Butt Out!
A unit on cigarettes and tobacco products,
and the possible consequences of using them.
Unfortunately I have had to witness the ravages of cancer in more than one loved one throughout the course of my life. The majority of them were a direct result of tobacco products. I recently had the great honor of seeing Mr. Rick Stoddard address a group of grade sixth students. It was the second time I have had that privelage. his life story and personal tale of tragedy is both informative and moving. As a result of subsequent discussions with some of my students I have put togeteher this math "unit" which revolves around tobacco and the tobacco industry. The data used was gotten from the internet in the Spring of 2009. I have mentioned the sites that the data is from and encourage you to visit them.
You may find out more information about Rick Stoddard at: http://rickstoddard.com/
The following information is from: http://quitsmoking.about.com/od/tobaccostatistics/a/cancerstats.htm
Cancer Statistics
Smoking and Cancer -
Statistics the U.S.
By Terry Martin, About.com
When people think of cancers caused by smoking, the first one that comes to mind is always lung cancer. Most cases of lung cancer death, close to 90% in men, and 80% in women are caused by cigarette smoking. There are several other forms of cancer attributed to smoking as well, and they include cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, bladder, stomach, cervix, kidney and pancreas, and acute myeloid leukemia. The list of additives allowed in the manufacture of cigarettes consists of 599 possible ingredients. When burned, cigarette smoke contains over 4000 chemicals, with over 40 of them being known carcinogens.
- Cancer is the second leading cause of death and was among the first diseases causally linked to smoking.
- Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, and cigarette smoking causes most cases.
- Compared to nonsmokers, men who smoke are about 23 times more likely to develop lung cancer and women who smoke are about 13 times more likely. Smoking causes about 90% of lung cancer deaths in men and almost 80% in women.
- In 2003, an estimated 171,900 new cases of lung cancer occurred and approximately 157,200 people died from lung cancer.
- The 2004 Surgeon General's report adds more evidence to previous conclusions that smoking causes cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, lung and bladder.
- Cancer-causing agents (carcinogens) in tobacco smoke damage important genes that control the growth of cells, causing them to grow abnormally or to reproduce too rapidly.
- Cigarette smoking is a major cause of esophageal cancer in the United States. Reductions in smoking and smokeless tobacco use could prevent many of the approximately 12,300 new cases and 12,100 deaths from esophgeal cancer that occur annually.
- The combination of smoking and alcohol consumption causes most laryngeal cancer cases. In 2003, an estimated 3800 deaths occurred from laryngeal cancer.
- In 2003, an estimated 57,400 new cases of bladder cancer were diagnosed and an estimated 12,500 died from the disease.
- For smoking-attributable cancers, the risk generally increases with the number of cigarettes smoked and the number of years of smoking, and generally decreases after quitting completely.
- Smoking cigarettes that have a lower yield of tar does not substantially reduce the risk for lung cancer.
- Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing mouth cancers. This risk also increases among people who smoke pipes and cigars.
- Reductions in the number of people who smoke cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and other tobacco products or use smokeless tobacco could prevent most of the estimated 30,200 new cases and 7,800 deaths from oral cavity and pharynx cancers annually in the United States.
New cancers confirmed by this report:
- The 2004 Surgeon General's report newly identifies other cancers caused by smoking, including cancers of the stomach, cervix, kidney, and pancreas and acute myeloid leukemia.
- In 2003, an estimated 22,400 new cases of stomach cancer were diagnosed, and an estimated 12,100 deaths were expected to occur.
- Former smokers have lower rates of stomach cancer than those who continue to smoke.
- For women, the risk of cervical cancer increases with the duration of smoking.
- In 2003, an estimated 31,900 new cases of kidney cancer were diagnosed, and an estimated 11,900 people died from the disease.
- In 2003, an estimated 30,700 new cases of pancreatic cancer were diagnosed, attributing to 30,000 deaths. The median time from diagnosis to death from pancreatic cancer is about 3 months.
- In 2003, approximately 10,500 cases of acute myeloid leukemia were diagnosed in adults.
- Benzene is a known cause of acute myleoid leukemia, and cigarette smoke is a major source of benzene exposure. Among U.S. smokers, 90% of benzene exposures come from cigarettes.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion,
Office on Smoking and Health, 2004.
Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death and
has negative health impacts on people at all stages of life.
It harms unborn babies, infants, children, adolescents, adults, and seniors.
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Some more facts. Found at: http://quitsmoking.about.com/od/tobaccostatistics/a/healtheffects.htm
Smokers have a harder time healing from surgeries, and have more overall health issues than do nonsmokers. This results in more time away from work, and more doctor and hospital visits. Smoking compromises a person's health in so many ways. Below are just a few of them:
- Smokers are more likely to be absent from work than nonsmokers, and their illnesses last longer.
- Smokers tend to incur more medical costs, to see physicians more often in the outpatient setting, and to be admitted to the hospital more often and for longer periods than nonsmokers.
- Smokers have a lower survival rate after surgery compared to that of nonsmokers because of damage to the body's host defenses, delayed wound healing, and reduced immune response. Smokers are at greater risk for complications following surgery, including wound infections, postoperative pneumonia, and other respiratory complications.
