We dont bomb the country we adopt – Tarun Vijay
Mr. Tarun Vijay, a former editor of Panchjanya, the official publication of the
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), which is an old Hindu nationalist
organisation, made a telling distinction between India and some of its neighbours at
the last meeting of the Club.
Significantly, the meeting was held at the poolside of the Taj Mahal Hotel
where the worst carnage by terrorists in India’s recent history was
initiated just a year ago, on November 26, 2008.
Mr. Tarun Vijay said that over the last few centuries Indian scholars, saints
and seers went to several countries in Asia
carrying the message of love and compassion and of a caring and affectionate
God. In return, those countries feted their guests, honoured them and adopted
Sanskrit names for themselves and for their landmarks.
Not only were they proud of their heritage, they were often surprised by the
modern-day Indians’ lack of knowledge about their glorious culture and
heritage.
It was this respect for ancestry that had led to the new international airport
in Bangkok (the
biggest and most sophisticated in the world) being named Suvarnabhumi, a chaste
Sanskrit term. In fact, the first visual to strike one on entering the premises
was that of a 150-foot-long mural of sagar-manthan, or the mythical churning of
the oceans.
Similarly, the present King of Thailand was known as Rama Navam (or Rama the
Ninth). A brief chat with the Rajguru, the King’s teacher, revealed that the
country followed the legacy of King Rama and that all kings were known after
him.
The full name of the present King of Thailand was Bhumidol Adulyadej, also a
Sanskrit name, and it was he who had christened Bangkok airport as Suvarnabhumi, showing that
the Thais were proud of their heritage.
‘People in East Asia are often surprised that Indians are largely ignorant of
their culture and heritage’
In complete contrast, said Mr. Tarun Vijay, the barbarians who attacked the
city on 26/11 came armed with sophisticated weapons and other armaments to kill
people – never mind that they did not know any one of the people whom they had
come to kill, or the fact that among them were women, children and the aged,
all of them unarmed and harmless, leading normal lives in their own country.
Mr. Tarun Vijay, who gave a talk on “Global mission of India”, was introduced
by Tarjani Vakil who said that he was the Director of the Dr. Shyama Prasad
Mukherjee Research Foundation, a centre for civilizational values and policy
research and an ideological think-tank based on the nationalist school of
thought at the headquarters of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in New Delhi.
A prolific writer both in English and Hindi, he had written over 2,000 articles
and was a regular columnist for The Times of India, Dainik Jagran, Maharashtra
Times and so on. He had launched a peace initiative between
India and Pakistan
along with the Daily Jung, a major newspaper in Pakistan. That initiative had been
appreciated on both sides of the border.
And, as Nanik Rupani revealed later, it was Mr. Tarun Vijay who had put the
ancient town of Ladakh on the tourist map by organising the “Sindhu Darshan”
programme that had gone on to become a popular event. That one initiative had
changed the entire economy of Ladakh.
Mr. Tarun Vijay started his talk by pointing out that it was a rishi from India
who went to Cambodia 1,200 years ago, married a local and settled down there
who gave the country a name, “Kamboj” (whence Cambodia), which later became a
part of the Srivijaya Empire.
The biggest temple of Hindus was not in India
but in Angkor Vat in Cambodia.
Even after the advent of communism, Communist Cambodia remembered its Hindu and
Indian heritage with respect and honour.
A UNESCO publication on that country showed how Indians who left the shores of
their land established their global footprint on the basis of love, friendship
and scholarship.
After referring to the naming of Bangkok airport
as Suvarnabhumi by Thailand’s
King Bhumidol Adulyadej, he said, “That is the footprint of your ancestors, a
legacy of your forefathers who spread out and impressed the people with the
power and the strength of knowledge and character, the two major aspects of the
Indian footprint… That is the global vision of India,
the global message of India
even today”.
Mr. Tarun Vijay said that the third chief of the RSS, the late Prof. Rajendra
Singh, who was the Head of the Department of Physics at Allahabad University,
had said to him in the course of his last interview that he did not want to see
India as a brutal military power or as a dehumanised, prosperous country. On
the contrary, he wanted India
to be known for its knowledge and character.
