“You cannot hope to build a better world without improving the individuals. To that end, each of us must work for our own improvement and, at the same time, share a general responsibility for all humanity.” ~Marie Curie
Describe your audience: Franklin Community School Corporation is located in rural Franklin, Indiana (population 21,201); approximately 20 minutes south of Indianapolis, Indiana and 90 miles north of Louisville, Kentucky. Our current school corporation population totals 4779, with approximately 770 students attending Custer Baker Intermediate School. This is a year of new beginnings for CBIS; fifth graders entered our building to join sixth graders for the first time to alleviate overcrowding in our five elementary buildings. Seventh graders and eighth graders left Custer Baker to attend the newly renovated middle school building (which was originally a high school). Fifty percent of our students are on free and reduced lunches and with our current economic crisis this number is on the rise. In past years, I have surveyed my classroom and found that approximately 50% of the students do not have access to computers at home; creating a digital divide that we need to conquer. Although students learn how to manipulate a computer quickly (after all they carry mini computers in the form of cell phones), they lack the ability to find quality information in books, magazines, newspapers, and electronic databases. NWEA Map Test[1] data reports and Istep results show that students in our building are not efficient in finding information. They do not understand the importance of an index, table of contents, glossary, dictionaries, bibliographies, and using resources beyond Google; in fact, they frequently try to cite Google as resource. If they are able to find the information, they struggle to cite their sources and organize their information for a finished project. I think the students in and outside of our community take more ownership in projects and assignments if they receive the gift of choice; it fuels their motivation to complete their project. Unfortunately, in my experience, I’ve found too many students who seldom feel the satisfaction of completing a project. It is my hope that this project will not only lead students to learn more about influential people who once had a dream, but that they are able to find a reason to dream. Many of our students do not know the possibilities beyond receiving welfare, working in fast food restaurants, and living paycheck to paycheck. Several years ago, I took a group of students to the radio and television studios located at the University of Indianapolis to record commercials and newscasts. At the close of our adventure, one of the students said to me, “Thank you for bringing us here. I didn’t know you could go to college to do something as fun as this.” This statement haunts me today and is the force behind my mission to give students the tools, motivation, and knowledge they need to become successful in life. I once had a professor who taught me that memorizing facts is not as important as knowing how to find them. Finally, but most importantly, I want students of Custer Baker Intermediate School to mature into “information literate student possesses five qualities of mind and skill: An Organized Investigator Information Inquiry Role: "Chance favors only the mind that is prepared." ~ Louis Pasteur The beautifully illustrated book Dream, was written by Susan V. Bosak and illustrated by 15 The two page spread from her book Dream that I am focusing on for this particular project is the one titled “Historical Heroes.” Bosak encourages students to join the Club of Dreamers ; a group of “Historical Heroes” who are pictured in her book. A coloring page is linked on the legacy webpage for students to color and add their picture; signifying that they too can be successful. In reference to this activity, Bosak says “Research shows that having a mentor can make a huge difference in the degree of success a young person achieves. One form of a mentor experience is to have students choose a role model from history and find out everything they can about that person. Students can share stories about their mentors.” I have developed this unit in order to introduce students to the basic steps of the Big 6 model of inquiry through Moodle ( a course management system); my intention is motivate students by using the technology and make this lesson accessible to teachers so that they can use it in collaboration with me. I’ve been asked by my principal to use the Big 6 model for inquiry, because it is the model she prefers. Unfortunately, I’ve been busy trying to rebuild a library with materials and developing relationships with my new colleagues and haven't had the time to collaborate on inquiry projects with teachers; truth be told, educators often save the research till the end of the year. In all honesty, before I began courses in the SLIS program, I was one of these people. I didn't have a media specialist to assist me in accomplishing an overwhelming task ahead of me, so I saved it till the end of the year. Two years into the program, I now know that two heads are better than one and introducing inquiry to students in baby steps from day one of the school year makes inquiry projects enjoyable.