- Periodontitis is a serious gum disease that can result in the loss of teeth and bone loss. Smoking is causally related to periodontitis. This may be because smoking affects the body's ability to fight infection and repair tissue.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004.
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In this unit we will be looking at several aspects of cigarettes, smoking, companies, advertising, and other statistics.
As of May 19, 2008: 641,207 kids have become regular smokers in 2008. 213,736 will die prematurely from their addiction. What percent of those kids will die? (Round to nearest tenth)
On February 4, 2009, Congress enacted, and President Obama signed into law, a 62-cent per pack increase in the federal cigarette tax. A) How much would a person now pay for a pack of cigarettes that previously would have cost $3.10? B) What percent increase is that?
As of May 2009 it was reported that 1200 people per day die from smoking related lung cancer. That is approximately 116% of the CSMS total population (kids and adults) EVERY DAY! What is the population of CSMS? (round to nearest whole number).
The Information for the following questions is based on information from: http://www.thetruth.com/facts/facts.cfm
“death”
Cigarettes kill over 50 people an hour. Using this statistic set up a proportion and solve it to determine how many people will die from cigarettes in one complete day.
Tobacco is expected to kill 1 billion people this century. That’s 10 times the toll it took in the 20th century. How many people were killed by tobacco in the previous century? Explain how you arrived at your answer.
About 90% of all lung cancer deaths among U.S. women smokers are caused by smoking. In a sample population of 1500 women who died from lung cancer how many were caused by smoking?
Tobacco companies’ products kill 36,000 people every month. That’s more lives thrown away than there are public garbage cans in NYC. Using this figure explain how would you determine how many would be killed per year. How many would be killed per year?
Tobacco kills over 20 times more people than murder. Using your answer from the previous question figure out how many people are murdered per year.
Secondhand smoke contains carbon monoxide. Smoking kills more than 9 times as many people per year as car accidents. Set up a proportion to show how many people would die from smoking today if the number that died in car accidents today was 110.
Every 6.5 seconds, someone in the world dies from a smoking-related disease. Using the formula 6.5x = 60, where x = the number of people that die in 1 minute from a smoking related disease, solve for x.
Today, in the U.S., tobacco products will kill about 1,200 people. How many people per hour would that be?
“The disease”
About one third of youth smokers will eventually die from a tobacco-related disease. In a sample of 120 smokers use fractions to determine how many will die from a tobacco-related disease.
Cigarette smokers are 20 times more likely to develop lung cancer than non-smokers. Write an expression with a variable representing this. Be sure to include a “let statement.”
“the money”
Every single day, in the U.S., the tobacco industry spends nearly $36 million on advertising and promotions. Using the formula 36 = 24h determine how many dollars are spent per hour.
A tobacco company once gave $125,000 worth of food to a charity, according to an estimate by The Wall Street Journal. Then, they spent well over $21 million telling people about it. What percent of $21 million was actually given to the food charity?
Every single day, in the U.S., the tobacco industry spends nearly $36 million on advertising and promotions. In 2002, U.S. consumers spent about $88.2 billion on tobacco products. The tobacco industry spent $13.11 billion in 2005 on advertising and promotions. How much profit did the cigarette company make after
FROM CNN JUNE 12,2009
Obama welcomes bill to regulate tobacco
- Story Highlights
- President Obama says he looks forward to signing tobacco bill
- House of Representatives approved the measure Friday 307-97
- The Senate on Thursday passed the Family Smoking and Tobacco Control Act
- Bill would give FDA power to regulate manufacturing, marketing, sale of tobacco
WASHINGTON (CNN) -- President Barack Obama said Friday he looked forward to signing a bill that would give the Food and Drug Administration power to regulate the manufacturing, marketing and sale of tobacco.
He said the bill was a "long time coming," and said he was pleased that the House of Representatives and Senate acted "swiftly" in passing it.
The Senate passed the bill on Thursday, and the House passed the Senate's version on Friday by a vote of 307-97.
The House had passed a similar measure in April, but needed to approve the Senate version, which passed Thursday.
The Senate passed the bill 79-17 Thursday, with most Senate opposition coming from tobacco-producing states, including Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. In a break from tradition, Virginia's two senators supported the proposal.
The legislation would give the FDA power to ban candy and fruit-flavored cigarettes, widely considered appealing to first-time smokers, including youths. It would prohibit tobacco companies from using terms such as "low tar," "light" or "mild," require larger warning labels on packages, and restrict advertising of tobacco products.
It also would require tobacco companies to reduce levels of nicotine in cigarettes.
Altria Group, which owns Philip Morris USA, the nation's biggest cigarette company, called the vote "an important step forward on this legislation."
But it expressed "First Amendment reservations about certain provisions, including those that could restrict a manufacturer's ability to communicate truthful information to adult consumers about tobacco products."
Phillip Morris makes such brands as Marlboro, Virginia Slims, Chesterfield and Basic.
There was no immediate response from R.J. Reynolds, which makes Camel, Kool, Winston and Salem cigarettes.
CNN's Deirdre Walsh contributed to this report.