Speaking about his experiences in China
where he is a Fellow of the Sichuan University, he said when he went to see the Leshan
Buddha in Chengdu,
he came across the largest Buddha sculpture in the world. It was about 250 feet
tall and had been made from one solid rock – an entire mountain had been
sculpted into a sitting Buddha.
And the very first statue visible on entering the campus was that of
Samantabhadra, another Sanskrit name. When he asked about Samantabhadra, his
interlocutors said it was surprising that he did not know about him.
The official accompanying him (in a China ruled by the Communist Party) then
told him that Samantabhadra was a rishi from North India who crossed snow
deserts and the Himalayas and survived to live in Chengdu some 950 years ago.
He learned the Chinese language and started communicating with the King and the
people.
Such was the influence of his brilliance, intellect and scholarship that
everyone started believing in Buddha and he was able to inspire the people of Chengdu to build the
Leshan Buddha sculpture.
“Even in the year 2009, it is the biggest
Buddha sculpture in the world. And it was done by your ancestors, by those
Indians who were brave and courageous and who never wanted to subjugate or
colonise other people.
“They took dharma with them. They were not ashamed of their civilization, they
were not ashamed of their past, of their glorious heroes and of the great men
and women who loved their language; they translated the entire literature of China and East Asia
into Sanskrit and from Sanskrit into their language.”
Mr. Tarun Vijay said the Rajguru of China was Kumarajiva whose father was from
Sinkiang and mother from Kashmir. When he went
there, the Han King of Beijing gave him the title, “Teacher of China”.
It was Kumarajiva who started the finest method of translating the classics
from Sanskrit to Chinese and from Chinese to Sanskrit with a 17-tier
arrangement. It started with literal translation, followed by the first step of
checking; next, ensuring that the main spirit of the text was conveyed, and so
on. It was only after 17 steps that the final text of the original text from
Sanskrit into Chinese and from Chinese into Sanskrit was available.
Recently, when visiting the Indian Embassy in Beijing, he met a man called Vijay Choudhary,
a small trader from Jhunjhunu in Rajasthan. This man revealed that he employed
1,000 Chinese in his diamond-cutting factory in Kunming!
That was the distance that India
had travelled – from Samantabhadra to Vijay Choudhary – and neither of them had
used a gun to befriend the Chinese. Rather, they had won them over with the
help of mutual respect and understanding.
The Chinese cared for Vijay Choudhary because he was bringing a lot of money
into China
and giving employment to the rural people there.
This case, too, represented the spirit of India whose teachers, professors,
technologists and engineers were respected icons of knowledge, scholarship,
integrity and character.
And there was also the story narrated by Mr. L.K. Advani of a Malaysian whom he
had met in Kuala Lumpur.
The man lived in New York
where he had his office and establishment. But what was he doing in Kuala Lumpur?
He told Mr. Advani that he had to undergo a heart surgery. When he learnt that
an Indian doctor in Kuala Lumpur was the best in
the field, he had travelled from the USA
to be operated by that Indian doctor in Malaysia.
“We don’t bomb the country that we adopt. That’s what everyone says about
Indians. Everyone loves and accepts Indians. Even if an Indian is a British,
German or American passport-holder, they trust him 100% – that he won’t bomb
their land. He will work for the country, fight for the country and will never
ditch it.
“That is your achievement, the blessings of your ancestors; and that’s the
Indian footprint all over the world, that of character, honesty, integrity.”
Turning to Nanik Rupani, Mr. Tarun Vijay said it was worth pondering over that
several leaders from all over the world happily came to India to accept awards presented by his Priyadarshini Academy. This was no mean achievement
and an endorsement of brand India.
The speaker next referred to the aftermath of the “discovery” of America by Columbus who had actually set out in
search of India.
He could not find India but
reached the land that was now called America.
“What happened after Columbus reached America? More
than four crores of the original inhabitants of the land, who were known as
American Indians, were brutalised, massacred. It was a holocaust. And the
originator of that holocaust was Columbus.”
He had wanted to proselytise, to find gold, to grab land, to get slaves, to
subjugate the people; to take over their land and to build his own buildings.
In comparison, the Taj Mahal Hotel was a symbol of the indomitable, invincible
Indian spirit represented by the tricolour. For it was here that the mission of
the barbarians who had attacked Bombay
on 26/11 was defeated.
