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MD Health Education Learning Outcomes
Science‎ > ‎

Science Skills & Processes

Standard 1.0 Skills and Processes

Students will demonstrate the thinking and acting inherent in the practice of science.

Topic

A. Constructing Knowledge

Indicator

  • 1. Gather and question data from many different forms of scientific investigations which include reviewing appropriate print resources, observing what things are like or what is happening somewhere, collecting specimens for analysis, and doing experiments.
Objectives:
       a. Support investigative findings with data found in books, articles, and databases, and identify the sources used and expect others to do the same.
       b. and use appropriate tools hand lens or microscope (magnifiers), centimeter ruler (length), spring scale (weight), balance (mass), Celsius thermometer (temperature), graduated cylinder (liquid volume), and stopwatch (elapsed time) to augment observations of objects, events, and processes.
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c. Explain that comparisons of data might not be fair because some conditions are not kept the same.
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d. Recognize that the results of scientific investigations are seldom exactly the same, and when the differences are large, it is important to try to figure out why.  
e.Follow directions carefully and keep accurate records of one's work in order to compare data gathered.
f. Identify possible reasons for differences in results from investigations including unexpected differences in the methods used or in the circumstances in which the investigation is carried out, and sometimes just because of uncertainties in observations.
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g. Judge whether measurements and computations of quantities are reasonable in a familiar context by comparing them to typical values when measured to the nearest:
                        -Millimeter - length
                        -Square centimeter - area
                        -Milliliter - volume 
                        -Newton - weight 
                        -Gram - mass 
                        -Second - time 
                        -Degree C - temperature
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Topic

B. Applying Evidence and Reasoning

Indicator

  • 1. Seek better reasons for believing something than "Everybody knows that..." or "I just know" and discount such reasons when given by others.
Objectives:  
a. Develop explanations using knowledge possessed and evidence from observations, reliable print resources, and investigations.
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b.Offer reasons for their findings and consider reasons suggested by others
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 c. Review different explanations for the same set of observations and make more observations to resolve the differences. 
d. Keep a notebook that describes observations made, carefully distinguishes actual observations from ideas and speculations about what was observed, and is understandable weeks or months later.

Topic

C. Communicating Scientific Information

Indicator

  • 1. Recognize that clear communication is an essential part of doing science because it enables scientists to inform others about their work, expose their ideas to criticism by other scientists, and stay informed about scientific discoveries around the world.
Objectives  
a. Make use of and analyze models, such as tables and graphs to summarize and interpret data.
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b.Avoid choosing and reporting only the data that show what is expected by the person doing the choosing.  
c. Submit work to the critique of others which involves discussing findings, posing questions, and challenging statements to clarify ideas.  
d.Construct and share reasonable explanations for questions asked.
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e. Recognize that doing science involves many different kinds of work and engages men and women of all ages and backgrounds.