Mission
The mission of the SEND Project is to develop
appropriate diagnostic systems to detect and bring about the eventual elimination of neglected tropical diseases in current low transmission regions. SEND recognizes the critical need for an integrative systems approach for disease elimination that relies upon more sensitive diagnostics, as well as information systems that can target areas for surveillance and other control activities. To demonstrate the approach, we are developing a solution for the neglected human parasitic disease, schistosomiasis in China.
Our work focuses on three aims:
- The development of information systems to track data in real-time to inform planning for disease elimination
- The development of new culturally appropriate diagnostic tools to detect low-level infection, which are of increasing importance as elimination is being reached.
- The development of social and environmental indicators of transmission risk, which need to be monitored to achieve elimination.
To address this need, a multi-disciplinary team of public health, electrical engineering, and bioengineering researchers are working to develop, deploy, and evaluate the impact of new technologies at field sites in the developing world.
Understanding the problem: Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis control in Sichuan, China presents a real-world case study for the SEND project. The province has reached transmission control status (low levels of human and snail infection), and is seeking to achieve sustainable control, and eventually elimination of this waterborne parasitic disease.
The lifecycle above represents the basic transmission process of how the parasite moves between snail and human (or other mamalian hosts) via the environment. This rather isolated view of the transmission cycle lacks broader ecosystem factors that drive this cycle, including intermediate population dynamics, water and sanitation resources, and human behavioral factors such as exposure and contamination processes. These processes in turn are related to regional and global processes, such as climate. Understanding how these factors relate to transmission, and tracking them as transmission indicators, can be extremely useful for disease elimination programming.
Translational research
The solutions developed for the SEND project are directly related to active research projects in health informatics, sensing, and point-of-care diagnostics. The project leverages over a decade of collaborative research on developing effective control policies for neglected tropical diseases through environmental and epidemiologic field studies. Our research is based on:
- Technologies appropriate to developing economies (open source and globally accessible technologies): e.g., Open MRS, Android-based devices.
- New epidemiologic findings from our project area: e.g., quantification of individual-level exposure, evaluation of parasite resistance to drug treatment.
- New diagnostic tools: e.g., assessing molecular markers of infection via highly sensitive assays
Working with local disease control agencies, we will evaluate innovations created in the SEND project. Our team has chosen a field site near Chengdu in Sichuan, China, where we are deploying SEND technologies. Already our team has conducted a literature review and is in the process of evaluating ecologic variables from this site that may serve as indicators of ongoing transmission. Additionally, we are in the process of developing an elimination planning tool -- an open source system for tracking disease incidence and changing ecologic variables.
This project is supported by a grant from the Blum Center for Developing Economies.