Research QuestionHow does a media specialist’s personality, reflected through his/her interpersonal skills, affect how school library media graduate students perceive the media specialist’s effectiveness as an instructional partner and leader?
Basics
Four participants sent me field experiences.
- Three (A, C, & D) submitted very detailed, reflective field experiences.
- One participant's (B's) field experience was much more concise and thus yielded less data.
The same four participants completed the KTS-II personality inventory pretending to be their host media specialists. Each participant had a slightly different result:
- A - Guardian-Supervisor (ESTJ)
- B - Idealist-Teacher (ENFJ)
- C - Guardian-Inspector (ISTJ)
- D - Idealist-Healer (INFP)
No participants' results yielded classification as an Artisan or a Rational (Keirsey's other two personality types).
In follow-up, the participants rated the accuracy of their host media specialists' personality descriptions on a scale of 1-5, with 1 being the least accurate and 5 being the most accurate:
Coding
In examining my participants' field experiences and KTS-II results, I found and coded the following recurring themes related to interpersonal skills:
- I - traits/actions/beliefs/values/etc. as an individual
- F - traits/etc. as a follower (or as an employee)
- L - traits/etc. as a leader (or as a manager/supervisor)
- T - traits/etc. as a teacher (or as a guide/counselor)
- C - traits/etc. as a collaborator
- G - traits/etc. as a member of a group (or community/organization)
- S - traits/etc. in social situations
My next step was creating tables of tagged/coded data for each participant to summarize the recurring themes I found in the data.
Media Specialist A
| Tag |
Key Ideas from Field Experience |
Key Ideas from KTS-II Results
(accuracy rated 4 out of 5) |
| I |
- planning
- being flexible
- keeping a fast pace
- feeling satisfaction from fulfilling students' requests
|
- conserving resources and being practical
- maintaining order and following conventions
- taking responsibilities seriously, prioritizing duties, and stressing when priorities shift
- being credible and holding self to high standards
- resisting change
|
| F |
- following administrators' rules for making copies
- using Building Leadership Team membership as an opportunity to represent media center interests to administrators
|
- enjoying being part of a team
- appreciating credible leadership for the good of the group
- preferring clear-cut responsibilities and the training necessary to meet them
- preferring predictability - schedules, order, and set procedures
- following rules without questioning them
|
| L |
- acting as Information Specialist to orient teachers to resources
- leading in the "extra" capacity of morning broadcast director
- being a member of BLT
- delegating responsibility to media clerk
|
- enjoying and excelling at leading others
- accepting and delegating responsibility within a hierarchy
- being perceived (sometimes) as "bossy"
|
| T |
- teaching 4th grade students their rotating broadcast roles
- creating rewards for AR point achievement
- assisting students with book location, AR system, etc.
- teaching reference lessons
- dedicating different computers to different functions to help save students' time
- managing off-task students by redirecting their attention
|
- enjoying correcting and guiding people to help them achieve success
|
| C |
- helping teachers find resources during lesson planning
- assisting teachers with technological issues
- having media clerk review assessments to get a second opinion from another perspective
|
- preferring to work with people who pull their weight and hold others to a high standard
- wanting others to see the need to work for the group's benefit
- needing to be "on the same page"
- feeling concern when others question authority
- preferring hierarchical organization
|
| G |
- realizing the impact of issues external to the media center, such as fire hazards, custodial services, administrative tasks, etc.
- representing media program interests to the larger learning community at BLT meetings
- meeting the needs of individual patrons, and thus, the larger community, by organizing resources to be more user-friendly, being flexible, and tailoring instruction
|
- working hard to stabilize and create order and cohesion in the group/community
- seeking belonging in the community
- showing responsibility and loyalty
- taking pride in being part of a community
- putting individual needs aside to address the needs of others
- working towards group/community goals
|
| S |
[no data] |
- helping hold together social structures and maintain harmony, even in cases of conflict
|
Media Specialist B
| Tag |
Key Ideas from Field Experience |
Key Ideas from KTS-II Results
(accuracy rated 3 out of 5) |
| I |
- planning for the day by going over calendar
|
- seeking self-actualization, personal development
- using words and ideas to pursue objectives
- valuing balance, communication, benevolence, ethical treatment of and service to others
- juggling eclectic interests
- disliking detail in favor of the big picture
|
| F |
- working on technology inventory as part of SLMS responsibilities
- completing administrative and assigned tasks (paperwork, hall duty)
|
- feeling rewarded when serving others and enabling harmonious relationships
- caring deeply and eschewing official roles
- going above the call of duty, and sometimes ignoring more mundane duties to attend to others that are more fulfilling
- enjoying learning/training
- rebelling against correction/direction
|
| L |
- managing media center
- delegating responsibilities to media clerk
|
- thriving on helping others develop and learn
- using words to lead others, encourage them, and invoke enthusiasm
- enjoying one-to-one contact
- enjoying leadership, but disliking hierarchy
- correcting others indirectly to avoid conflict
- seeming "bossy" or condescending
|
| T |
- delegating read-alouds, reader's advisory to media clerk
|
- valuing closeness, empowering others, and thriving on their growth and success
- using metaphors/analogies to help others understand
- meddling/wanting to solve others' problems
|
| C |
- giving clerk collaborative responsibilities with teachers
|
- showing sensitivity to needs of group members
- communicating effectively with others
- enjoying meetings and teamwork
- preferring teams that accommodate others' unique needs rather than sacrificing individual goals for the group
|
| G |
- completing technology inventory and managerial tasks for benefit of school/community
|
- promoting harmony within the group
- preferring less structured work environments/flat organizational structure
- enjoying work that benefits the whole community
- struggling to balance personal needs and the needs of the community
- feeling the need to share the institution's values
- disliking workplace competition, conformity, etc.
