Mission Trip_Jamaica


March 2006, Mandeville Jamaica in the south central mountain region.

 Thursday March 23rd, 2006

Arrived at the Cincinnati Airport at 6am.  Met group at 6:15 and checked in at Delta.  Plan loaded at 8:25 and landed in Montego Bay, Jamaica 12:12pm.

Ronnie picked up our group while another two guys took our luggage via p/up truck.

Docked in Montego Bay just outside the airport we saw a cruise ship which had fire damage to over 100 rooms right there in the middle.  By the next week it had left for repairs.  The fire was due to a smoker's neglect.  One person died.  Locals said that the ship was sent back to Germany for repairs.

Stopped for lunch just outside the airport for Jerk chicken, pork and shrimp.  Yummy! After lunch, Jeff was propositioned once for drugs and once for a woman.

We then preceeded up into the mountains.  Roads of course snake around everything and are sometimes narrow.  Just like in Guatemala we saw the drivers will take unsafe chances on passing even around curves.  Driving is european style with the wheel on the left and driving in the left lane.

Passed many school children along the way with all of them in uniform.  On occasion we saw children picked up by a route taxi.

Vegetation noted on the road were bromelad, mother-in-law tongue and bamboo.

Homes have construction materials of either wood, block, concrete, field stone or all sheetmetal.  Sometimes a combination is used.

Arrived Mandeville at the Gallitzen House at 5pm.  The Gallitzen House was the missionary house where we stayed.  It had a common room containing a kitchen, dining table, and sofa.  This room was surrounded by bedrooms each with a bunk bed and single bed.  Three bathrooms were divided among the bedrooms.  A Chapel is across the yard.  The sound of trucks driving the winding hilly roads is 24/7. 

Sr. Naomi arrives to greet us and inform us that all cement for the home we were to build has been recalled or put on hold.  So instead we will pre-fabricate a home out of wood using a template at Ministry of Housing.  It is run by the Sisters of Mercy and we will be there on Monday.  Also, on Monday evening, the Bishop Gordon Bennet will hold an appreciation dinner for us.

We have a great house boy named Meeckus (King Meeckus) who will look after things for us.  He is 27yrs old and lives in the home next to the missionary house.  Meekus works at the Catholic Distribution Center.

 

Friday March 24th

We all gathered in the Chapel for songs by the Daughters of Mercy -Sister Claudia and Sister Dannie.  They work with two pre-schools, the pastoral and music ministries.

Back to the house for orientation by Sister Naomi who is a Beneditine originally from Colorado Springs.  Her story is that she won a cruise for 4 to Jamaica and has been here since 1994.

Introductions of the group: Left to right we have Kathy, Trish, Nancy, Caryn, Sister Patrice, Laura, Steve, Jeff, Jerry and Rick.
I had little doubt that we would all get along but at first I felt out of place.  My back definately was with all the bouncing around on the roads.  Jeff told of the time as a policemen being pushed off a bridge.  He too had back pain among others.  Jeff fought through his various pains each day with a smile and kind words.  This was his first time outside of his comfort zone and going outside the United States.  Laura, Steve, Sr. Patrice, Kathy and myself had been to Guatemala previously.  Nancy and Jerry were in the Peace Corp.  Trish works for the University of Dayton and has been many places but not sure if she has ever experienced this type of poverty and need.


Poor Tour:

Ronnie took us on his tour of impoverished families.  The first family we visited had what was considered a double house.  The single size is just 8' X 11' in size!  The kitchen out back was their original house.

We visited Richard with no legs.  He has some property in which he is able to grow sweet pineapple, sugar cane, banannas and some coffee bushes.  

Fr. Peter had heard of this man with no legs who had a drive to survive by farming and getting around with merely his hands and arms.  He petitioned the Catholic Housing Ministry to build a home for him.  Richard had lost his legs to diabetes.  Doctors and medicine is often not available for most of the poor.  Deacon Jeff of our group had brought him shoes in form of gloves to cover his hands.

Next we visited a family unit including a Father in-law who had a decent sized home, chickens but no feed for the chicks.  There was a fire burning on the property who someone else started.  Children were trying to stomp and swat out the fire.  She petitioned us for feed and mattresses for the beds.

The last family today was a woman who one month after giving birth had a stroke.  It was obvious that one side of her body was contorted somewhat.  Doctors want $15,500-J for a cat scan before anything else could be done for her.  The group agreed to donate about $25US each to cover the cost.  An appointment will be set up for her in Mandeville and Ronnie will take charge of getting her there.  Outside on the street, children were cautious of us until Kathy sweetly coached them to approach.  Moments later they were posing for our cameras though shyly.  After reviewing the digital pictures with theses boys, one named Nicoli was particularly proud of his photo.

Nicoli posed like a pro and as the other boys watched, they too quickly lost their shyness becoming very animated.  We were now their new pals!

Traveling from point A to point B takes what seems to be about 5 or more times longer due to the winding and sometimes poorly maintained roads.

 

At about 4 p.m. we headed towards a special Lentin dinner in Manchester Parish.  The place was called Little Ochi's Fish House which sits on the Carribean coastline down near Alligator Pond.  

For about 50 U.S. dollars this group of ten plus Ronnie our driver ate like kings on plates of lobster tail, shrimp and red snapper.  

This was of course in total contrast to what we had seen and experienced today.  I wonder if this wasn't the intention.

All along the roads we see bars and road side shops and restaurants in each community.  Jeff asked Ronnie how the people can afford to stock these businesses?  Ronnie's response was: "they might work on a road crew or work out in a field, repair tires or something to get money for supplies. 

Most of us felt guilty about having such a good meal at Little Ochi's Fish House.  It made it easier to know that much of the fish came right out of the ocean nearby.   

Jeff and I took a walk just beyond the boundary of the restaurant.  A little boy walked up to us and said "Sir!" he then gestured maing circling motions around his stomach and then to his mouth.  We felt sick!  We were told not to give anything to people as they would come to expect it from visitors.

Saturday March 25th

Went directly to YS Falls leaving at 9:15 in the morning.  Each day we pack our lunch typically with peanut butter and jelly    sandwiches, banannas, granola and a few Jamaican sodas in a cooler.  We always bring our own bottled water.  There is a filtration unit at the house for this.

YS Falls is in St. Elizabeth.  It looks much smaller than what I've seen in pictures.  Nonetheless, the water is cool and refreshing!  Jerry and Nancy have been here before and they say that it has progressed over the years and is nicer now than when they first visited.  We had the day to ourselves until about 1 p.m. 