Would we respect Rama or celebrate Diwali had he played peacenik and allowed
his wife to be taken away? asks Tarun Vijay
“Ask yourself, what kind of people must they have been (those who attacked
Bombay on 26/11). Compare
your civilization and the work done by your ancestors in the earlier years
which gave you the Hindu civilization, the Indus civilization, which left
imprints all over the globe, from Japan
to Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam,
Laos, Korea, Brazil,
New Zealand.
(You will find) respect and understanding for a different viewpoint.
“You will find a solid belief in pluralism, in democracy and diversity. We are
not those who want everything to be uniformly same, who want all people
speaking one language, reading one book, wearing the same attire. No, we love
diversity.
“Let a million flowers with a million fragrances bloom; if there can be any
such place in the world, then that is Hindustan.
No other country can boast of this kind of legacy which is so supportive of
pluralism, respecting different viewpoints. We never had a Galileo hanged for
his beliefs.”
Taking a dig at the growing tribe of peaceniks, Mr. Tarun Vijay said Rama did
not compromise with Ravana, telling him that he could take Janaki to Colombo. And he, as a
pace-loving person, would return to Ayodhya where the people would be so happy
that he had played peacenik and left his wife behind, that they would welcome him
and celebrate his return as Diwali.
On the contrary, Rama cautioned Ravana and when the latter remained adamant, he
vanquished Ravana. That was the legacy of India, that of not compromising
with the wicked.
Narrating another experience, Mr. Tarun Vijay said that the renowned
businessman and philanthropist, Mr. Bob Harilela, had told him that he never
cared about India
when he was a little boy. In fact, he hated the heat and the poverty that he
saw when he came here at the age of 13.
But his mother told him that whatever he did and wherever he went, he would not
be able to erase the fact that he was an Indian – it was “written” on his face.
In course of time Mr. Harilela bought an apartment in Bombay
and now his largest spend on charity was in India. He spent his vacations in India and had
taught his children to respect their heritage.
The children would always remain Indian, but “not on the basis of a gun, or of
gun powder” or colonisation.
“No one will remember a Gen. Dyer in India with respect, or even Queen
Elizabeth. But Bhagat Singh, who was only 23 years old when he went to the
gallows? Yes… This land has always respected those who have stood with their
heritage, with their civilization, and those who have stood up at times of
crisis to fight the enemy, to fight the barbarians so that peace, pluralism and
democracy can be saved.”
On a visit to Riyadh in Saudi Arabia,
he saw that not a single shop in the markets had a portrait of Osama bin Laden
because violence, extremism and uncivilized behaviour never won respect.
History only remembered those who spread the message of love and compassion and
it was such people who were respected down the ages.
Buddha was “still alive” in spite of the fact that his sculpture in Bamiyan had
been bombed out by the Taliban.
“The global vision of India
cannot be anything but to spread the message that the gun never achieves
success or does any good for the people. It is the power of love, compassion
and character that does so. And that’s what I have learned in my organisation,
in the RSS.”
Finally, Mr. Tarun Vijay quoted a couplet by Akbar Allahabadi:
Tere lab pe hai Iraqo Shamo Misro Romo Cheen
Lekin apne hi watan ke naam se waqif nahin
Arre sabse pehle mard ban Hindustan ke wastey
Hind jag uthe to phir saare jahan ke wastey
(A loose translation: The names on your lips are those of Iraq, Egypt, Rome and
China, but you don’t seem to be acquainted with the name of your own country;
the first thing you need to do is to become a man for Hindustan, and once you
rouse Hindustan, then become a man for the whole world.)
Answering questions, Mr. Tarun Vijay told Trilochan Sahney that he
did not agree that India
was always populated by invaders. In fact, even the theory of “the Aryan
invasion of India” had been
proved false, what with American scientists finding that the genes of the
Aryans and the Dravids living in India since ancient times had a lot
in common.
On the contrary, India
had always given shelter to those refused shelter elsewhere and to every
persecuted community in the world. No other country could boast of such a
record.
But he agreed that Hindu society was fractured by the caste system. In this
context the speaker quoted Swami Vivekananda who had said that the only ideal
before Hindu society was the ideal of Guru Govind Singh.
