0_TOC

short TOC

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Acknowledgments

Preface

A Note to the Reader

I. Introduction to the Cell

1. Cells and Genomes

2. Cell Chemistry and Biosynthesis

3. Proteins

II. Basic Genetic Mechanisms

4. DNA and Chromosomes

5. DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

6. How Cells Read the Genome: From DNA to Protein

7. Control of Gene Expression

III. Methods

8. Manipulating Proteins, DNA, and RNA

9. Visualizing Cells

IV. Internal Organization of the Cell

10. Membrane Structure

11. Membrane Transport of Small Molecules and the Electrical Properties of Membranes

12. Intracellular Compartments and Protein Sorting

13. Intracellular Vesicular Traffic

14. Energy Conversion: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

15. Cell Communication

16. The Cytoskeleton

17. The Cell Cycle and Programmed Cell Death

18. The Mechanics of Cell Division

V. Cells in Their Social Context

19. Cell Junctions, Cell Adhesion, and the Extracellular Matrix

20. Germ Cells and Fertilization

21. Development of Multicellular Organisms

22. Histology: The Lives and Deaths of Cells in Tissues

23. Cancer

24. The Adaptive Immune System

25. Pathogens, Infection, and Innate Immunity

Glossary

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=mboc4.TOC&depth=10

Molecular Biology of the Cell

© 2002 by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and Peter Walter.

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Acknowledgments

Preface

A Note to the Reader

I. Introduction to the Cell

1. Cells and Genomes

The Universal Features of Cells on Earth

The Diversity of Genomes and the Tree of Life

Genetic Information in Eucaryotes

References

2. Cell Chemistry and Biosynthesis

The Chemical Components of a Cell

Catalysis and the Use of Energy by Cells

How Cells Obtain Energy from Food

References

3. Proteins

The Shape and Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

References

II. Basic Genetic Mechanisms

4. DNA and Chromosomes

The Structure and Function of DNA

Chromosomal DNA and Its Packaging in the Chromatin Fiber

The Global Structure of Chromosomes

References

5. DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

The Maintenance of DNA Sequences

DNA Replication Mechanisms

The Initiation and Completion of DNA Replication in Chromosomes

DNA Repair

General Recombination

Site-Specific Recombination

References

6. How Cells Read the Genome: From DNA to Protein

From DNA to RNA

From RNA to Protein

The RNA World and the Origins of Life

References

7. Control of Gene Expression

An Overview of Gene Control

DNA-Binding Motifs in Gene Regulatory Proteins

How Genetic Switches Work

The Molecular Genetic Mechanisms That Create Specialized Cell Types

Posttranscriptional Controls

How Genomes Evolve

References

III. Methods

8. Manipulating Proteins, DNA, and RNA

Isolating Cells and Growing Them in Culture

Fractionation of Cells

Isolating, Cloning, and Sequencing DNA

Analyzing Protein Structure and Function

Studying Gene Expression and Function

References

9. Visualizing Cells

Looking at the Structure of Cells in the Microscope

Visualizing Molecules in Living Cells

References

IV. Internal Organization of the Cell

10. Membrane Structure

The Lipid Bilayer

Membrane Proteins

References

11. Membrane Transport of Small Molecules and the Electrical Properties of Membranes

Principles of Membrane Transport

Carrier Proteins and Active Membrane Transport

Ion Channels and the Electrical Properties of Membranes

References

12. Intracellular Compartments and Protein Sorting

The Compartmentalization of Cells

The Transport of Molecules between the Nucleus and the Cytosol

The Transport of Proteins into Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Peroxisomes

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

References

13. Intracellular Vesicular Traffic

The Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Transport and the Maintenance of Compartmental Diversity

Transport from the ER through the Golgi Apparatus

Transport from the Trans Golgi Network to Lysosomes

Transport into the Cell from the Plasma Membrane: Endocytosis

Transport from the Trans Golgi Network to the Cell Exterior: Exocytosis

References

14. Energy Conversion: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

The Mitochondrion

Electron-Transport Chains and Their Proton Pumps

Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis

The Genetic Systems of Mitochondria and Plastids

The Evolution of Electron-Transport Chains

References

15. Cell Communication

General Principles of Cell Communication

Signaling through G-Protein-Linked Cell-Surface Receptors

Signaling through Enzyme-Linked Cell-Surface Receptors

Signaling Pathways That Depend on Regulated Proteolysis

Signaling in Plants

References

16. The Cytoskeleton

The Self-Assembly and Dynamic Structure of Cytoskeletal Filaments

How Cells Regulate Their Cytoskeletal Filaments

Molecular Motors

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Behavior

References

17. The Cell Cycle and Programmed Cell Death

An Overview of the Cell Cycle

Components of the Cell-Cycle Control System

Intracellular Control of Cell-Cycle Events

Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis)

Extracellular Control of Cell Division, Cell Growth, and Apoptosis

References

18. The Mechanics of Cell Division

An Overview of M Phase

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

References

V. Cells in Their Social Context

19. Cell Junctions, Cell Adhesion, and the Extracellular Matrix

Cell Junctions

Cell-Cell Adhesion

The Extracellular Matrix of Animals

Integrins

The Plant Cell Wall

References

20. Germ Cells and Fertilization

The Benefits of Sex

Meiosis

Primordial Germ Cells and Sex Determination in Mammals

Eggs

Sperm

Fertilization

References

21. Development of Multicellular Organisms

Universal Mechanisms of Animal Development

Caenorhabditis Elegans: Development from the Perspective of the Individual Cell

Drosophila and the Molecular Genetics of Pattern Formation: Genesis of the Body Plan

Homeotic Selector Genes and the Patterning of the Anteroposterior Axis

Organogenesis and the Patterning of Appendages

Cell Movements and the Shaping of the Vertebrate Body

The Mouse

Neural Development

Plant Development

References

22. Histology: The Lives and Deaths of Cells in Tissues

Epidermis and Its Renewal by Stem Cells

Sensory Epithelia

The Airways and the Gut

Blood Vessels and Endothelial Cells

Renewal by Multipotent Stem Cells: Blood Cell Formation

Genesis, Modulation, and Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle

Fibroblasts and Their Transformations: The Connective-Tissue Cell Family

Stem-Cell Engineering

References

23. Cancer

Cancer as a Microevolutionary Process

The Preventable Causes of Cancer

Finding the Cancer-Critical Genes

The Molecular Basis of Cancer-Cell Behavior

Cancer Treatment: Present and Future

References

24. The Adaptive Immune System

Lymphocytes and the Cellular Basis of Adaptive Immunity

B Cells and Antibodies

The Generation of Antibody Diversity

T Cells and MHC Proteins

Helper T Cells and Lymphocyte Activation

References

25. Pathogens, Infection, and Innate Immunity

Introduction to Pathogens

Cell Biology of Infection

Innate Immunity

References

Glossary