 

The way in to and out of the falls area is by a King's Island-like tram pulled by a farm tractor.  The cost was about $10 U.S. or $640 Jamaican.  The area appears like a rain forest.  The falls were tucked in a scenic little cove.  While the falls themselves were not all that impressive the water was most refreshing!

Jerry, Nancy and myself get back to our shelter for lunch before the rest of the gang.  Ronnie stayed back the whole time watching over all our things.  We shared with Ronnie how impressed we were with that woman and her family we visited earlier.  Nancy told of her savvy in putting her baby into the cooing arms of Trish and Laura and opened her home to us to show us how little yet simply they lived.  Showed us the chickens out back but without feed.   Ronnie at that point became extremely serious in his face and began to tell us of the corruption which prevents financial and humanitarian assistance from reaching the poor. 

"I'm not a political man !!" said Ronnie and went on to explain that the country had elected a woman president.  "They elected a woman president because the people of Jamaica are sick of the corruption of men.. and just maybe a woman could begin to make things right".  He went on to say: "We welcome missionaries because you bring smiles and hope of a better future.  It is through your donations and contact with the poor that you bring releif where it is sorely needed and hope of a brighter tomorrow".

 1:30
Left YS Falls to travel to Mary Help of Christians run by the order of Mother Theresa, Missionaries of Charity.  This is a home for the indigent elderly.  Upon arrival we attended services in a small chapel conducted by Father Francis originally of Montreal, Canada.  Fr. Francis sang in a beautiful voice which later he attributed to being a music teacher. 

In his sermon he taught us what it means to believe in the Lord Jesus Christ.  During the service they sang many songs.  The congregation are from the home.   I took communion here today as I felt in my heart that God wanted me to open up and accept him physically and spiritually.  It has been a long time since I've received him through communion.  I shed silent tears during the service.  Communicated through my heart not my voice.  Projected from my soul and felt very much at peace here.   Who is Jesus Christ to you?  Your life will be affected by this question.

Almost 40% at the home are blind. 

After mass and exiting the chapel we were greeted to two german shepard dogs.  These two named King and Prince stood out from the many dogs we'd seen so far who looked to be all the same breed. 

Like so many of the women we've seen.  All the female dogs are pregnant.  We are told that women hope that a good man will marry them but it seldom happens.  This is why the country is that of a matriarchal society.  The women talk of this baby's father and that baby's father.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 The sisters gave us a tour of the elder home.  It was very clean and organized.  We are to return again to do some painting which needs done.

 Dinner tonight was at a roadside restaurant called the Jerk Center. Sr. Naomi brought along three kids who live with her.  The oldest was 31 named Jennifer followed by Michael 18 and we think his sister Mya 17.  The restaurant was close to Gallitzen House which was our base camp.

Sunday April 26th

Early morning mass with Fr. Peter who is originally from Kenya, Africa.  While the others took their seats in the church, I stood at the back to take pictures.  Fr. Peter greeted me before procession to the alter. 

This church has only 14 parishioners.  Children from the children's orphanage next door attended.  After holy communion, the younger children gathered into line for a blessing by the preist.  After mass Fr. Peter took us on a tour of his poor parish.


Here we are greeted at the road by a woman who had lost her Mother and Father.  She had a deformity of the legs which was passed onto one of the two children.  In her son, the deformity was extreme.  He walked on the complete side and top of his feet which would be the soft skin of the foot to you and I.  Her home had suffered damage from Hurricane Andrew.  The blue tarp she has keeping out the rain is rotting.

Went to a home along a swamp area.  There we found a pregnant woman, her husband and two children.  On their property was the only sign of government assistance according to Fr. Peter.  A newly built outhouse.

A tiny home on the hill above the swamp housed a Rasta family of eight.  

Inside this tiny block home where two beds to accomodate the 10 family members.  A short time after arriving, the husband rode in on a bicycle.  I asked him if he had been at work or visiting with neighbors.  He said "No mon, I come from the bush."  Thats Fr. Peter on the left in the dark blue shirt.

Here you see wooden home with no roof.  Another hurricane memory. Here lives an old man who is having trouble getting around and also seeing.  He needs to see a doctor but Fr. Peter does not have the means which to do so.  Father said he works at a shop part time to earn money to buy this man rice, beans and water.  The trouble is Fr. Peter points out, he has not been back to his kitchen to cook since he is having mobility troubles.

He tells us why there are graves on most folks property.  Many are afraid of the public cemetary.  They are afraid that duppies may haunt them, so they bury their dead at home where they lived.  Burial is very expensive for them at about $100,000JMD and while this man does have family, they do not help or support him.  Yet when he dies, they will come and bury him here.  $100,000 after death but $0 during life.  "This is the great tragedy of the living poor" says Fr. Peter.

 

 <-A typical kitchen
Fire with a piece of zinc over it as a hotplate.


After Fr. Peter's tour, we went back to St. Theresa, had our lunch and then picked up four children from the orphanage next door and took them out for a boat ride.

It was a ride on the Black River the longest river in Jamaica which runs all the way from the north to the south of the country.  It is called Black River because it looks black due to peat forming on the bottom.  The water however is quite clear as demonstrated by our tour guide when he dipped a plastic cup into the water.  

Our boat driver pointed out many interesting things.  "There are two variety of Mango Tree here" he says.  "Roots grow from the branches down two feet into the water.  Here on your left a large terminte nest within the tree. " 

We saw one alligator and a tree of Egret bird but for the most part the children just enjoyed being treated to some time away and to the loving arms of our group.

After the boat ride we returned to spend the rest of the day at an orphanage.  It is one of two orphanages run by Fr. Ronald Dessine originally of northern France.  After coming to Jamaica, he dreamed of having an orphange run 'family style'.

The boys rooms where inside a large bayoo-like home while the girls were in a newer structure across the yard.  The children gravitated towards us wanting to be held. 
Jeff played ball with a couple of the kids and I later joined in.  There was a mix of animals who seemed to roam freely on the grounds. 

The children did all seem to watch over one another.  We were told that for one or more reasons that these kids are unadoptable.  

Meeckus who takes care of the missionary house has a brother that lives in this orphanage.  Later we asked Meeckus that when his brother was 18 would he like him to move in and live with Meeckus?  Meeckus responsed: "I don't know?" as he shrugged his shoulders.