In January, I realized that a large percentage of teachers do a biography unit. At the beginning of the year, relatively speaking, I was impressed with my well- developed biography section. In January my bubble burst as I scrambled to acquire materials from the other buildings in our school corporation and the public library. I chose to work with one team of sixth graders for several reasons: this particular language arts teacher is particularly interested in help with research, she thinks the Big 6 model will work for her, and she is fed up with the struggles of doing research at the end of the year with students. In her words, “I feel like I just burned a batch of cookies and needed to start over.” My goal is to introduce Dream at the beginning of the year and use the Heroes page to introduce a biography unit. For this paticular assignment, I will be focusing on step #4 Use of Information in the Big 6 Model of Inquiry.
6th grade Language Arts Academic Standards Covered in this Unit 6.2.1 Identify the structural features of popular media (newspapers, magazines, online information) and use the features to obtain information) 6.2.3 Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate nonfiction and informational text; connect and clarify main ideas by identifying their relationships to multiple sources and related topics. 6.2.4 Clarify an understanding of texts by creating outlines, notes, diagrams, summaries, or reports. 6.2.7 Make reasonable statements and conclusions about a text, supporting them with evidence from the text. 6.4.3 Write informational pieces of several paragraphs that: engage the interest of the reader, state a clear purpose, develop the topic with supporting details and precise language, and conclude with a detailed summary linked to the purpose of the composition. 6.4.5 Research process and technology: use note-taking skills when completing research for writing. 6.4.6 Use organizational feature of electronic text on computers, such as bulletin boards, databases, keyword searches, and e-mail addresses, to locate information. 6.4.7 Use a computer to compose documents with appropriate formatting by using word-processing skills and principles of design, include margins, tabs, spacing, columns, and page orientation. 6.7.17 Make descriptive presentation that uses concrete sensory details to set forth and support unified impressions of people, places, things, or experiences. AASL Standards for the 21st Century Learner Covered in this Lesson
1.1.1 Follow an inquiry- based process in seeking knowledge in curricular subjects, and make the real- world connection for using this process in own life. 1.1.2 Use prior and background knowledge as context for new learning. 1.1.3 Develop and refine a range of questions to frame the search for new understanding. 1.1.4 Find, evaluate, and select appropriate sources to answer questions. 1.1.5 Evaluate information found in selected sources on the basis of accuracy, validity, and appropriateness for needs, importance, and social and cultural context. 1.1.6 Read, view, and listen for information presented in any format (e.g., textual, visual, media, digital) in order to make inferences and gather meaning 1.1.8 Demonstrate mastery of technology tools for accessing information and pursuing inquiry. 1.1.9 Collaborate with others to broaden and deepen understanding 1.2.1 Display initiative and engagement by posing questions and investigating the answers beyond the collection of superficial facts. 1.2.2 Demonstrate confidence and self- direction by making independent choices in the selection of resources and information. 1.3.1 Respect copyright/ intellectual property rights of creators and producers. 1.3.2 Seek divergent perspectives during information gathering and assessment. 1.3.3 Follow ethical and legal guidelines in gathering and using information. 1.3.4 Contribute to the exchange of ideas within the learning community. 1.3.5 Use information technology responsibly. 2.1.2 Organize knowledge so that it is useful. 2.1.3 Use strategies to draw conclusions from information and apply knowledge to curricular areas, real- world situations, and further investigations. 2.1.4 Use technology and other information tools to analyze and organize information. 3.2.3 Demonstrate teamwork by working productively with others. 3.3.4 Create products that apply to authentic, real-world contexts. Information Inquiry Model: Big 6 Model of Inquiry with focus on Step #4
According to Kuhlathu's Levels of Intervention, "The information skills instructor provides one or a series of cooperatively planned lessons on a specific references and types of sources related to needs arising from classroom activities and tailored to the student's cognitive levels." (Callison, 2006) In my opinion, students in our building aren't aware of the databases we subscribe to as a corporation. The reference section of our media center is the least developed; making it most important to teach kids about the electronic databases and encourage them to take responsibility for their learning. It is inexcuseable to continue to allow our students to cite Google as a source. Google is a great tool (I use it every day) but not the best way for students to find and evaluate information.
