What is Ultimate Reality? : That which is before and beyond (transcending) the reality of the world we perceive with our senses. That which is the ground, basis and/or origin of reality as we know it. The underlying (immanent) essence of reality. That which remains when all else is gone. That which is eternal, unchanging and all pervading.Theism generally refers to a belief about some sort of personal deity or deities (i.e., a god or gods who has the qualities of a person e.g., freewill, intention, emotions, desires, gender, etc.). Theism can take any of a number of forms: Pantheism: "God" is the name for the unity of the cosmos taken as a whole. God is everywhere at all times. All things and beings are modes, attributes, or appearances of one single reality or being. God is totally immanent (in the physical world) not transcendent (above and beyond the physical world). (ex: Shinto, Wicca) The subtle difference: Pantheism might say: "The tree is god" while Panentheism would say: "God is in the tree" Having human traits but to act or work divinely Goddesses and gods Mother goddess: a mother Goddess is all in compassing all knowing and all loving with a great many skills . She guides her children, angles, spirits, and animals to do good works out of love in this world and all worlds to fight the good fight with us never giving up, but not by her self but with the help of her loving caring mate Father God All names for her: geart mother/high mother /goddess of all/ the goddess/triple goddess//the mother/the maidin/the crone/ mother earth/ mother nature/Sedna/Selu/Blue Corn Woman and White Corn Maiden/Three SistersWhite/painted Mother / the mother of Child of the Water/White Buffalo Calf Woman /Chalchiuhtlicue / Chicomecoatl /Coatlicue/Xochiquetzal/ Ma-Ku /Kuan Yin /Aphrodite /Athena /Demeter / Gaea/ Hera/Hestia/Eos/Isis /Hathor/Nephthys/Nut/Pele /Hiiaka/ Danu/Brigit/The Irish goddess/Caillech/Ixchel/Ixtab/Freyja/ Frigg/ Hel /Norns/ Ereshkigal/ Inanna/ Ninhursag/ Abeona Mons /Abeona, Roman /. Akna Montes/Akna, Mayan /. Aleksota Mons /Aleksota, Lithuanian /Anala Mons/Anala (Hindu/Api Mons /Api, Scythian /. Atai Mons /Atai, Efik (Ghana) / Atanua Mons / Atanua, /Marquesas Islands. Atira Mons /Atira, Pawnee /. Atsyrkhus Mons/Atsyrkhus/Awenhai Mons /Mohawk/Iroquois/Bagbartu Mons /Bagbartu (Urartian), / Bécuma Mons/Celtic),/Bunzi Mons /Bunzi /. Chloris Mons/Chloris, Chuginadak Mons Chuginadak (Aleut Inuit), \. Cipactli Mons /Cipactli, Aztec/. Ciuacoatl Mons /Ciuacoatl, . Cotis Mons /. Danu Montes /Danu (Celtic), /. Dzalarhons Mons /Dzalarhons/Haida/. Egle Mons /Egle, Lithuanian /Eostre (Germanic/. Erzulie Mons /Erzulie (Haitian), /Fand Mons /Fand (Celtic),/Faravari Mons /Faravari (Malagasy), '/. Freyja Montes/ Freyja, /. Furki Mons /. Gauri Mons/Gauri (Hindu), /. Gula Mons /Babylonian), /Gurshi Mons /Gurshi (Buryat), /.Gwen Mons/. Hallgerda Mons/hesta/ / Hallgerda (Norse),/. Hathor Mons / Hathor (Egyptian),/Idunn Mons /Idun, Norse /Ilithyia Mons /Ilithyia, Greek/.Innini Mons /Innini, Babylonian / Irnini Mons /Irnini, Assyro-Babylonian /. Iseghey Mons /Iseghey /Ixtab,/Jael (Hebrew), /. Kali Mons /Kali (Hindu), /Katl-Imi Mons /Katl-Imi, Khanty/Kokyanwuti Mons / Kokyanwuti (/Kshumay (Nurestan, Afghanistan),/. Kunapipi Mons /Kunapipi (Australian aborigine), /. Kurukulla Mons /Kurukulla (Tibetan), ;/. Lahar Mons /Lahar, / Laka Mons/Laka (Hawaiian), /. Lamashtu Mons/Lamashtu (Sumerian),/. Lanig Mons/) Lanig /. Loo-Wit Mons /Loowit ./ Ludjatako Mons /. Maat Mons/Maàt (Egyptian), /. Maxwell Montes/James Clerk Maxwell, /). Mbokomu Mons/. Melia Mons/. Mem Loimis Mons/Mielikki Mons ./ Milda Mons/ Mokosha Mons/ Muhongo Mons /. Muta Mons/. Nahas-tsan Mons /. Nayunuwi Montes / Nepthys Mons/Ninisinna Mons/. Nokomis Montes /. Nyx Mons /Ozza Mons /. Pahto Mons Polik-mana Mons /Ptesanwi Mons /. Rakapila Mons/. Renpet Mons /. Rhea Mons /. Rhpisunt Mons /. Sakwap-mana Mons /Samodiva Mons/. Sapas Mons/ . Sekmet Mons /. Sephira Mons /. Seshat Mons /Shala Mons /. Siduri Mons /. Sif Mons ./ Skadi Mons./ Somagalags Montes/. Spandarmat MonsTefnut Mons/. Tepev Mons/. Thallo Mons/Theia Mons /. Toma Mons /. Ts'an Nu Mons/. Tuli Mons/. Tuulikki Mons /Tuzandi . Ua-ogrere Mons/Uretsete Mons /. Ushas Mons /. Uti Hiata Mons/.Vesta/ Var Mons/. Venilia Mons/. Vostrukha Mons/. Waka Mons/. Wyrd Mons /Xochiquetzal Mons /. Xtoh Mons / Yolkai-Estsan Mons / Yunya-mana Mons /. Zaltu Mons 2. Father God: a father God is all in compassing all knowing and all loving with a great many skills he guides his children, angles, spirits, and animals to do good works with respect in all nature kind .To see all that is good in the world .made of and from him and his wife with pure love, understanding, and knowledge. All names of him: Lord god/ father of all/ god/father god/god of creation/ goibniu/ great father/ lugh/ math mathonwy/ niamh/ nuada/ Adonis/ ahsonnutli/ ahura mazdah/ amun/an/ anubis/ ashtur/ avalokitesvara/ awonawilona/ baal/ bagadjimbiribalder/ batara gurubobbi-bobbi/ bor/buddhachuku/ dada/ Dionysus/ el/enki/enlil/ ganesa/ ghede/ Gu/ hanuman/ heimdal/ Hephaestus/hinun/ horus/ inari/indra/inti/itzamna/ izanagi/janus/ Jupiter/kaang/ kane/ krishina/kuanyin/ kunt/ legba/leza/loa/mahavira/mrduk/ mawu-liza/ min/mithra/mulungu/ninurta/ ntoro/ nun/Napi/ ngewo/ odin/ ogun/o-kuni-nushi/ osiris/ptah/Quetzalcoatl/rangi/re/ruhanga./sekhmet/ seapis/shennong/shiva/sin/surya/susanowo/ at’aroa/ taru/tengri/ Tezcatlipoca/ tirawa/tp-kabinana/ vahagn/unkulunulu/ vasishtha/viracocha/Vishnu/wele/ xipetotec/yama/zeus All other goddesses or gods would be denmi or son and daughters of them or angles and other worldly beings. DruidA druid was a member of the priestly and learned class active in Gaul, and perhaps in Celtic culture more generally, during the final centuries BCE. They were suppressed by the Roman government from the 1st century CE and disappeared from the written record by the 2nd century, although there may have been later survivals in Britain and Ireland, since druids feature prominently in Irish mythology.[1] Little contemporary evidence for them exists, and thus little can be said of them with assurance, Most of what is known about them comes from the Roman writers. They may have combined the duties of priest, judge, scholar, and teacher.[2] The core points of druidic doctrine known to us from Roman sources is their belief in metempsychosis, and their practice of human sacrifice. Their reported reverence for various aspects of the natural world, such as the ritual of oak and mistletoe described by Pliny the Elder, has also been associated with animism.[3] The earliest record of the name druidae (Δρυΐδαι) is reported from a lost work of the Greek doxographer Sotion of Alexandria (early second 2nd BCE), who was cited by Diogenes Laertius in the 3rd century CE.[4] Modern attempts at reconstructing, reinventing or reimagining the practices of the druids in the wake of Celtic revivalism are known as Neo-druidism. TrainingPomponius Mela[8] is the first author who says that the druids' instruction was secret, and was carried on in caves and forests. Druidic lore consisted of a large number of verses learned by heart, and Caesar remarked that it could take up to twenty years to complete the course of study. There is no historic evidence during the period when Druidism was flourishing to suggest that Druids were other than male.