Sitaram Shah pointed out that the word Hindu did not appear in any literature.
Where had the word come from? Secondly, all that the speaker had said in praise
of Hinduism was being maligned by the very people who were talking of Hinduism.
Mr. Tarun Vijay said that the word Hindu came from the Greeks. At that time
Indians were called “Aryas”, “Vedics”, or “Sindhuputras”. But since the Greeks
had difficulty pronouncing certain consonants, it so happened that Sindhus came
to be called Hindus.
However, changing the name of a city or a land could not change the basic
character of the people who inhabited that place.
“And the basic character of this land, beyond the Indus,
is that they love nature, they don’t condemn it. When Bachendri Pal became the
first Indian woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest, she did not set foot
on it till she had placed vermillion and rice on it as a ritual offering,
thanking the goddess mother for giving her the strength to reach the summit.
“On the other hand, Western mountaineers write that they ‘conquered’ Mount Everest; the word ‘conquered nature’ does not
appear in the Indian language. This is the basic difference in the worldview of
our people. We have respect for parents, for family values, for pluralism. That
makes us different people. You may call them Hindus, Indians, Bharatiyas,
whatever, it means the same thing,” Mr. Tarun Vijay added.
The vote of thanks was proposed by Nanik Rupani.
Source: The Gateway-a
publication of Rotary Club of Bombay (Nov. 2009) has this news item on its
front page  Bharata maataa by Abanindranath http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Bharat_Mata_Abanindranath.jpg/250px-Bharat_Mata_Abanindranath.jpg Depiction of Bharata as maataa
I am thankful to Naga Ganesan for a focus on this topic.
kalyan 12 Oct. 2009
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiyar
http://tinyurl.com/bharati-bharatmata Bharati made a terracota sculpture ca.
1915 (Tamil) பாரதமாதா வடிவ உருவாக்கமும்,
பாரதியாரும்
1920 -1930s - Bharat Maata poster:
http://bit.ly/92PkT
1940s
- Ahmedabad Textiles sticker:
http://bit.ly/1J3HM
Sadan Jha's "The Life and Times of Bharat Mata"
http://tinyurl.com/ygbho4v
http://www.indiatogether.org/manushi/issue142/bharat.htm
Sumathi Ramaswamy's "Maps and Mother Goddesses in Modern
India"
http://eemaata.com/thamizmaNam/maps_mother_godesses_in_modern_india.pdf
Visualising India's geo-body
Globes,
maps, bodyscapes
Sumathi
Ramaswamy
Department
of History, University of Michigan, 1029 Tisch Hall, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109-1003, USA
This
article focuses on the national longing for cartographic form by exploring the
deployment of globes, maps, and bodyscapes in patriotic visual practices in
colonial and postcolonial India. I suggest that popular cartography is marked
by the convergence of two modalities of seeing India -- a disenchanted
geographic habit in which its territory is visualised as a geo-body, and an
enchanted somaticism in which India is the affect- laden body of Bharat Mata.
Patriotic cartography transforms the nation's territory into an object of
visual piety, even as it makes more visible a hitherto unfamiliar entity -- the
map of India. But most of all, popular patriotic cartography encourages the
citizen- beholder to engage the nation's territory corporeally, affectively,
and interestedly, so that it is not some empty social space, but the
mother(land) worth dying for. Patriotism in modernity requires peculiarly novel
technologies of persuasion. Maps of the national territory are among the most
intriguing -- and compelling -- of these. Source: Indian Sociology, Vol. 36,
No. 1-2, 151-189 (2002) http://cis.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/36/1-2/151
'Photos of the Gods': the printed image and political struggle in
India By Christopher Pinney
Bharat
mata: India's freedom movement in popular art By Erwin Neumayer, Christine
Schelberger.
Patriotic fervour
|
At
the end of the 19th Century, a printing industry devoted to the production of
pictures of deities and mythological themes was established. Being mass
produced, they were the most visually influential medium of visual
communication of the then socially and culturally fragmented Indian society,
subsequently becoming a vehicle for political propaganda as well. Exclusive
extracts from a book that looks at the pictured social reality of India,
appropriate for the 56th anniversary of independence.
|
|
http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2003/08/17/images/2003081700160201.jpg Bharat Mata", offset print, 1937, painting by P.S.