Once students are able to find good information, I think the step students understand the least is how to use the information. They need guidance in note-taking and citing sources; thus the reason I've focused on step 4 of the Big 6 model. See the Moodle, titled Information Literacy Moodle, that I created to take students through a series of lessons. You will need to sign in as a guest. As a guest, you will not be able to participate, but will be able to view the lessons covered. This Moodle is still in the process of being developed, so feel free to e-mail me at ueckerl@fcsc.k12.in.us if you have suggestions or feedback. This lesson was created in order to prepare the students for a larger biography research project with choice. See the attached document titled Activity Choice Tic Tac Toe.
Strengths of Big 6: I believe the name of the steps in the Big 6 Model are accurately named. In my short experience with this model, I have found that students and adults recognize the meaning or purpose behind the step, without seeing a written explanation.
Weaknesses of Big 6: I do not believe that the steps are detailed enough. In other models such as Lamb's 8W's or Stripling and Pitts REACTS method leave little question as to what is done in this step. I especially love the Challenging step in REACTS model, because it helps students begin to think about the validity of the information, where in the Big 6, students are basically finding the information and being responsible citizens.
Opportunities of Big 6: As mentioned before, I am using this model, because my principal asked me to do so. It is the most recognizable method of inquiry to the outside world (outside or the SLIS or media specialist circle). Why not use this opportunity to help students and staff become: "An Organized Investigator, A Critical Thinker, A Creative Thinker, An Effective Communicator, and A Responsible Information User." (Loertscher, 2002)
Threats: When I begin to introduce the Big 6 steps to other teachers, they automatically state, "You mean the 6+1 Traits of writing?" Students and adults often remember the steps more easily if able to use a mnemonic devices or alliteration; such as Lamb's 8 W's and Stripling and Pitts Research Process Model (REACTS).
Student Performance: Rubrics Created in Rubistar
Following the lesson on Use of Information, students will be instructed to work in groups to create a storyboard with the use of PowerPoint that will turn into a script for the biography newscast.
Teaching and Learning Materials:
Strong African American Picture Book Biographies (used to pull in Social Studies standards)
Honor book about Harriet Tubman Aunt Harriet's Underground Railroad in the Sky by Faith Ringgold Harriet and the Promised Land by Jacob Lawrence A Picture Book of Martin Luther King, Jr. by David Adler My Dream of Martin Luther King by Faith Ringgold Martin's Big Words: The Life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. by Doreen Rappaport (added this year) Mandela : From the Life of the South African Statesman by Floyd Cooper Zora Hurston and the Chinaberry Tree (Reading Rainbow Book) by William Miller If a Bus Could Talk : The Story of Rosa Parks by Faith Ringgold A Picture Book of Rosa Parks by David Adler The Story of Ruby Bridges by Robert Coles Through My Eyes by Ruby Bridges Molly Bannaky by Alice McGill Dear Benjamin Banneker by Andrea Davis Pinkney What Are You Figuring Now? : A Story About Benjamin Banneker by Jeri Ferris -- 64 pages The Real McCoy : The Life of an African-American Inventor by Wendy Towle Duke Ellington : The Piano Prince and His Orchestra by Andrea Davis Pinkney Alvin Ailey by Andrea Davis Pinkney Bill Pickett : Rodeo-Ridin' Cowboy by Andrea D. Pinkney A Picture Book of Frederick Douglass by David A. Adler A Picture Book of Sojourner Truth by David A. Adler Only Passing Through: The Story of Sojourner Truth by Anne F. Rockwell (new this year) A Picture Book of Jackie Robinson by David A. Adler Teammates by Peter Golenbock (Pee Wee Reese and Jackie Robinson) Story Painter : The Life of Jacob Lawrence by John Duggleby Coming Home : From the Life of Langston Hughes by Floyd Cooper Langston Hughes : American Poet by Alice Walker Satchmo's Blues (Picture Yearling Book) by Alan Schroeder (Louis Armstrong) If I Only Had a Horn : Young Louis Armstrong by Roxanne Orgill Charlie Parker Played Be Bop (Orchard Paperbacks) by Christopher Raschka Mysterious Thelonious by Chris Raschka A Picture Book of George Washington Carver by David A. Adler Carver: A Life in Poems by Marilyn Nelson (new this year) A Weed Is a Flower : The Life of George Washington Carver by Aliki Hank Aaron : Brave in Every Way by Peter Golenbock A Picture Book of Jesse Owens by David A. Adler Nobody Owns the Sky : The Story of 'Brave Bessie' Coleman by Reeve Lindbergh Fly High! the Story of Bessie Coleman : The Story of Bessie Coleman by Louise