student complete a project involving technology
  • operating within personal morals and towards personal standards of quality rather than just meeting others' demands
  • being stressed by conformity and competition
  • feeling more comfortable working with others on an equal basis rather than leading or being lead
  • tending to over-commit to responsibilities
  • asking questions when others won't
  • disdaining workplace politics
L
  • allowing noise
  • leading groups of students and groups of teachers
  • making meetings worth teachers' time
  • giving pep talks
  • using "interpersonal savvy" to lead others effectively
  • using personal standards and morality to make decisions; serving as conscience of a group
  • feeling more comfortable working with others on an equal basis rather than leading or being lead
  • giving others freedom/"space" (sometimes to the point of seeming neglectful)
T
  • using Reference Challenge game and Jeopardy game to motivate students and help teach research skills; providing rewards
  • pointing out common mistakes
  • incorporating humor into teaching
  • integrating information literacy instruction into class/curricular plans
  • covering a lot of material in a short time
  • reviewing and encouraging
  • displaying flexibility
  • thriving on personal development and on helping others develop
  • valuing one-on-one contact
  • planning and preparing before presenting ideas
  • enjoying work that directly benefits others
C
  • collaborating with classroom teachers at different grade levels to integrate information literacy instruction into the regular curriculum
  • keeping a consideration file of teachers' book requests and emailing when requested books are on the way so planning can begin
  • asking for suggestions from the media committee and from teachers
  • working with media team to run worthwhile meetings
  • creating harmony within a group
  • preferring relationships and teamwork to a more structured, hierarchical work environment
  • paying attention to others' concerns and needs, and dealing with issues that others might overlook
  • enjoying talking with others and bouncing ideas off of them
G
  •  ordering books based on others' needs, including ordering more copies of popular books to keep up with demand and using book reviews as selection tools to choose quality titles
  • multitasking during book fair to get as much done as possible
  • setting up automatic test scoring to make AR more efficient
  • making meetings worthwhile for attending teachers
  • showing students how the entire learning community (teachers, principals, parents, etc.) is encouraging them
  • creating harmony and balance
  • attending to others' needs
  • working for objectives that reflect personal beliefs and morality
  • maintaining commitments to the community
  • being flexible and enjoying variety
  • disliking conformity and competition in a work environment
  • liking creative control
  • prefer alternating energetic involvement with periods of downtime
  • showing devotion and self-sacrifice
S
  • using humor
  • being considerate, "nice," and encouraging
  • thriving on harmonious personal relationships with others and helping meet others' needs
  • having strong communicative and interpersonal skills
  • enjoying social time talking with others
  • being respected for integrity
  • being seen as overreacting to small moral compromises
  • giving others "space" and freedom (sometimes to the point of seeming neglectful)

Word Frequencies 

My word frequency analysis of participants' field experiences yielded a list of "Top 9 Activities" for each host media specialist.

Media Specialist A - Top 9 Activities

    • Needing/Fulfilling Needs (words such as request, want, need, ask, purchase, etc.) - 27
    • Organizing (words such as schedule, review, check, code, etc.) - 26
    • Collaborating (words such as meet, discuss, relate, call, email, etc.) - 24
    • Finding (words such as locate, search, find, retrieve, etc.) - 16
    • Teaching/Modeling (words such as teach, show, demonstrate, display, etc.) - 16
    • Planning (words such as plan, prepare, rehearse, develop, etc.) - 14
    • Managing (words such as control, monitor, assign, proctor, etc.) - 13
    • Assisting (words such as help, assist, serve, provide, offer, etc.) - 12
    • Thinking (words such as think, consider, investigate, determine, etc.) - 12

Media Specialist B - Top 9 Activities

    • Working (words such as tackle, duty, work, make, time, etc.) - 11
    • Consuming (words such as get, spend, use, etc.) - 9
    • Organizing (words such as organize, count, inventory, check, etc.) - 8
    • Thinking (words such as think, notice, learn, wonder, etc.) - 8
    • Collaborating/Assisting (words such as collaborate, help, assist, etc.) - 6
    • Finding/Selecting (words such as look, find, choose, select, etc.) - 6
    • Feeling (words such as like, love, enjoy, enlighten, etc.) - 5
    • Managing (words such as manage, monitor, advise, etc.) - 4
    • Reading - 4

Media Specialist C - Top 9 Activities

    • Working (words such as work, move, walk, come, go, etc.) - 24
    • Organizing (words such as organize, schedule, cycle, time, post, etc.) - 16
    • Teaching (words such as teach, instruct, reinforce, tutor, etc.) - 10
    • Talking (words such as say, converse, comment, discuss, etc.) - 10
    • Finding (words such as look, find, etc.) - 10
    • Assessing (words such as grade, rate, check, etc.) - 9
    • Reading - 6
    • Assisting (words such as help, give, empower, etc.) - 6
    • Thinking (words such as think, learn, notice, etc.) - 6

Media Specialist D - Top 9 Activities

    • Needing/Fulfilling Needs (words such as need, ask, question, request, order, etc.) - 28
    • Teaching (words such as challenge, explain, introduce, review, practice, etc.) - 27
    • Assisting (words such as help, provide, give, share, cheer, etc.) - 19
    • Organizing (words such as list, inventory, file, post, process, divide, etc.) - 19
    • Collaborating (words such as collaborate, discuss, meet, talk, etc.) - 18
    • Creating (words such as create, make, design, prepare, plan, etc.) - 16
    • Thinking (words such as think, determine, learn, understand, know, etc.) - 14
    • Consuming (words such as use, spend, etc.) - 13
    • Working (words such as work, go, move, start, etc.) - 13

Summary

    • This mixed-methods study included qualitative and quantitative data from field experiences, KTS-II results, and follow-up questions.
    • Four participants provided each of these three data sources, with differing results.
    • I organized data based on participants, data type, common themes, and word frequencies.
    • Patterns/disparities in the data helped me see the host media specialists' perceived interpersonal skills, as seen through the eyes of my study participants.