Ramachandran Rao.
Bharat Mata's robe forms the
contours of India. Her saffron, white and green sari _ the colours of the
Indian national flag _ cradles the heroes of the national struggle and
shelters the fighters still alive and leading the teeming millions. Among the
heroes of the bygone years, one can identify Justice Ranade, Balgangadhar
Tilak, and the founder of the Indian National Congress, A.O. Hume. The
leaders of the masses are Kasturba and Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru,
Chandrasekhar Azad, Sarojini Naidu, Rabindranath Tagore, Abdul Gaffar Khan
and others. The diverse pictorial traditions of India made it difficult to find
a symbol of national integrity acceptable to all. To worship a geographical
map of India seemed to be a way out of the dilemma of finding a symbol for
the Motherland without antagonising the religious sentiments averse to the
idea of bowing before an image of an anthropomorphic god or goddess. One of
the earliest and largest temples of Bharat Mata was established in 1936 in
the town of Varanasi, where a large relief map of Akhanda Bharat or South
Asia lies enshrined. By this time, the practice of using a contour map of
India to deify Bharat Mata had already gained popularity.
|
IT was not long before
the visionaries of an Indian nation realized the potential that lay in
harnessing popular mythological images for a nationalist cause. They saw, in
these pictures, the portrayal of a glorious past, the propagation of which
would induce in the beholders a sense of belonging to a great and once glorious
tradition. India began to be projected as a country that had, over the
centuries, been oppressed by foreign powers which had eroded and manipulated
her traditional values; her culture was portrayed as one which, though failing
in material advancement, had an inherent metaphysical strength and which
enabled her to absorb past and present invaders. This was a rallying call to
muster popular support for an independent India, the India for which gods and
national heroes had struggled from time immemorial ...
... The nationalist
movement armed itself with a past, its leaders making the most of a rich
heritage replete with heroic legends from ancient epics, which were deeply
ingrained in many layers of the Indian psyche. The sheer reverence and
admiration for these legends could be readily manipulated into fervent
nationalist passion. The transformation of this passion into uniform images
that could be easily replicated and widely distributed became one of the most
potent weapons in the hands of those leading the nationalist movement. In these
pictures, the gods were equipped with nationalistic paraphernalia and national
leaders were projected almost like celestial beings. The depiction of indigenous
heroes was in itself a message, a message that could not possibly be censored.
Goddess Bhavani was depicted handing over a sword to Shivaji, who successfully
lifted it against the Deccan sultans and their suzerain, the imperial Mughals
... ... The personification of India as Goddess Bharat Mata or Mother India is
particularly interesting. When first conceived in 1905 by Abanindranath Tagore,
she was Banga Mata, the personification of an undivided Bengal that was soon to
be divided to serve colonial administrative ends. It was only after the
division of Bengal into the states of Bihar, Assam, Bengal, and Orissa, that
the picture of the Goddess Banga Mata reincarnated itself as Bharat Mata
(Hoskote 2000). Abanindranath Tagore painted Banga Mata/ Bharat Mata as
Lakshmi, the Goddess of Plenty, clad in the apparel of a Vaishnava nun. Prior
to that, Ravi Varma had painted the goddess standing against a halo of light
dressed in a deep red sari, holding the paraphernalia of Durga and Britannia —
the hook, the snare, the arrow, and the frond of victory — in her four hands.
Lying at her feet were two African lions, suggestive of the goddess's
powerful vahanaor celestial vehicle ...
... For reasons somewhat
difficult to comprehend, individual leaders of the independence struggle only
rarely used the popular medium of display prints and, therefore, portraits of
Indian national leaders did not take the form of an obvious personality cult.