 Monday April 27th

Went to the Housing Ministry in Mandeville to build an 8' X 11' wood home by template.  The home's applicant is responsible for the foundation.  There is a monopoly on cement in this country.  The Caribbean Cement Company controls all.  There has been a shortage of cement due to the discovery of sub-standard production.  No one knows why this was allowed to happen and how many may have been affected.  

Quality control problems were allowed to go on for some six months before haulting production.  During the week we were there, amazingly only 215 complaints were filed.  A special committee has now been appointed to look into the incident.  The government has waived import fees for replacement cement temporarily coming from Venezuala, Cuba and Barbados.

Money for the materials was raised by the group prior to our trip and included Bill and Gail Earman.  A prior missionary group had cleverly devised a simple template for building the home.  It will have one or two windows and a door.

The wood was painted and dried in the sun.  When the foundation is completed by the applicant, this home would be transported to the site for completion.

Although we were not scheduled to see the location and receipient of this home, the sisters at the elderly home had a talk with Ronnie and he was talked into taking all of us to meet Angela and her two girls. 

Angela had a beautiful little plot with an overview of the land below.  Of course there is no power, sewage or other things that we take for granted.  Simply good shelter is what we are helping to provide for those in need.  Can you imagine being inside of a home pieced together with some scraps of zinc sheetmetal, stone and wood when it stormed?  Yet so many have to live just like this.

This part of the contruction was actually alot of fun.  Everyone in our group got along extremely well.  Sr. Patrice was most concerned with getting pictures taken of her in work mode.  She said that her friends didn't believe that she actually worked on these trips.  To friends of Sr. Patrice:  She works like a draft horse.  Just don't mess her meal time schedule!

Everyone did their fair share of work and then some.  Each person had abilities which they contributed each day.   Each day was successful both physically and spiritually.

Here we are posing in front
of a model home.  Once the
foundation is in place, what
we built this day will be trucked
up to the site and fully assembled.

This day was particularly hot though this wasn't the hottest time of the year.  At about 3 p.m. we left the housing ministry to return to our base  to shower and rest.  Tonight we are invited to dinner at the Bishop's home in Mandeville.  I'm not looking forward to being around this dignitary.  I've had too many unhappy experiences with priests of the Catholic Church.  Luckily none of those incidents involve the current scandal.  But to me, my stance is that a priest is just a man who chose a job in the church.  He should not be honored or pampered in anyway because he choose to do the work of God.  I've yet to see truly good examples of men in this position representing the love and soul of Jesus Christ.  As it turns out in parts of Africa, preist are treated like royalty. 

So we went to the home of Bishop Gordon Bennett. He was outside to greet us upon our arrival.  Outside in the back was prepared a reception of appetizers and drinks.  During his heart-felt greeting to each of us, we introduced ourselves.

Still unsure of the situation, I stayed aside and Ronnie talked with myself and Caryn.  We learned that Ronnie had left Jamaica for the United States when he was fourteen years old.  He come over with his Uncle.  Ronnie is a year older than myself and had not returned to Jamaica until sometime in the 90's.  He said that at first he was taken back by how little there was here.  Said he was used to having certain things in the U.S. and it wasn't easily available for him here in Jamaica.

Ronnie struggled with the decision of weather to go back to the U.S. or stay in Jamaica.  After spending money daily he realized he must get a job but this was no easy task in itself.  Luckily someone told him about the Catholic Distribution Centre needing some good help.  Cautiously he said that he applied.  On Wednesday he got a call from the Bishop himself.  By Friday he had a job.  Now says Ronnie, "I know that I'm to stay in Jamaica.  What I do here is important and it is a way to help the people in need."


Soon dinner was ready and Gordon invited us inside.  He sat Ronnie at one end of the table and Steve at the other.  He chose the middle of the table for his own seat.  As the food came out he instructed everyone to take their plate to the buffet and serve themselves.  When each person returned, Gordon himself served the wine.

Rev. Gordon Bennet came from the U.S. having been trained by the Jesuits.  He served as a teacher and principal in another Jesuit school before he became an auxilary bishop in Baltimore, Maryand in 1998 and  he also served as the President of Loyola Academy in Los Angeles.  Gordon was also the Master of Novices at the Jesuit Novitiate. He was called by the pope to be Bishop over his own diocese in Mandeville, Jamaica in late 2004.  His post however had to be postponed due to hurricane Ivan.

I was struck by the wholesomeness of this man.  He was genuine, did not position himself above others, easy going, liked to joke (he joined in the fun with our poking fun at Sr. Patrice), made everyone feel truly welcomed and put us all at ease in his home.  It is no wonder that the man is a favorite preacher at spiritual retreats!

He tells us all that high schools are sorely needed in this country.  Because of this he says only about 1 out of 5 qualified students has the opportunity to receive an education.  Most drop out after the sixth grade.  This fact perpetuates the cycle of poverty as seen both in Jamaica and in Guatemala where several of our group has traveled.    Education is such a major issue in impoverished countries and is the key to a better future not only for the impoverished but for the country as a whole.

A couple elementary schools in the area are actually one room churches that double as schools.  This not only is not condusive to learning but make it equally tough for Sunday services.  

He also tells us that this is not a tourist area like in Montego bay.  Workers do not earn enough money to be able to live on.  Perhaps this is where the necessity of crime enters the picture.  Who would ever say that crime is a necessity?  Here is may be among the necessary ways one must survive by. 

The evening ending with him asking me to say a final prayer before leaving the table.  Stunned by his request, I spoke from my heart and all seemed to go well.  We took a group picture and then we were on our way back to base at the Gallitzen House.

Most everyone always went to bed by 9 or 9:30.  Jeff and I always stayed up till after midnight talking about everything.  It was nice to have someone get to know a bit about me and to share his life experiences.  He shared with me things about religion which I had forgotten along the way.  I think Jeff will make a fine Deacon of the church after this trip as long as he doesn't forget the experience and the people.  That is what I feel will make an impact and shape his future in the church.  That I feel is why he is here in the first place.  It is why we are all here.

 

Tuesday April 28

Went back to the home for the abandoned elderly.  We painted walls on the outside near the rear.  

Also the sisters had been after Fr. Francis to hang pictures of the stations of the cross in their church.  The church was originally an auditorium.  The home originally was an academy of sorts.

After the pictures where hung, the boss, the sister superior, the gentle, happy woman from India was like an excited little girl.  She called for other sisters to look at the stations of the cross all hung neatly along the walls.  "Fr. Francis will be so surprised!" she beamed.  That made everyone's day right there and then.