[9] What was taught to Druid novices anywhere is conjecture: of the druids' oral literature, not one certifiably ancient verse is known to have survived, even in translation. All instruction was communicated orally, but for ordinary purposes, Caesar reports,[10] the Gauls had a written language in which they used Greek characters. In this he probably draws on earlier writers; by the time of Caesar, Gaulish inscriptions had moved from the Greek script to the Latin script. As a result of this prohibition — and of the decline of Gaulish in favour of Latin — no druidic documents, if there ever were any, have survived. Ritual and sacrificeRoman writers regularly discuss the practice of human sacrifice. Gruesome reports of druidic practices appear in Latin histories and poetry, including Lucan, Caesar, Suetonius and Cicero[11] Human sacrifice was the reason why druidism, unlike other national religions within the empire, was outlawed under Tiberius. Diodorus Siculus asserts, on unnamed sources, that a sacrifice acceptable to the Celtic gods had to be attended by a druid, for they were the intermediaries. He also claims that before a battle they often threw themselves between two armies to bring about peace. Diodorus remarks upon the importance of prophets in druidic ritual: "These men predict the future by observing the flight and calls of birds and by the sacrifice of holy animals: all orders of society are in their power... and in very important matters they prepare a human victim, plunging a dagger into his chest; by observing the way his limbs convulse as he falls and the gushing of his blood, they are able to read the future." Archaeological excavations at Ribemont in Picardy, France and at Gournay-sur-Aronde carried out by Jean-Louis Brunaux in the late 1990s were interpreted by Brunaux as human sacrifices, but the British archaeologist Martin Brown has suggested that these might be war memorials honouring the dead for their courage.[12] At a bog in Lindow, Cheshire, England was discovered a body, designated the "Lindow Man", which may also have been the victim of a druidic ritual, but it is just as likely that he was an executed criminal or a victim of violent crime.[13] The body is now on display at the British Museum, London.
Dryads or grove women (Δρυάδες, sing.: Δρυάς) are tree nymphs in Greek mythology. In Greek drys signifies 'oak,' from an Indo-European root *derew(o)- 'tree' or 'wood'. Thus dryads are specifically the nymphs of oak trees, though the term has come to be used for all tree nymphs in general. "Such deities are very much overshadowed by the divine figures defined through poetry and cult," Walter Burkert remarked of Greek nature deities (Burkert 1986, p174). They were normally considered to be very shy creatures, except around the goddess Artemis, who was known to be a friend to most nymphs.[1]
Link to Celtic DruidsPhillip Freeman, a classics professor, discusses a later reference to Dryades, which he translates as Druidesses, writing that "The fourth century A.D. collection of imperial biographies known as the Historia Augusta contains three short passages involving Gaulish women called "Dryades" ("Druidesses")." He points out that "In all of these, the women may not be direct heirs of the Druids who were supposedly wiped out by the Romans—but in any case they do show that the druidic function of prophesy continued among the natives in Roman Gaul."[5]  Tuatha Dé DanannFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
For the Brazilian metal band, see Tuatha de Danann (band).