This apparent demureness on the part of Indian politicians was certainly no
inborn quality (politicians here are no different from those elsewhere!); it
was in all probability due to an understanding that display prints were
reserved for the celestial and market forces, leaving little scope for
portraits of politicians. It was only the foremost representatives of the
Indian National Congress who made it into the prints — Mahatma Gandhi for
instance, whose political and moral credo was interwoven with religious and
puritanical symbols that readily lent themselves to the popular medium of display
prints. Gandhi appears adorned with the paraphernalia of a religious mendicant
— his emaciated body in symbiosis with his walking stick, a dhoti tucked up
well above the knees, his lean striding legs and simple sandals elevating him
above other leaders whose clothes, though traditional and homespun, lent them a
`folkloric' rather than `elevated' aspect. If Gandhi, with his bare feet, was
the icon of the deprived and the downtrodden, other leaders in their polished
boots signified the dignity of statesmanship. His eternally friendly toothless
grin is accentuated by wire-framed goggles, and his short-cropped head is
uncovered. This picture of an itinerant hermit is only mildly incongruent with
an old-fashioned watch knotted in a fold of his dhoti. This self-chosen image
united Gandhi with the teeming millions of the poorest, most deprived, and
oppressed of his countrymen. He was the avatar of the have-nots, and in the
display prints he was placed as such in the realm of the great gods.
|
http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2003/08/17/images/2003081700160202.jpg Mahatma Gandhi", oleograph, 1925.
One of the earliest socio-economic
campaigns organised by Gandhi was the Swadeshi Movement. It started with the
boycott of English textiles and the development of an indigenous cottage
industry for textiles. Gandhi's concept of industrial development was based
on the idea of labour-intensive small-scale industries, with the cotton
industry playing a central role. This industry was to provide millions of
unemployed and starving people with a source of livelihood. Hand-spinning and
weaving therefore became a key symbol of the Congress, manifesting itself in
the Congress banner, a tricolour of saffron, white, and green, with a
spinning wheel at the centre.
|
Since the central plank
of Gandhi's ideology was non-violence, it is not surprising that his icons
borrowed their symbolism from Vaishnava iconography. He is portrayed as a
provider, providing the nation with khadi — a homespun fabric — or offering
beneficiation. The violence of bloody sacrifices or revenge from Shaivite
iconography has never been associated with the Mahatma. His tragic death by an
assassin's bullets was metaphorically depicted in the pictures — like Krishna
slain by the shaft from Jara's bow, he is felled by three bullets, death
carries him to the region of the gods when he is in congress with all the other
freedom fighters, the gods, the Buddha, and the crucified Jesus. Other prints
of the slain Mahatma also depict him in the lap of Bharat Mata — an Indian
pieta — under the flying banner of an independent nation ...
* * *
Prints distributed
during the last phase of the struggle for independence were printed using the
half-tone technique. New developments in printing technology also resulted in a
change of aesthetics. The size of the prints tended to be smaller than that of the
oleographs. New techniques dispensed with the highly glossy quality of the
earlier prints. Now printed in only three colours — a far smaller palette as
compared to the fourteen or seven colours of the oleographics prints — they had
a somewhat drab appearance, rather like newsprint. Since many of these prints
were made in small workshops, the artists worked them like collages of
newspaper picture clippings, introducing a fair amount of their own folksy
iconography ...
|
http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2003/08/17/images/2003081700160203.jpg "Mahatma Gandhi", half-tone print, 1940.
Clad in homespun clothes, Gandhi
once attended a round-table conference in London, where he brought along with
him a milch goat to symbolise the selfsufficiency of the Indian people. His
stubborn puritanical simplicity was sometimes dismissed as a publicity
gimmick. In truth, however, it was also the chosen modesty of a person practising
the morals he preached, and who had set out to give a voice to the voiceless
of India.
|
... One of the principal
reasons for the `indigenization' of popular imagery was the rise of many
smaller printing presses all over India. Letterpresses in local print shops
could now produce smaller pictures more inexpensively, and cater to popular
taste with locally relevant designs ...
* * *
The real service that
Ravi Varma was asked to perform for the country was, therefore, not for all his
countrymen, but for a Hindu oligarchy which, in a diffused sort of way, sought
to represent Hindu interests in the politics of national liberation.
Extracted from the
chapter "Printing for Independence" from Popular Indian Art: Raja Ravi Varma and The
Printed Gods of India,Erwin
Neumayer and Christine Schelberger, Oxford University Press, 2003, vi + p.176,
Rs. 2,500.
http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2003/08/17/stories/2003081700160200.htm Moment of the moderniser
Prabhu
Chawla
March 27, 2009
The man
with a walrus moustache, framed and garlanded, is a customary backdrop to any
stage show by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). Now that Mohanrao Bhagwat
has taken centrestage as the new boss (sarsanghchalak) of RSS, Keshav Baliram
Hedgewar, the founding patriarch of the Sangh Parivar, seems to have got a true
inheritor.