 

We will return to finish painting on Wednesday.  Fr. Francis was not around today.  Perhaps we'll be able to have some time with him tomorrow.

Left the elderly home all sweaty, odorous and with evidence of our painting work like badges on our clothes and skin.  Ronnie drove us to the St. John Bosco Home For Boys.  It is close to base but there was no time in the schedule for a shower before our visit.

 

St. John Bosco Home For Boys teaches various trades: Animal husbandry, Butchering, Catering, Horticulture, Wood and Metalworking.  It is run by a Sr. Mimi originally from Madeira near Cincinnati, Ohio.

Our visit was two fold.  To learn about the home and to serve the boys ice-cream.  It turned out not to be the ideal day according to Sr. Mimi.  A good bunch of boys had to be diciplined.  This we witnessed upon our arrival.  Several were having to sit on these large rocks ouside in the yard.  Some of the younger ones had to stand along the wall inside the room where we served ice-cream.

After the kids had their ice-cream, Sr. Mimi took us on a tour of the property, she showed us the goats, chickens and other livestock.  She took us to the catering dept. where we would enjoy pizza and later peruse craft items for sale made by some of the boys here and in the home in Kingston.

Sometime this week according to Sr. Mimi, a fire was lit outside the property line but started quickly spreading towards their greenhouse.  They called the fire department but was told that the fire truck was down for repairs.  Sr. Mimi called out over 100 boys to help carry water from a tap in the greenhouse to the fire.  The fire department like the police are undependable in Jamaica.  She said that a few hours later someone from the fire department called to ask how the fire was doing!


Wednesday April 29th

Returned to the elderly home to finish painting the black accent marks on the white wall.  The paint although new was too heavily cut at the store with thinner.  It had to be painstakingly applied but even then ran like water. 

 

 

Fr. Francis was home today and he was back and forth from the home to our worksite cracking the corniest jokes and one-liners I had ever heard.  He was however adorable as our female missioners and the sisters would attest. 

One of the residents, a man by the name of Anthony was always around trying to lend a hand.  He brought us foam padding to kneel on and chairs to sit upon.  At one point Steve, Laura and Trish got into a heated political discussion. 

 

I watched Anthony listen in earnest and from time to time he made some amazing comments.  Listening to this man interact in the conversation reminded me that our elderly have so much life and wisdom to share.  That they too need to feel needed, useful, and have an ear to listen to their stories and life's experiences.  The elderly should not be forgotten.  They are a reminder of what we face, and an incredible body of wisdom that we should not turn away from.  This is why we are here.

A touch, a kind word and most importantly, inclusion is so important to them also.  No different than in you or I.  So why does anyone younger always dismiss these things so easily?  We always have, to a large extent, have we not?

Even Sr. Patrice who is a very big part of this mission reminds us of these things each day.  Hopefully more of us will come to realize, appreciate and be thankful towards everyone who has come before us now and in the future.

We broke for lunch and as a treat from the sisters, a meal was prepared and served.  Fr. Francis was dinner-time entertainment.  Trish, Jeff and myself hurried back to finish painting what we had started.  There was talk of a rum tour.  You see every day on the road we passed these rum tour signs.  I wouldn't go of course as money was about run out but it would be nice to see the others enjoy their time if in fact the tour was in the cards though definately not on our carefully preplanned agenda.

Today we were almost painfully aware that this was our last day before we had to take a long road trip back through the mountains to the airport and leave Jamaica and all we have experienced.

As luck would have it, Fr. Francis and the sisters were so happy with our time here.  Father called the local Appleton Rum Plant and said he had friends who he'd like to take on the tour.  They asked how many?  "Ten plus a driver and me" he told them.  After finishing up the paint of walls and also doors, hanging this and that and cleaning it all up, Fr. Francis led us on the road to Appleton Rum.

As we got closer to our destination, many sugar cane trucks passed us on the road.  The cane fields seemed vast and all week long we saw these can trucks on the road at all hours of the day.

Upon entering the Appleton property it became obvious that this was a tourist destination.  I was going to stay behind until I heard that the tour cost was not reduced for Fr. Francis but eliminated all together.  Yippee!!

We were assigned a tour guide who took us around the property learning a bit about the production and side products of sugar cane.  The property along the tour was designed like a museum with old parts and including donkey drawn cane strippers.

Appleton Estate is the oldest of all Jamaican sugarcane estates.  It dates all the way back to when the English took it from the Spanish in 1655.  It has been in continuos operation since 1749.  The factory can produce some 160 tons of sugar per day and the distillery 10 million litres of rum per year.

After the tour we were brought back into the tourist center which contained a bar, a lounge, gift shop, liquer store and sample bar.  Our tour guide introduced us to some 20+ Appleton Rum products before turning over the entire bar to us!  What a great marketing idea.  I took up position behind the bar and began serving.  My favorite tastes were that of Bannana, Blue Mountain Coffee and Coconut creme.

It was fun to watch everyone enjoy trying new things and eventually wind up in the liquer store to buy their airport carry-on cases.

It was raining when we left but Fr. Francis had one more thing he had to show us.  He was saving to build a proper church for his parish.  He took us to a site of a church which was constructed of termite proof materials and material that would last very long if it was given passage by the hurricanes.  

On the way back to Gallitzen House, Trish broke out into song.  She has a very beautiful voice.  Everyone had a nice time thanks to Fr. Francis and Appleton Rum.  The Rasta have their bit of herb and most of the rest of the world have the spirits of the land.

Upon our return to Gallizten House, dinner for our last night was catered by the Bosco Boy's Home.  Meeckus stayed for dinner as did Ronnie and his daughter named Stephanie.  

The Sisters Claudia and Danni assembled us in the capel for reflection and thanks for our presence in Mandeville.  Sister put on music and asked that we reflect on our entire week.   I saw all the faces of all the adults we had met and of the children we spent time with.  It was tough not to get very emotional.  We had all been impacted by the people of this area, the great contrast between the haves and have nots and the overall positive spirit carried by most.

The Sisters said a prayer over each of us and dubbed us embassador missionaries of Mandeville.  With that we each received a wooden cross.

After this service we gathered back at the house and for the fist time the whole trip, everyone stayed up late to celebrate our experience though drink and stories, card games and thought writings.  No one wants to go to bed; our last night in Jamaica.  But eventually everyone except Jeff and I succumb to sleep. 


Thursday April 30th

Ronnie picked us up very early for the trip back to the airport.  As it turned out we arrived over the mountain roads with time to spare, so we stopped at a market in Montego Bay to look around.

