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Religion and Culture Unit Notes and Vocabulary

Unit Notes and Vocabulary for Religions and Ethnic Groups TEST on Wednesday, Sept. 30 

 

 
 

 Know ALL Chart

 

Judaism

Christianity

Islam

Followers are Called

Jews

Christians

Muslims

Person who Initiated

Abraham

Jesus

Mohammed

When started

(approx.)

VERY approximate:

2000 BC

(Approx.) 30 AD

622 AD

Where started

Where Israel is today

Jerusalem

Mecca

Monotheistic - Believe

in only one God

Yes, the world’s first

Yes

Yes

Name for God

Yahweh

God

Allah (means surrender)

Holy text

Torah, Tanakh (Talmud-not sacred)

Bible (Old and New Testaments)

Quran

(Hadith-not sacred) Sharia=Islamic Law)

Belief in prophets of

Old Testament/Torah

Yes, including Abraham, Moses, and others

Yes, including Abraham, Moses, and others

Yes, including Abraham, Moses, and others

Mohammad is FINAL prophet

Holy place (s)

Jerusalem

Jerusalem

Mecca, Jerusalem

Building for worship

Synagogue, temple

Church, cathedral

Mosque, masjid

Day of worship

Sabbath: sundown Fri through sundown Sat

Sunday

Every day, but gather at mosque for Friday prayers

Most

important holidays

Rosh Hashanah

Yom Kippur

Passover

Easter, Christmas

Ramadan

 (entire month)

The Hajj

Worship service leaders are called

Rabbi, Cantor

Pastor, Priest

Mullah, Imam

Branches/Groups within

1.       Orthodox (most strict interpretation of Torah)

2.      Conservative

3.      Reform

1.       Roman Catholic,

2.      Eastern Orthodox Groups

3.      Protestant Groups

 

1.  Sunni

2.      Shi’a or Shi’ite

Belief about Jesus

A religious teacher (only)

the Son of God

a prophet of God/Allah

Dietary restrictions

no pork, shellfish, no meat/dairy combination

Some fasting for Lent

No pork, no alcohol

Ramadan fasting

 
 
 
The division between Shia and Sunni dates back to the death of the Prophet Muhammad, and the question of who was to take over the leadership of the Muslim nation. Sunni Muslims agree with the position taken by many of the Prophet's companions, that the new leader should be elected from among those capable of the job.
Shia Muslims share the belief that leadership should have stayed within the Prophet's own family, among those specifically appointed by him, or among Imams appointed by God Himself. (Spelled Shi'a or Shi'ite)

Shia Muslims often view their Imams as saints and perform pilgrimages to their tombs and shrines in the hopes of divine intercession. Sunni Muslims counter that there is no basis in Islam for a hereditary privileged class of spiritual leaders, and certainly no basis for having saints. Sunni Muslims contend that leadership of the community is not by birth, but is a trust that is earned and which may be given or taken away by the people themselves.

Ethnic groups share many common characteristics, such as language, physical appearance, customs, and traditions. Religious groups share a common belief system, but are not necessarily composed of a single ethnic group. Ethnic groups and religious groups are not defined by political borders.

 

Arab Religions - Arabs are an ethnic group that exhibits religious diversity, though the vast majority of them are Sunni Muslims.

 

(The following mateial is evidence of the religious diversity, but you do not need to memorize it:  Most Arabs are Muslim (followers of Islam), but the majority of the world's Muslims live in South Asia, not the Middle East. Middle Eastern countries such as Lebanon and Syria are religiously diverse and are home to Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims, Christians and Roman Catholics, as well as Druze and Alawite communities, which are offshoots of Islam.

Lebanon has a large Christian population that includes Maronite and Melkite Catholics, and Greek and Armenian Orthodox communities. The country recognizes 18 different religions.

Perhaps as much as one tenth of Egyptians are Coptic Christians, a denomination founded in the early orthodox Christian church.)

 

Persians/Iranians - Persians are an ethnic group that exhibits religious diversity, though the vast majority of them are Shi'a Muslims.

(The following mateial is evidence of the religious diversity, but you do not need to memorize it:  Although the vast majority of Iranians are Shi'a Muslims, important religious minorities have always played an important role in Iranian life. Zoroastrians date back more than two thousand years ago. Iranian Jews claim to be the oldest continuous Jewish community in the world, dating back to the removal to Babylon. Armenians, an ancient Christian people, were imported by Iranian rulers for their artisanry, and Assyrian Christians have been continually resident in Iran since the third century.

Sunni Muslims are represented by Arab and Baluchi populations in the south and Turkish populations in the north and west. One religious group is homegrown. The Baha'i movement, a semi-mystical nineteenth-century departure from Shi'ia Islam, won converts not only from Islam, but also from Judaism, Zoroastrianism, and Christianity. Considered a heresy by many Shi'a Muslims, Baha'i has spread from Iran to virtually every nation on earth.)

 

Kurds (an ethnic grup)

The Kurds are a non-Arabic people who largely adhere to the Sunni Muslim faith. A people with their own language and culture, most Kurds live in the generally contiguous areas of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Armenia and Syria – a mountainous region of southwest Asia generally known as Kurdistan ("Land of the Kurds").

 

The Five Pillars of Islam

Pray 5 times per day facing Mecca

Make pilgrimage to Mecca at least once - Hajj

Ramadan fasting during daylight hours

Give to the poor - almsgiving

Make statement of faith at least once

monotheism – belief in only one god
covenant - the agreement between God and Abraham, in which God promised to protect Abraham’s people if they kept His law and were faithful to Him
pilgrimage - a journey, especially a long one, made to some sacred place as an act of religious devotion
ethnic group – a people who share the learned beliefs and practices of culture passed down through family such as language, religion, history, holiday traditions, customs, foods, etc. 
Ethnicities can be based on language, politics, religion and genealogy as well as culture.
religious group – all the people who are followers of a specific religion
prophet – a person to whom God has spoken
hajj – the religious pilgrimage of Muslims to Mecca