General Introduction
India lies between 8 degree North to 36 degree North latitudes and 68 degree East to 97 degree East longitude. India is surrounded by Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal. It shares land borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Burma. The capital of India is New Delhi. This cosmopolitan city is the main gateway for the travellers to India. The area of India is about 3,287,263 square km. As per the 1991 census the population of India was about 1,027,015,247 million and is increasing at a steady rate. Although the birth rate has fallen steadily but the death rate has fallen at a fast rate. The population density of India is about 324 square km. India became independent on 15th August 1947 and at that time Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru was the first Prime Minister. The constitution of India was framed on 26th January 1950 by Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar and on that day India gained republic.

Geography
Geography India shares borders in the northwest by Pakistan, in the north by China, Nepal and Bhutan, and in the east by Bangladesh and Burma. Sri Lanka lies off the southeast coast. India falls into three major natural regions namely, the Himalayas mountain range in the north, the Ganga plains and the Peninsula. The Himalaya mountains and the River Ganges form a physical barrier between India and the rest of Asia. The country can be divided into five major regions: Western, Central, Northern, Eastern and Southern.