Jerry and Nancy stumbled upon a talented artist.

 We also found men playing dominoes.  One young man engaged Nancy in conversation and told her what was going on in the game.

Just before leaving, two musicians were preparing to play in a little shelter that we sat underneath as relief from the heat.

It will be good to be home again safe in our own environment.  But I won't forget you Jamaica for all you've shown me and the people you've let touch my life.  I promise to show compassion where ever I travel even if just around the block.  I promise to lend an ear, produce a warm smile, to offer a hand and an open mind to all those I come across.  I promise to pray for those less fortunate than I, that education become available for all and that corruption be replaced with plentiful opportunities for the good of all your children.  I promise to continue to be your light however small or intense, so that one or more shall come to know you.  I pray for my fellow missioners, may they find that which you have chosen for them and your church. May they touch your people and be touched in return.

 

To Ronnie and Meeckus..

Thank you for taking such good care of us.  For being open to us and sharing a part of your life.  You each contributed to all the good things we bring back to share with others. 

To the singing Sisters Dannie and Claudia.. 

Thank you for driving me crazy loco!
Laura couldn't get your beautiful songs out of her head.  She really did try and remember the verses!

 
To Sister Naomi..

Thank you for facilitating a wonderful week for us.  This is a good missionary program especially for first-timers.  Christ walks alongside all of you as you point our eyes and hearts to the people in need.  We will be your disciples and talk of the people's needs where ever we go and to anyone who will listen.  Also, can you check with Sr. Miriam (Mimi) Krusling.  Her email is not working.
 

To Bill and Gail Earman..
Thank you for affording me this opportunity.  I have been praying for your family's peace. 

 

 

To Everyone Whom We've Met

Please verify the information here and let us know if we have forgotten anything or have a typo in a name or contact data.  If you would be so gracious as to contribute to this experience by your thoughts on this website, we will quote you within the content here!  Contribute?

Comments from our hosts in Jamaica and conversation arising from this trip and related material will be published below.  If you recieve non-personal/private data that can be shared, please contribute it so that it can be published.  Thank you! 

Feel free to share this site with others and share your experiences.

This site was created this site because it is often difficult to merely talk and share with someone these days without associated pictures, text and other information .

To my fellow missioners: It is my hope to continue to have a friendship with you beyond this trip...to share our experiences and help each other grow in Christ and in ourselves.

All photos here are clickable and will open full size. 

 

Of Faith

Through faith 
we shall be made whole

May those who read this seek Christ..
Adhere to Him..
Abide in Him..
Make Him your all

Receive the message of this three-fold blessing when you hear:

"The Lord bless you, and keep you; The Lord make his face shine upon you, and be gracious unto you; the Lord lift up his countenance upon you, and give you peace."

Gift of Gifts

If you hear and accept this blessing you will receive the Father's full protection, the Savior's smiling grace and the Spirit's countenance and peace. 

 

 Comments & Conversations

Feb 8, 2009

Father Peter Njoroge:

Halo and how are you?
 
just to let you know that i will be back in Jamaica on the 10th of this month if life spare.
 
Hope to keep communication going.
more later,
 
Frpeter


Apr 9, 2006

Father Francis Dupuis:

Greetings from the Missionaries of Charity & myself,
 
What a masterpiece you have done putting all your material & internet material together to give a feedback of your missionary trip here in Jamaica.
 
God bless you all for your good work.
 
We used the confessional for the first time this week and this morning I had a further 12 people from the parish who made confession in it.
 
Good Holy Week & Happy Easter!
Father Francis Dupuis
 

Rick Olano:

We gathered at Nancy and Jerry's home late this afternoon to exchange pictures and stories with their church elder... Also someone from the Dayton Daily News is going to do a piece on the trip as well!

Let me know if I can quote you.

Thanks so much and by the by...You and the Sisters were the bulk of the conversation tonight!

 

Apr 10, 2006

Father Francis Dupuis:

Hi Rick,

yes sure, you can quote me, as long as the Pope does not hear about it, it's O.K. (Ah! Ah! - just kidding!)
 
God bless,
Father Francis

Some Jamaican Facts

Children may walk many miles to school on the mountain road.  Most depend upon a school's lunch program and most will go to bed hungry.  A child will have several brothers and sisters with Mother but typically no Father.

In Jamaica there often are very loose relationships lending to large extended families.  Only 15% men get married.  Fathers feel no sense of obligation making Jamaica a Matriarchal society. Only the Rastaa strongly believe in the whole family unit.  Rastafari while not a formal religious sect. have a belief system of spiritual, social and historical matters.  They are family lovers,  artistic and a gentle people.  However they smoke alot of Ghanga quoting Psalm 104:14 as justification. "He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and herb for the service of man:".  Rastas signify peace, pride and righteousness.  To Rastafarians the story told by the old testament pertains to black Africans who decend from Abraham and Jacob. 

The name is taken from 1930 Ethiopia, Ras Tafari Makonnen king with the throne name Haile Selassie.

Crime = if you can see and touch it, it's yours.  Stealing is a way of life and survival.  Police are corrupt and justice often not served.  No separation of church and state.

Jamaicans are generous of spirit but otherwise do not share and avoid helping their neighbor.

The population consists largley of African decendants.  But they do not claim themselves as such.  Class is generally either rich or poor.

The country is on the brink of bankruptcy.  **See text on Slavery In Jamaica.  Some foreign aid is consumed by corrupted officials with little or nothing getting out to the people.  Jamaican money has no value anywhere else in the world. **See text on Slavery In Jamaica.

Education is the greatest need next to jobs.  However it is usually cheaper to import here than to attempt to make it in Jamaica.  **See text on Slavery In Jamaica.

This perpetuates the poor situation.  Many people attempt to expatriate in search of jobs in foreign countries.  Money from these jobs is then shared with families back home in Jamaica.  People made wealthy outside of the island return often many years later to build a very large home right next to their hungry neighbors.

Schools: The English left in the 1900's and had established an excellant educational system which has unfortunately declined leaving rural schools in disarray.  A school will consist of one large room divided by blackboards, is often dark and not conducive to learning.  No school on Fridays since most people do not even go to work Fridays.  Compulsory until age 16 with a 60% drop out rate.  Too few high schools to accomodate students so testing dictates if they are placed in a good school, a mediocre school or all grade school.  The Jamaican government only subsidizes the school lunch program on occasion.