|
| S |
[no data] |
- directing energy towards personal relationships and the needs of others
- possessing "good interpersonal skills" and being well-liked by peers
- enjoying talking with others during the work day
- communicating well, even when opinions/views differ
- being seen sometimes as bossy, condescending, meddling, and/or hypocritical
|
Media Specialist C
| Tag |
Key Ideas from Field Experience |
Key Ideas from KTS-II Results
(accuracy rated 3 out of 5) |
| I |
|
- conserving resources and being practical, dependable, and detail-oriented
- liking "alone time"
- maintaining order and following conventions
- holding self to high standards, but struggling with self-promotion
- resisting change; needing predictability over variety
|
| F |
- being given responsibility to manage other offices/spaces
|
- appreciating having clear-cut responsibilities and standards/benchmarks, regular schedules, and established procedures/protocol/instructions
- willing to conform and fit in hierarchy/chain of command, not questioning rules/roles (and sometimes over-emphasizing the need for rules/roles)
- liking training and development and seeking leaders' support
|
| L |
- giving participant tour of media center
|
- willing to direct others within hierarchy and enjoying leadership when it benefits the group
- being relied on by others
- (sometimes) over-emphasizing rules
|
| T |
- empowered students by giving them responsibilities and asking for student volunteers while teaching
- integrating information literacy instruction with science curriculum
|
- enjoying guiding and correcting others to help them successfully meet standards or expectations
|
| C |
- having teachers sign up for times and indicate topics so SLMS can help them find resources and plan integrated instruction
|
- enjoying teamwork when others meet their responsibilities
- liking to be "on the same page" with others
- holding others to high standards
- enjoying working alone, one-on-one, or with small groups, but feeling uncomfortable in large groups
- emphasizing rules and discounting the contributions of those who don't follow them
|
| G |
- contributing to efficient management by helping with other spaces (work room, counseling space, news room, etc.) in the media center
- setting up media center for other uses (student of the month reception)
- establishing media center as a busy, bustling place with constant traffic
|
- striving to establish stability, order, and routine within the community
- seeking belonging within the community
- showing responsibility and loyalty to the group
- taking pride in responsibility for something larger than oneself
- putting individual needs aside for the needs of the group
|
| S |
[no data] |
- striving to maintain social cohesion
- keeping personal disagreements from interfering with work performance
|
Media Specialist D
| Tag |
Key Ideas from Field Experience |
Key Ideas from KTS-II Results
(accuracy rated 4 out of 5) |
| I |
- showing a sense of humor by making jokes
- allowing noise in the media center
- preferring Follett's visually appealing books
- ordering Follett Bound books to maximize lifetime
- double-checking books' popularity before deciding on number of copies
- showing consideration of teachers' needs by providing snacks/treats at meetings
- being one of "the nicest people at the school"
- being flexible when scheduling and technology cause problems
|
- seeking self-actualization and personal development, as well as striving to help others develop, even if it requires self-sacrifice
- showing awareness of others' problems or needs
- using words and ideas to communicate creatively and effectively
- having a strong conscience/personal morality; worrying about consequences of actions
- thinking about deeper meanings of things that might seem trivial to others
- pursuing depth and quality over breadth and quantity; more interested in the big picture than in little details
- striving for harmony and effective communication
- developing personal relationships with those they work with
- liking "alone time"
- preparing ideas before sharing them with others
|
| F |
- adjusting goals to include principal's request that every student complete a project involving technology
|
- operating within personal morals and towards personal standards of quality rather than just meeting others' demands
- being stressed by conformity and competition
- feeling more comfortable working with others on an equal basis rather than leading or being lead
- tending to over-commit to responsibilities
- asking questions when others won't
- disdaining workplace politics
|
| L |
- allowing noise
- leading groups of students and groups of teachers
- making meetings worth teachers' time
- giving pep talks
|
- using "interpersonal savvy" to lead others effectively
- using personal standards and morality to make decisions; serving as conscience of a group
- feeling more comfortable working with others on an equal basis rather than leading or being lead
- giving others freedom/"space" (sometimes to the point of seeming neglectful)
|
| T |
- using Reference Challenge game and Jeopardy game to motivate students and help teach research skills; providing rewards
- pointing out common mistakes
- incorporating humor into teaching
- integrating information literacy instruction into class/curricular plans
- covering a lot of material in a short time
- reviewing and encouraging
- displaying flexibility