Borden Five Brave Explorers (Great Black Heroes, Hello Reader (Level 3)) by Wade Hudson Five Notable Inventors by Wade Hudson Biography Websites- A pathfinder of biography websites that could help teachers plan and students find informationVideo Production Control Room DVDs to record newscast Pinnacle Software to edit newscast _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Feedback and Evaluation: See the Collaborative Planning Page borrowed from the Indiana Learns web page. This page will be used with the the teacher before the project begins. When a project is completed, I plan to sit down with the teacher and go through the Collaborative Unit Evaluation Page, attached below (also borrowed from Indiana Learns), with the teacher. As for input from the students, I may am considering using a blog or a wiki for students to discuss their experience. I would also like to collaborate with the teacher to conference with every student to get first hand feedback. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Field Test: I decided to ask three different Language Arts their thoughts on the Big 6 Moodle I created to see if they thought it would be helpful in guiding students in the inquiry process. This really benefitted me, because all three teachers are either doing research projects or evaluating how they can improve the process for their students. While it would be more ideal to start collaborating with the teachers previously to this project, it did give me the benefit of giving teachers insight as to what I can help them accomplish. Teacher one: Several weeks ago, teacher one and I worked together. She discussed her struggle to find materials for this particular topic and was overwhelmed with the task of teaching students how to cite sources. We worked together in teaching students how to use their sources. She focused on how she wanted them to use note cards to store their information, while I taught them how to cite their sources and tried to reinforce the importance of finding information in databases.
She suggested that I survey the students to see where they gather their information early in the Moodle so that I am more prepared to teach the lesson.
Teacher two: Teacher two currently has a student teacher, so she was able to visit my office to overview the Moodle. First of all, she was amazed that I created the Moodle and even more surprised that about how easy it can be to teach students how to access information and cite their sources. She asked me to get with her student teacher to schedule a day to teach all three blocks how to cite sources; basically use step #4 Use of Information with her class.
She suggested I include Moodle tips in the Moodle to help teachers and students who have not used Moodle navigate it succesfully. I've added three tips and plan to use Mimio to create a short video to incorporate into the Moodle.
Teacher three:Teacher three came to me out of frustration in working with and I discussed using a simple topic at the beginning of the year to introduce something as lighthearted as: the history of Coca Cola, Icecream, Football, or anything that would catch their attention. I told her that I was creating a Moodle to introduce the Big 6 inquiry model and showed her my bare bones beginning (just basically had the steps in each of the topic boxes).
She suggested for a general lesson to do something around a current event, so that students might be interested. One of her suggestions was to do something with Barack Obama. Thus I used the picture book reading at the beginning of the Moodle and centered the whole Moodle on Barack.
Resources and References: American Association of School Librarians. (2007). Standards for the 21st century learner. Chicago: American Association of School Librarians. Bosak, S. V. (2004). Dream: A tale of wonder, wisdom & wishes. Toronto: TCP Press.
Callison, D., & Preddy, L. (2006). The blue book on information age inquiry, instruction, and literacy. Westport, Conn: Libraries Unlimited.
Grimes, N., & Collier, B. (2008). Barack Obama: Son of promise, child of hope. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. Loertscher, D. V., & Champlin, C. (2002). Indiana learns: Increasing Indiana's student academic achievement through school library media and technology programs. [San Jose, Calif.?]: Hi Willow Research.
[1] According to the NWEA website, “NWEA developed Measures of Academic Progress (MAP), a state- aligned computerized adaptive assessment program that provides educators with the information they need to improve teaching and learning. Educators use the growth and achievement data from MAP to develop targeted instructional strategies and to plan school improvement. With the ability to test students up to four times a year, MAP test results help educators make student-focused, data-driven decisions.”
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