For the Irish musical group, see De Dannan.
"Áes dána" redirects here. For other uses, see Aes Dana.
The Tuatha Dé Danann ("peoples of the goddess Danu", Modern Irish pronunciation: /t̪ˠuːəhə dʲeː d̪ˠan̪ˠən̪ˠ/, Old Irish: /tuːaθa ðʲeː ðaNaN/) are a race of people in Irish mythology. In the invasions tradition which begins with the Lebor Gabála Érenn, they are the fifth group to settle Ireland, conquering the island from the Fir Bolg. They are thought to derive from the pre-Christian gods of Ireland. When the surviving stories were written, Ireland had been Christian for centuries, and the Tuatha Dé were represented as mortal kings and heroes of the distant past, but there are many clues to their former divine status. A poem in the Book of Leinster lists many of the Tuatha Dé, but ends "Although [the author] enumerates them, he does not worship them." Goibniu, Creidhne and Luchta are referred to as Trí Dé Dána ("three gods of craftsmanship"), and the Dagda's name is interpreted in medieval texts as "the good god." Even after they are displaced as the rulers of Ireland, characters such as Lugh, the Morrígan, Aengus and Manannan appear in stories set centuries later, showing all the signs of immortality. They also have many parallels across the Celtic world: Nuada is cognate with the British god Nodens; Lugh is a reflex of the pan-Celtic deity Lugus; Tuireann is related to the Gaulish Taranis; Ogma to Ogmios; the Badb to Catubodua.
[edit] NameThe translation of Tuatha Dé Danann as "peoples of the goddess Danu" is necessarily imprecise. Old Irish tuath (plural tuatha) means "people, tribe, nation"; and dé is the genitive case of día, "god, goddess, supernatural being, object of worship"[1] (they are often referred to simply as the Tuatha Dé, a phrase also used to refer to the Israelites in early Irish Christian texts).[2] Danann is also a genitive, for which the nominative case is not attested. It has been reconstructed as Danu, which by analogy with Anu is taken to be a female name. The name of the river Danube is believed to be Celtic in origin, and Celtic river deities are usually female; and Hindu mythology has a water-goddess called Danu, who may be an Indo-European parallel. However, this reconstruction is not universally accepted.[3] It is also written Donann and Domnann,[4] which may link them with the Fir Domnann ("men of the Domnainn"), a people associated with the Fir Bolg in myth,[5] who are historically attested in Connacht and may be related to the British Dumnonii.[6] The Danaan Greeks of Homer's Iliad are not known to be connected to the Tuatha Dé Danann. The spelling "Danaan" is a Latinate anglicisation of the Greek Δαναοί (Danaoi) and its similarity to "Danann" is most likely coincidental. [edit] Legendary historyThe Tuatha Dé Danann were descended from Nemed, leader of a previous wave of inhabitants of Ireland. They came from four northern cities, Falias, Gorias, Murias and Finias, where they acquired their occult skills and attributes. They arrived in Ireland, on or about May 1 (the date of the festival of Beltaine), on dark clouds, although later versions rationalise this by saying they burned their ships to prevent retreat, and the "clouds" were the smoke produced. Led by their king, Nuada, they fought the First Battle of Magh Tuiredh (Moytura), on the west coast, in which they defeated and displaced the native Fir Bolg, who then inhabited Ireland. In the battle, Nuada lost an arm to their champion, Sreng. Since he was no longer perfect, he could not continue as king and was replaced by the half-Fomorian Bres, who turned out to be a tyrant. The physician Dian Cecht replaced Nuada's arm with a working silver one and he was reinstated as king. However, Dian Cecht's son Miach was dissatisfied with the replacement so he recited the spell, "ault fri halt dí 7 féith fri féth" (joint to joint of it and sinew to sinew), which caused flesh to grow over the silver prosthesis over the course of nine days and nights.