Jamaican Flag:
Green = lush island
Black = hardship
Yellow = everlasting sun.

Religion: Christopher Columbus brought both Catholics and Missionaries here yet now the Catholics only make up about 7% in Jamaica.  Seventh Day Adventists are very anti-Catholic.  However the Catholic church is highly respected here due to better education and outreach programs.  Jamaicans often do not go to one church or another but instead choose three!  3 is better than 1 they think.  Black Magic is alive on the island.  This has become a racket, taking advantage of the uneducated.  Jamaicans are afraid of ghosts or Duppies.  The dead are usually buried on their own property rather than in a cemetary.  The Bible is revered even if they can not read.

Of Slavery In Jamaica

Jamaica is the legal slave of the International Monetary Fund or IMF.  This fact is morally incomprehensible to most people outside of this poor country.

Most anyone who has ever visited here on vacation only sees the beautiful waters and the friendly resort employees.  Little do you know what has been done to make this their country of slaves.

What is at the root of most evil? The answer is
$$-MONEY-$$

The IMF or International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, and the Federal Reserve (FED) have crafted a slave labor country here in Jamaica.

When England gave Jamaica it's independance, Jamaica was unable to fend for itself.  So it had to seek financial loans because it didn't have the economic strength to make it on it's own.

Jamaicans have the crime they have and the gross poverty they have because of the U.S. systematic destruction of Jamaican self-support put in place by contracts attached to money.

Through the use of monetary loans, the above named entities and their member organizations attach new policy governing taxes, tarriffs, labor, stipulations on where it can and can not use the money thus causing a crippling way of life that U.S. citizens themselves would never in a million years agree to abide by if the shoe where on the other foot. 

Read the lyrics of the song G7 by Bob Marley. On Google do this search "seven richest countries in the world" Marley

The case for the weakness of the Jamaican dollar is due to many devaluations imposed by the International Monetary Fund.  Why?  To make it unrealistically impossible for Jamaica to buy what it truely needs, all the while, above named member companies begins dumping farm produce on the country making it impossible to have any kind of profitable farming ventures due to this dumping of cheap produce into the Jamaican markets.  This is step 2 in the slavery plan.  At the same time, farmers trying to export good food to the U.S. have it returned or refused at will citing some absurd reason.  The farmer here can not sell abroad for this reason nor can they sell here in Jamaica because the above named member corporations are undercutting prices artificially, and crippling this sector of the Jamaican economy. 

The IMF's influence prevented good meaning and intentioned banks from loaning money to the Jamaican government which forces Jamaica to go to the IMF.  Only with the request for much needed support comes an increasing crippling of the country.

Like you or I, we borrow money generally for a long term to be paid off in cash for a reasonable interest rate.  The IMF however is not interested in helping but rather crippling through the imposing of a high interest rate for a very short term.  Then as time goes on, it offers more money and then the regulations, restrictions, changing of Jamaican import policies and more begin playing their deadly role on this society.  The IMF does not care for any kind of a  morality based on principle, pride and the dignity of a people.

The plan of the IMF and others is to keep Jamaica in poverty without end.  No light at the end of the tunnel.  The whole idea is to set conditions for which Jamaica could not meet.  So then it would have to negotiate new loans for which conditions would become tighter still. 

To see how like the IMF, the FED is now conducting the biggest fraud on the public, read articles at: 
http://tinyurl.com/d2ffd2

 

Contact Info 

Pastoral Centre & Chancery Office

P.O.  Box 8, Mandeville P.O,  Manchester.

Deliveries: 59 Main Street, Mandeville, Manchester
876-962-1269
876-961-2947 or 2950
876-962-1297 Fax

Website:
http://www.dioceseofmandeville.org
http://www.dioceseofmandeville.com

Music Litergy:
Sr. Claudia Mauri, D.M.


Mission Society of Mandeville

monsignofmichael@msn.com 

 

Daughters Of Mercy (D.M)
Our Lady of Hope Convent

Spur Tree, Manchester
964-6562
hopecomm@jamweb.net 

Sr. Naomi Rosenberger, O.S.B
snaomir9@aol.com

Sr. Connie Ostrander, O.S.B
sconnieo7@aol.com 

Sr. Dannie Marie Catherine, D.M
srdannie@jamweb.net

Sr. Claudia Mauri, D.M.
420-0994 

 

Bishop of Mandeville

Rev. Gordon Bennett, S.J.
gbennettsj@aol.com

 

King Meeckus

Meeckus Waite 
Mandeville, Manchester
P.O. Box 8
Jamaica, WI
Catholic Pastoral Center
876-525-2257
876-456-9183 
meeckuswaite@yahoo.com

 

Mary Help of Christians Home

Sr. Maria Philo
P.O. Box 3, 
Balaclava P.O.  St. Elizabeth
963-2229

St. Gabriel, Balaclava

Rev. Francis Dupuis
Missionaries Of Charity
francis121268@yahoo.com
P.O. Box 3, 
Balaclava, St. Elizabeth 
963-2202
963-2229

 

Our Lady of Hope Children's Home

Rev. Ronald Dessine, MSM
PO Box 15,
Black River P.O., St. Elizabeth
ladyofhope@mail.infochan.com
384-2715 
 

St. Vincent Strambi,
Bull Savannah Children's Orphanage

Rev. Ronald Dessine, MSM
Msgr. Michael Palud 
monsignormichael@msn.com
384-2715

 

St. Theresa, Black River

Rev. Peter Gitumbu
532-3214
PO Box 15, 
Black River P.O. St. Elizabeth
965-2209
gitumbu@yahoo.com

 

St. John Bosco Boy's Home

Sr. Miriam (Mimi) Krusling, RSM
mkrusling@yahoo.com
this email bounces back
PO Box 1692,
Mandeville P.O., Manchester


Ohio Missionaries to Jamaica

Rick Olano
thefuture1investor@gmail.com
513-295-1150

Jeff Hall
jdhsr1@sbcglobal.net

Sr. Patrice Vales
spatricevales@sbcglobal.net

Steve Yuhas 
yuhas85@aol.com 

Laura Thimons
thimons@sbcglobal.net 

Cathy Smith
62100@sbcglobal.net 

Nancy & Jerry Nowak
nowakjn@aol.com 

Caryn Schill
bushkabear@aol.com 

Tricia Penno
tpenno@hotmail.com 

Organizers:
Bill and Gail Earman
beengee@prodigy.net


 

Jamaican National Anthem

Eternal Father, Bless our Land,
Guide us with thy mighty hand,
Keep us free from evil powers,
Be our light through countless hours,
To our leaders, great defender,
Grant true wisdom from above,
Justice, truth be ours forever,
Jamaica, land we love,
Jamaica, Jamaica, Jamaica, land we love

Teach us true respect for all,
Stir response to duty's call,
Strengthen us the weak to cherish,
Give us vision lest we perish,
Knowledge send us Heavenly Father,
Grant true wisdom from above,
Justice, truth be ours forever,
Jamaica, land we love,
Jamaica, Jamaica, Jamaica,
land we love!

