If you're looking at building a new home or renovating the one you have, you can green it up with any or all of these...
Roofing MaterialsThese are available in recycled rubber and polymers that similar to slate. These are lower maintenance and lighter than conventional roofing.
Recycled Glass and Concrete
Using these materials mixed together gives your counter top or shower surround or even floors a beautiful but durable finish. Concrete is of course a fairly heavy material so make sure its well supported.
Carpet
Choose a 100% recycled fiber carpet.
LumberAvoid old growth and scarce tropical hardwoods. Look for wood from managed forests (think:
Forest Stewardship Council seal). Also try reclaimed wood from old buildings or riverbeds. Composites are also worthwhile if they are formaldehyde free. Composites are basically made from sawdust and glue.
InsulationCellulose insulation is made from plant fibers or recycled newspaper. It can easily be blown in tight spaces and insulates better than fiberglass. Cellulose does not itch like fiberglass although caution should be taken because of the dust it can create. A simple HEPA mask will cure that issue though. Check out
Green Fiber for a sampling of products and to look for dealers.
FlooringTrue linoleum is a fantastic option since its made from linseed oil, pine rosins, and wood flour on jute. Beware though, as some people refer to other flooring as linoleum when it is in fact made from polyvinyl chloride which has a toxic side to it. Also try to use wool or sisal carpeting.
Structural Insulated Panels (sips)
These are two sheets of OSB or plywood with foam board sandwiched in between. Since these panels can come up to 24 feet wide, there is less heat loss due to air leaks.
Toliets
Switching to a low flush model can save significant water in a year. New models are required to use 1.6 or less gallons of water per flush.
Tankless Water HeatersTankless or on demand water heaters work by running the water through a series of pipes that lie parallel to a heating element. This in turns rapidly heats the water for your use. More energy is used at a time to heat the water but overall less since its heating only the water you're currently using. These are available in gas and electric versions.