|
- thriving on personal development and on helping others develop
- valuing one-on-one contact
- planning and preparing before presenting ideas
- enjoying work that directly benefits others
|
| C |
- collaborating with classroom teachers at different grade levels to integrate information literacy instruction into the regular curriculum
- keeping a consideration file of teachers' book requests and emailing when requested books are on the way so planning can begin
- asking for suggestions from the media committee and from teachers
- working with media team to run worthwhile meetings
|
- creating harmony within a group
- preferring relationships and teamwork to a more structured, hierarchical work environment
- paying attention to others' concerns and needs, and dealing with issues that others might overlook
- enjoying talking with others and bouncing ideas off of them
|
| G |
- ordering books based on others' needs, including ordering more copies of popular books to keep up with demand and using book reviews as selection tools to choose quality titles
- multitasking during book fair to get as much done as possible
- setting up automatic test scoring to make AR more efficient
- making meetings worthwhile for attending teachers
- showing students how the entire learning community (teachers, principals, parents, etc.) is encouraging them
|
- creating harmony and balance
- attending to others' needs
- working for objectives that reflect personal beliefs and morality
- maintaining commitments to the community
- being flexible and enjoying variety
- disliking conformity and competition in a work environment
- liking creative control
- prefer alternating energetic involvement with periods of downtime
- showing devotion and self-sacrifice
|
| S |
- using humor
- being considerate, "nice," and encouraging
|
- thriving on harmonious personal relationships with others and helping meet others' needs
- having strong communicative and interpersonal skills
- enjoying social time talking with others
- being respected for integrity
- being seen as overreacting to small moral compromises
- giving others "space" and freedom (sometimes to the point of seeming neglectful)
|
Word Frequencies My word frequency analysis of participants' field experiences yielded a list of "Top 9 Activities" for each host media specialist.
Media Specialist A - Top 9 Activities
- Needing/Fulfilling Needs (words such as request, want, need, ask, purchase, etc.) - 27
- Organizing (words such as schedule, review, check, code, etc.) - 26
- Collaborating (words such as meet, discuss, relate, call, email, etc.) - 24
- Finding (words such as locate, search, find, retrieve, etc.) - 16
- Teaching/Modeling (words such as teach, show, demonstrate, display, etc.) - 16
- Planning (words such as plan, prepare, rehearse, develop, etc.) - 14
- Managing (words such as control, monitor, assign, proctor, etc.) - 13
- Assisting (words such as help, assist, serve, provide, offer, etc.) - 12
- Thinking (words such as think, consider, investigate, determine, etc.) - 12
Media Specialist B - Top 9 Activities
- Working (words such as tackle, duty, work, make, time, etc.) - 11
- Consuming (words such as get, spend, use, etc.) - 9
- Organizing (words such as organize, count, inventory, check, etc.) - 8
- Thinking (words such as think, notice, learn, wonder, etc.) - 8
- Collaborating/Assisting (words such as collaborate, help, assist, etc.) - 6
- Finding/Selecting (words such as look, find, choose, select, etc.) - 6
- Feeling (words such as like, love, enjoy, enlighten, etc.) - 5
- Managing (words such as manage, monitor, advise, etc.) - 4
- Reading - 4
Media Specialist C - Top 9 Activities
- Working (words such as work, move, walk, come, go, etc.) - 24
- Organizing (words such as organize, schedule, cycle, time, post, etc.) - 16
- Teaching (words such as teach, instruct, reinforce, tutor, etc.) - 10
- Talking (words such as say, converse, comment, discuss, etc.) - 10
- Finding (words such as look, find, etc.) - 10
- Assessing (words such as grade, rate, check, etc.) - 9
- Reading - 6
- Assisting (words such as help, give, empower, etc.) - 6
- Thinking (words such as think, learn, notice, etc.) - 6
Media Specialist D - Top 9 Activities
- Needing/Fulfilling Needs (words such as need, ask, question, request, order, etc.) - 28
- Teaching (words such as challenge, explain, introduce, review, practice, etc.) - 27
- Assisting (words such as help, provide, give, share, cheer, etc.) - 19
- Organizing (words such as list, inventory, file, post, process, divide, etc.) - 19
- Collaborating (words such as collaborate, discuss, meet, talk, etc.) - 18
- Creating (words such as create, make, design, prepare, plan, etc.) - 16
- Thinking (words such as think, determine, learn, understand, know, etc.) - 14
- Consuming (words such as use, spend, etc.) - 13
- Working (words such as work, go, move, start, etc.) - 13
Summary
- This mixed-methods study included qualitative and quantitative data from field experiences, KTS-II results, and follow-up questions.
- Four participants provided each of these three data sources, with differing results.
- I organized data based on participants, data type, common themes, and word frequencies.
- Patterns/disparities in the data helped me see the host media specialists' perceived interpersonal skills, as seen through the eyes of my study participants.
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