 

Jamaican Proverbs

Alligator lay egg, but 'im noh fowl.
Things are not always what they seem.  Because people does similiar thing, they shouldn't be judged soley on their similarities.

Bad luck wos dan Obeah.
Bad luck is worse than witchcraft.

Beggar beg from beggar him nebber get rich.
You can't get blood out of a stone.

Chicken dey merry, Hawk dey near.
Where there is too much merriment and excitement, danger lurks near.

Cuss-cuss noh bore hole a mi skin.
Words cannot hurt me.

No all foot in a boot a good foot.
Don't judge a book by its cover.

Noh put yu cap whe' yu caan reach it.
Don't live above your means.

Too much callaloo, mek peppa-pot stew bitter.
Too much of a good thing can spoil everything.


Christian Reggae Music

Gospel Reggae is the fastest growing segment of Reggae music today. It is really a homecoming of sorts because so much of the music that influenced Ska, Rock Steady and Reggae has its roots in Gospel. Songs like 'Shadrach, Meshach, & Abendego' by Justin Hinds & the Dominoes, 'Oil in My Lamp' by Eric 'Monty' Morris, 'The Tree of Life [We Are Marching On]' by Stranger Cole & Ken Boothe, 'The Rivers of Babylon' by Brent Dowe and the Melodians, which also became a worldwide hit for Boney M, were some of the songs from the Ska and Rock Steady era[s] that demonstrated a major Gospel influence.

Many mainstream artists have now switched to [or at the very least include] Gospel Reggae including Clive Tennors, Hopeton Lewis, Sanchez, Papa San, Carlene Davis, Richie Stephens, Judy Mowatt, Lt. Stitchie & Junior Tucker. Some of the popular artists include Joan Flemming, Claudette Clark, and the always formidable Grace Thrillers. Jamaican music has certainly gone full circle. Give Thanks and Praises!

Listen here to some Reggae! 

Click the above link to hear some nice samples from various groups.

 

 Making Dreadlocks

Quite the process here!

 

USA Translations To Jamaican

USA: It's been a long time since I have seen you, girl.
JA: Gal yuh noh dead yet?

USA: Lord, we have lost electricity again!
JA: Lawd Gad, current lack aff again!

USA: Girl, those shoes are the bomb.
JA: Gyal, yuh roach killa dem a seh one out deh.

USA: Aren't those pants a bit short?
JA: Yuh did a expect flood ar yuh tek yuh measurement inna wata?

USA: Please make some room in the bus so this man can sit.
JA: Schoolas, small up unnu self man mek Daddy siddung.


 

How to Play Jamaican Style Dominoes

Jamaicans play “draw” style dominoes. There are many variations to the “draw” style. Jamaican style dominoes are intense and a sturdy table is needed in most cases as players slam the dominoes. Six love (6 to 0) is one type of game Jamaicans love to play. In this game you must win six rounds. In many cases you have to play this game with a partner to shorten the duration.

Below are the steps to play “Jamaicans Style” dominoes with four players.

Steps:

Count out 28 dominoes, from double blank to double six.

Place all the dominoes face-down on a sturdy table.

Shuffle the dominoes well.

Each players take seven dominoes.

The player with the highest double goes first. In this case it will be “Double Six”. It is placed horizontally. This is called the “pose”.

The player to the right (counter clockwise) of the first player should plays next. Except for doubles each domino is placed vertically. In Jamaican style dominoes only two sides of the domino is used to match.

The next player will play the domino with like value next to the first domino (it doesn't matter which end). Make sure like values are always touching.

If you don't have a domino that corresponds to the ones on the layout, you must pass. Most Jamaican players will either lay down their dominoes to show they “pass” or they will “click” two dominoes together twice to show they have passed.

Who wins: The first person to run out of dominoes wins OR if everybody passes (GAME BLOCKED). The winner is the person with the lowest score. You count your score by the number of dots on the tiles remaining in your hand.

Depending the “six love” game you are playing here is how you win overall

  • If one person or a partner team has wins six in a row. This type of game could be very long. For example if a partner team or player has won 5 rounds in a row and some else or another partner team wins the 6th round the game has to be started over. 
  • If one person or a partner win the best of six games
  • If a partner team has combined to win six games in a game with two players, or 100 points with three or more players. The lowest score  wins.

Learn To Play The Game Here: Straight Six or Six Love 

When you get to the site, click one of the buttons on your right under View This Title to start the game.

 

Listen to Live Jamaican Radio

 

Black Missionary Pioneers

In the annals of church history and of missions, the place of Europeans in taking the message of salvation to benighted souls is well-known. And all honour is due to them. What is not as well-known, however, is the prominent part played by people of other races.

In regards to the story of the planting the church in Jamaica, the part played in the early days by Black preachers is almost unknown to the vast majority of Jamaican Christians. With no intention of detracting from the debt we Christians owe to our white brothers and sisters, I would like to balance the scales in the interest of the truth by telling somewhat the story of Black missionary and evangelistic pioneers in Jamaica.

The first missionaries to Jamaica were Moravians, mostly Germans and British, or people from America of German extraction. They first arrived at Black River, St. Elizabeth, on December 9, 1754, and focused on the parish. True, the Anglican Church was here from 1655, when chaplains accompanied the conquering Admiral Penn and General Venables.

But, even the late much respected Bishop Percival Gibson had to admit that "It is a blot upon the history of our church that we did nothing in those days for the uplift of the slaves, and for imparting to them the principles of the Christian religion" in Christ for Jamaica, quoted by Bishop S.U. Hastings in Seedtime and Harvest, (pg.11.) This did change, however, with the coming of Bishop Christopher Lipscombe in 1824.

