 Lithium Therapy The discovery of the calming effect of lithium on the symptoms of bipolar disorder, especially on mania, was accidental. Although it is still not completely comprehended how lithium works, it is assumed that the metallic element affects the synaptic activity in neurons. Lithium also increases the activity of key proteins and other chemicals operating in certain neurons which helps the functioning and health of those cells. It is also possible that lithium may reduce bipolar symptoms by changing the potassium and sodium ion activity in neurons.
The symptoms of more than 60% of patients with mania have fewer episodes while taking this medication. Lithium also works for depression even though the degree of effectiveness is reduced, and so it is considered to be a drug that helps prevent the development of symptoms, or a prophylactic drug. It is more effective when combined with antidepressants, which complement lithium’s reduced effects of depression. The determination of the correct lithium dosage can be complicated because blood, urine and other laboratory tests must be analyzed on regular basis in order to avoid lithium intoxication, which can cause dizziness, nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, sluggishness, kidney dysfunction, seizure, and even death. Adjunctive Psychotherapy Though psychotherapy alone is not an effective treatment for bipolar disorders, research shows that it may be effective as an adjunct treatment with lithium therapy. By using individual, group, or family therapy, clinicians can help patients understand the need of lithium treatment and to encourage them to continue taking it despite some of its problematic side-effects. This therapy also helps to reduce relapse and to help prevent the chance of patient suicide. In family therapy, the family of the patient is also educated about the disorder so that they can provide for the patient during episodes. Psychotherapy may also help patients to maintain the stable jobs and relationships. Psychotherapy seems to be most effective in treating cyclothymic disorder, the mild form of bipolar disorder. |