They may
be two Brahmins from Maharashtra, united by
the shape of their moustache and the sweep of their vision about a Hindu
Rashtra, but Bhagwat refuses to be a throwback to history. The 58-year-old
bachelor from Chandrapur, born 10 years after the death of Hedgewar, is the
21st Century face of an organisation that has often been accused of being
steeped in a mythological make-believe.
His new
role as a moderniser (a word that doesn’t sit well with the image his
organisation has acquired in urban India) is daunting, for he has to
strike a fine balance between the challenges of future and the burden of
heritage. When the generational shift took place in Nagpur on March 21, it was pretty evident
that Bhagwat wanted to be different. The meeting began with Bhagwat’s request
that, after nine years as general secretary, he would like to pass the baton to
someone else.
But before
the veteran pracharak M.G. Vaidya could start the election process, K.S.
Sudarshan, the outgoing sarsanghchalak, intervened. He said: “My memory is
failing. Recently I was unable to recognise the photograph of Mangal Singh who
died after serving as our cook at the RSS headquarters for over 50 years.
The
Bhagwat effect
A
non-interventionist, Bhagwat lets BJP and VHP leaders manage their affairs so
that the RSS will not be blamed for their failures. Unlike Sudarshan, he has
never been a political coordinator.
A smart
networker, he has initiated dialogue with other spiritual leaders like Sri Sri
Ravi Shankar and Baba Ramdev whom he has accepted as important members of the
wider Hindu Family.Accepts that there is no singular way of championing the
Hindu cause.
As general
secretary, he promoted young volunteers at every level. The average age of
pracharaks at district level has been reduced from 50 to 35-40 and those above
70 have been withdrawn from the field.
He has
never made a hate speech or attacked other religions.
He prefers
powerpoint presentations at important meetings.
Recently,
I met Swami Vishwesh Tirth and he advised me to speak less. My responsibility
requires me to study more and more but I can’t do that due to my poor health. I
want to transfer my responsibilities as sarsanghchalak to Mohanrao Bhagwatji.”
Then he vacated his seat and Bhagwat, after touching the feet of Sudarshan and
other elders, took over.
His first
appointment itself spoke a lot about the man. Many expected Suresh Soni, who
works as a coordinator between RSS and BJP, would succeed him as general
secretary. Bhagwat’s choice for the second-incommand and general secretary was
Suresh (Bhaiyaji) Joshi.
It was a
smooth transition at Nagpur
where the old and the interventionist gave way to a new generation that puts
culture above politics. Was it that the new boss didn’t want too much
“coordination” between the Sangh and the party? Not surprising as he is the
highest apostle of non-intervention.
Bhagwat
thinks the BJP— or for that matter any other front organisation— should be left
to its own devices. (His predecessor, though, was fond of giving sagely advice
to leaders like L.K. Advani and Atal Bihari Vajpayee.) Still, he wanted the
pracharaks to be familiar with other family members like the BJP, VHP, ABVP and
BMS. Under his initiative, some pracharaks were given six-month internships in
these organisations. The RSS for him is essentially a cultural organisation
with a social responsibility.
Bhagwat’s
life so far has been a perfect blend of idealism and pragmatism. Born on
September 11, 1950, in a Karhade Brahmin family in Chandrapur, Maharashtra, he began his career as a veterinary officer.
His father, Madhukar Rao Bhagwat, was a close associate of Hedgewar and M.S.
Golwalkar, the second sarsanghchalak.
After
spending five years as a pracharak in Gujarat,
Bhagwat pére did something rarely heard of in the upper echelons of RSS: he got
married and began a new life as an advocate. The son, though, would not be
deviated from his path by such temptations. Bhagwat became a pracharak during
the Emergency in 1975 and he has remained a strict disciplinarian ever since.
At a meeting of state pracharaks, he said, “Our focus must be on quality, not
on quantity.”