[7][8] However, in a fit of jealous rage Dian Cecht slew his own son. Because of Nuada's restoration as leader, Bres complained to his family and his father, Balor, king of the Fomorians. The Tuatha Dé Danann then fought the Second Battle of Magh Tuiredh against the Fomorians. Nuada was killed by the Fomorian king Balor's poisonous eye, but Balor was killed himself by Lugh, the champion of the Tuatha Dé, who took over as king. A third battle was fought against a subsequent wave of invaders, the Milesians, from the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (present day Galicia and Northern Portugal), descendants of Míl Espáine (who are thought to represent the Goidelic Celts). The Milesians encountered three goddesses of the Tuatha Dé Danann, Ériu, Banba and Fodla, who asked that the island be named after them; Ériu is the origin of the modern name Éire, and Banba and Fodla are still sometimes used as poetic names for Ireland. Their three husbands, Mac Cuill, Mac Cecht and Mac Gréine, who were kings of the Tuatha Dé Danann at that time, asked for a truce of three days, during which the Milesians would lie at anchor nine waves' distance from the shore. The Milesians complied, but the Tuatha Dé Danann created a magical storm in an attempt to drive them away. The Milesian poet Amergin calmed the sea with his verse, before his people landed and defeated the Tuatha Dé Danann at Tailtiu. When Amergin was called upon to divide the land between the Tuatha Dé Danann and his own people, he cleverly allotted the portion above ground to the Milesians and the portion underground to the Tuatha Dé Danann. The Tuatha Dé Danann were led underground into the Sidhe mounds by The Dagda. The Tuatha Dé Danann fought against the witch Carman and her three sons. They are said to have brought chariots and druidry to Ireland.
[edit] The Four Treasures of the Tuatha Dé DanannThe Tuatha Dé Danann brought four magical treasures with them to Ireland, one apiece from their Four Cities:
[edit] Tuatha Dé Danann High Kings of IrelandThe following is a chronology from the Annals of the Four Masters; based on reign-lengths given in Seathrún Céitinn's Forus Feasa ar Erinn. Nuada's original reign is discounted due to the lack of a precise start date.
[edit] Tuatha Dé Danann family treeThe following table is based on the genealogies given by Seathrún Céitinn and in the Lebor Gabála Érenn, and references in Cath Maige Tuireadh. It is not clear whether the various Elathas and Delbáeths are meant to be different figures of the same name or different traditions regarding the genealogy of the same figure. It is also notable that Fomorians such as Elatha and Balor are closely related to the Tuatha Dé. Agnoman of Scythia | Nemed | Iarbonel Faidh | Beothach | Iobáth | Enna | Tabarn | Tat ____________________________________|__________________________________ | | Allai Indai | __________________________|__________________________ | | | Orda Nét Elatha | ____________________|______________________________________________ | | | | | | Etarlám Esar Brec Delbáeth Dot Bres | | | | | | | | Eochaid Dian Cecht Elatha Balor | | | | | ___________|___________ _________________|______________________ | Nuada | | | | | | | | | | | (Elcmar) Cu Cethen Cian Miach Airmed Dagda Fiacha Delbáeth Ogma Allód Ethniu (Nechtan) | | | | | (Lir) _____|____ | | _____________|____________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Etarlám Nemain Bec-Felmas Lug Cermait Aengus Bodb Midir Brigid Boann Delbáeth Manannan | | | (Tuireann) | | _________|_________ ______________________|__________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ernmas Abean MacCuill MacCecht MacGréine Fiacha Brian Iuchar Iucharba Danand Goibniu Credne Luchta Ollam |__________________ | | | | | Ériu = Badb | Aoi Banba = Macha | Fódla = Mórrígan = Anu Other members of the Tuatha Dé Danann include:
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