EFFECTIVE MINISTRY

Yet, really effective ministry to the slaves, and an eager response of the Jamaican populace to the message of the gospel, was to await the coming of free Blacks from America in the 1780s following the end of the War of American Independence. The church, not only in Jamaica, but also in Bermuda, the Bahamas and Trinidad, benefited from these Americans. In the case of Jamaica, the names George Liele and Moses Baker are prominent. Liele arrived from Savanna, Georgia, in 1783, having already established a Baptist church in that city. Like many other slaves who had been promised freedom in return for fighting for the British in the American Revolution, they had to flee the newly independent American colonies. Most came on British ships to the Caribbean.

Liele came as an indentured worker and got a job in Customs where he worked to pay back the money loaned to him for his fare. He had been saved and ordained a Baptist minister in Georgia in 1775. Immediately he began to preach in Kingston on the Race Course, today's National Heroes Park. In 1784, he started a church in a home, and by 1791 opened the Windward Road Baptist Church at the south-eastern corner of Elletson and Windward roads.

Out of this church grew today's East Queen Street and Hanover Street Baptist churches. Clement Gayle, in George Liele, Pioneer Missionary to Jamaica, argues that George came to Jamaica not just as a refugee, but decidedly with the intention of preaching the gospel to the slaves. He tells us that "Liele's preaching met with immediate response." In his letter of 1791 to Dr. Rippon, the British editor of the Baptist Annual Register, he reported 500 converts, 400 of whom were already baptised. "We have together with well-wishers and followers in different parts of the country, about 1,500 people."

SIGNIFICANT GROWTH

Liele's work continued to grow. Among his early converts was one Moses Baker, himself an American freed slave. Baker had a spectacular conversion, and was zealous for his Lord. He was hired by a Quaker estate holder from the 'Stretch and Set' plantation near Adelphi, St. James, to teach his slaves. George Lascelles Winn, had bought some slaves in Kingston, many of whom were Liele's members. He also hired Baker's wife to be a seamstress for his slaves Not desiring to separate husband and wife, and hearing that Baker was a preacher, he hired him also to 'teach his slaves'.

Baker established the first Baptist church in western Jamaica the same year that Liele opened his church in Kingston. That congregation, Crooked Spring Baptist Church, later moved to Salter's Hill. It later was the church of Samuel Sharpe, Baptist deacon and National Hero. Thus was Baptist work in Jamaica spread. Later, both Liele and Baker were to write to the English Baptists to send them missionaries, in order to overcome the hindrance to preaching to the slaves that were put in their path by the Consolidated Slave Laws of 1802-1810. The first white Baptist missionaries came to Jamaica in 1814, 30 years after these American freed slaves had began their missionary work in Jamaica.

The Moravians who had arrived nearly 30 years before the America Baptist preachers had seen little growth in their work. A possible cause was because they may have been seen as adjuncts of the white slave society. They had been invited to Jamaica by slave owners, and promised financial support from their estates in north-eastern St. Elizabeth, at Elim, Lancaster, Two-Miles Wood, and Bogue. When these arrangements did not work out well, due to the opposition of the attorneys and overseers who ran the estates, the missionaries were given an 800-acre estate adjoining New River, near to Santa Cruz, which they named 'Carmel'.

MISSIONARY SLAVEHOLDERS

Here they had to keep slaves themselves, as no labour was available for hire to run the estate. Hastings, quoting from The Breaking of the Dawn tells us that "... In order to provide the necessities of life, they had to grow ground provisions and to keep a cattle pen... This... was impossible without slave labour. Consequently, the missionaries became slave holders. Free servants could not be procured... Carmel was worked by 30 to 40 slaves... Very few could be persuaded at any time of their own accord to attend the services. Most of them would only come when they were commanded to do so... for a period of four to five years, not more that four or five would attend, and we think we have the right to 'command them to come in'." After about 50 years of effort, for various reasons, there was little growth to show for it. But change was soon to come, providentially, in the person of a slave named of George Lewis.

Lewis was brought to the attention of John Lang, a missionary at Carmel by another slave, Robert Peart. Peart was from the Spice Grove property on the edge of Don Figueroa Mountain, of what is now Manchester (overlooking the Spur Tree Hill and the plains of St. Elizabeth). Peart had come to faith in Christ through Lewis's preaching. Peart, a Mandingo from the West African coast, came to Jamaica about 1777. He met Lewis who converted him from his Mohammedan faith to accept Jesus Christ as his Saviour.

Feeling that he needed more counselling in his new faith, he sought out Lang, of whom he had heard but not met. He ran to Carmel, a distance of about 16 miles, to meet Lang, eventually joined the church, and became a helper, like an Elder. Lewis, we are told, had gone to America with his mistress, a Miss Valentine, where he had been converted. Returning to Jamaica, his mistress allowed him to go about as a pedlar, and share a percentage of the profits with her, (a not uncommon practice at the time). Much of his peddling and preaching was done in St. Elizabeth and Manchester, the same general area in which the Moravians were active. The Moravians' work had just begun to show some growth.

 

 A Spiritual Jamaica
by Iris May Graham

jamaica Religion is fundamental to Jamaican life. Its importance is evident in Jamaican speech, which has many references to Biblical events. The island has the highest number of churches per capita in the world and more than 100 different Christian denominations.

Most Jamaicans are Christians; the largest denominations are the Anglicans, Baptists, Methodists, Pentecostals, Brethren and Roman Catholics. Christianity in the form of Roman Catholicism arrived with Spanish colonization in the late 15th century. When the British over threw the Spanish in 1655, they introduced the Church of England (Anglicanism) and repressed Catholicism; the practice went underground until 1792, when Catholic worship was permitted again. Baptists arrived in Jamaica during the Civil War, when Americans immigrated to the island, bringing their former slaves. The Baptist church had an antislavery stance and quickly grew in popularity.

Jews arrived in Jamaica in the 16th century, fleeing the Spanish inquisition. Home of the oldest synagogue in the western hemisphere, Jamaica still has a large Jewish community in Kingston. There are also many Hindus and Muslims, descendants of people who came from India to work as indentured servants.

Jamaica is home to several religions, one of which is Rastafarianism, practised by about 5% of the population. Based on Black nationalism, Rastafarianism was first embraced by people at the bottom of the economic ladder, who were trying to reclaim their African heritage. Central to the religion is the belief in the divinity of Haile Selassie, who was crowned king of Ethiopia in 1930 and claimed his descent from King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. Rastas believe that Selassie waschosen to lead the African people (Jahs), who hold a special significance in the Bible and the world. Rastafarianism has no churches or political parties, but it is very visible; followers adopt styles of speech, behaviour, diet and dress that distinguish them from "Babylon" (the rest of society. )


 

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