Quantity
matters in the RSS, and Bhagwat is entitled to take credit for making the
Parivar bigger. Look at the numbers: 43,905 shakhas (drills) are held daily at
30,015 venues; weekly shakhas at 4,964 and monthly shakhas at 4,507 places. The
RSS has over 2,800 full-time pracharaks. And it has 58 front groups
representing sections as varied as youth, teachers, Dalits, women, labour,
students, and even overseas Indians.
There is
one for Muslims as well: The Muslim Rashtriya Manch, which wants to send out
the message that “every Muslim is not a fanatic”. Presiding over such an
extended Parivar, Bhagwat has the mandate to be the final arbiter of “family
values”. Will those values be in harmony with the spirit of the modern times?
Or, will they make the existing cultural fault-lines more glaring? He has to
kill so many stereotypes before he can play out the script of modernisation
within the organisation.
He will
have to disown and neutralise the army of rabble-rousers and demonisers who
continue to manufacture enemies of the socalled Hindu Rashtra. The
lathi-wielding cultural Gestapos running amok or the trident-waving demolishers
atop a mosque are not images compatible with Bhagwat’s message of change. He
has to redeem Hindutva from the politics of hate. He has to make it culturally
and socially acceptable. And it has to be a time of introspection as well. RSS
is an organisation which has produced leaders like Deen Dayal Upadhyaya,
Vajpayee, Advani and Nanaji Deshmukh. Today it is only capable of offering us
an atrocity like a Pravin Togadia or others who can only divide the mind of India.
He may not
consider the pub-going girls of Mangalore particularly modern, but he doesn’t
endorse the violent enforcement of culture either. Though he says that the
socalled Hindu terrorism is an “illusionary and self-contradictory lie” created
by “Hindu-hating political forces” desperate for votes, he is believed to be
unhappy about some fringe Hindu groups taking the terror route. And some of his
reforms are even sartorial.
Till 10
years ago, it was mandatory for the swayamsevaks to wear a uniform of khaki
shorts and white shirts while attending the daily shakha. No longer. The
uniform is compulsory only on special occasions. The new dress code is called
“supravesh” (all white); it could be anything, even kurta-pyjama or dhoti and
shirt. He was very much instrumental in recognising the importance of caste
leaders in expanding the RSS’ base.
He doesn’t
make a virtue out of rigidity masquerading as consistency. Following Advani’s
controversial statement on “secular”Jinnah, Bhagwat was the first to tell the
RSS top brass that they should take on the BJP leader. Three years later, the
same Bhagwat realised that there was no better alternative than Advani to lead
the BJP. So he himself went to meet Advani to announce that he was once again
acceptable to the RSS.
A great
admirer of Gandhi, he was the one who took the initiative in bringing Scheduled
Castes and Tribes into the RSS fold. In one of the speeches he delivered after
becoming the general secretary, he didn’t mention the name of Hindutva icon
Veer Savarkar even once but Gandhi was a recurring hero. An agitated Savarkar
supporter went to Bhagwat and complained. Bhagwat, always polite, apologised
first and then took on the challenger: “But tell me whether you appreciate
Gandhi’s contribution to society despite his mistakes.” The challenger just
walked away in silence, most likely as a wiser man. And his soon-tobe-launched
programme called Gau-Gram Sankarshan Yatra (a cow-protection journey across the
villages) too is inspired by Gandhi.
Bhagwat, a
Reader’s Digest junkie and a regular watcher of History and National Geographic
channels, ended his speech in Nagpur with a call for facing up to new
challenges: “Let all of us strive to expand and consolidate still further our
already existing nationwide network to enable our society to effectively
respond to all the challenges it is facing, by adopting appropriate strategies
and techniques”.
What are
Bhagwat’s strategies and techniques to keep RSS relevant as a cultural
organisation? He certainly requires techniques other than powerpoint
presentations (of which he is a new convert) and the emphasis on youth power
(of which he is a tireless promoter). He needs a message that is in tune with
the ideas and aspirations of 21st Century India where a brotherhood based on
religion still evokes fear, no matter what the religion is called. “You can
change everything , except our core belief in a Hindu Rashtra”, he says.
If such a civilisational definition of India makes some Indians the
excluded others, the challenges of the man who aspires to be the moderniser
become all the more daunting. It also provides Mohanrao Bhagwat an opportunity
to become the Great Reconciler.
—with Shyamlal Yadav and Uday Mahurkar
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