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Eny Anggraini Buchary

Ir. (IPB), M.Sc. (UBC)

Contacts: e.buchary@gmail.com and e.buchary@fisheries.ubc.ca


I am currently a PhD candidate at the Department of Resource Management and Environmental Studies of the University of British Columbia (UBC). I undertake my PhD research at the Policy & Ecosystem Restoration in Fisheries (PERF) Research Group at the UBC Fisheries Centre under the supervision of Prof. Tony J. Pitcher.

 

I earned my Engineer (Ir., Insinyur, 1991) in Fisheries Science degree from Bogor Agricultural University (Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB) in Indonesia. Under the supervision of Prof. Dedi Sudharma, I completed a thesis research on the population dynamics of mud crab (Scylla serrata) in Cikaso brackish-water lagoon on the southern coast of West Java, adjacent to the Indian Ocean.

 

I earned my M.Sc. in Resource Management and Environmental Studies degree from UBC Fisheries Centre (1999) under the supervision of Prof. Daniel Pauly, where I evaluated the effect of the 1980 Indonesian trawl ban on the sustainability of the Java Sea fisheries, using an ecosystem-based modelling approach.


Background of PhD research

My current research interest lies in finding out feasible ways and developing options for responsible use of marine fisheries resources in developing countries, where poverty, unreliable fisheries statistics, and socio-economic issues are daily staples.

The majority of developing country fisheries, particularly in South-East Asia, are small- and medium-scale, traditional and artisanal, multispecies and multigear fisheries, employ high number of people, and strong in patron-client relationship and socio-culture norms. Due to these diverse characters, these fisheries often are not easy to manage and therefore, are marginalized from mainstream policy-making. As a result, many policies formulated are inadequate, unsustainable and biased towards band-aid solution. While some fishing communities used to regard their livelihood as lifestyle of their choice, in these days of global economic hardship, many now regard their livelihood as the option of the last resort. Consequently, to ride out rough times, fishers often respond to policies (e.g., catch reporting) with leverage strategy (i.e., to under-report, and /or misreport), which in turns will affect feed back to management policies and the sustainability of the resources.

In my PhD research, using a case study of a medium-scale sardine fishery in the Bali Strait, Indonesia, I aim to: (1) explore and understand the dynamics of the fishery using synthesis of historical accounts and socio-culture perspectives, (2) trace and contrast the time series of reported sardine catch data throughout multiple jurisdictional levels of fisheries statistics system, (3) reconstruct the time series of sardine true catch and calculate the unreported catch, (4) explore various trade-off of policy options using ‘Ecopath with Ecosim’ ecosystem-based modeling, given the estimated true catch, reported catch, and climatic variability (i.e., El Niño), and by using multiple sources of information, including local knowledge and stakeholders’ perspectives, and (5) evaluate the sustainability status of these policy options using multiple dimensional scaling scoring system (i.e., RapFish) based on the transparent and semi-quantitative scoring of sets of ecological, economic, ethical, social, technological and human dimensions of fisheries attributes.

A total of five-month fieldwork in the study area was carried out in 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2006. Ninety-two respondents (18 female and 74 male) were recruited and canvassed using snowball sampling method for individual semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion and taxonomy/toponymy/etymology interviews. Additional methods of data collection include participatory fishing (video clip

Slerek night fishing in the Bali Strait, Indonesia

), landing site censuses, taking photographs and video footage of relevant objects of observation, opportunistic surveys of the fishing ports, fishing villages and fish markets, and living within the fishing communities throughout the fieldwork. This PhD research also benefit from collaborations with fisheries scientists at the Research Centre for Capture Fisheries of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia.



Dissertation abstract

Traditional fisheries in developing countries are often marginalized from mainstream policy-making. This is crucial as many people depend on these fisheries for their livelihood.  Lack of holistic understanding of the trade has precluded implementation of effective policies and management.

Using a case study of a traditional, medium-scale sardine (Sardinella lemuru) fishery employing paired purse seiners (slerek) in the upwelling ecosystem of the Bali Strait, Indonesia, the overall objective of this dissertation is to search for viable policy options for responsible use of the sardine resources. This is achieved by exploring issues in multiple domains: biological, ecological, social, economic and human dimensions, in order to get a holistic view of the fishery.  A synthesis of the official catch statistics shows that administrative inefficiencies and lack of good governance have created different versions of production statistics for the fishery. Not all sardine caught and landed are entirely reported; on average fishing-day, only about 45% of the catch is landed in government landing sites. Analyses show that traditional fisheries, such as the slerek fishery, contribute to the practise of illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. From 1950 to 2001, only half to one-third of what were actually caught were reported. A socio-economic analysis indicates that financial uncertainty and poverty are the reasons for this IUU fishing practise.

Single-species and ecosystem-based assessments concluded that the slerek fishery has overexploited the sardine resources. Ecosystem analyses (Ecopath with Ecosim: EwE) using 20-year simulations (2001-20) suggest that climatic variability would increase the fishery; with a caveat of increased landing volatility. Insights derived from five harvest strategies tested using stochastic El Niño effects show that only 50% fishing effort reduction from the 2001 level could provide a sustainable option in the long term. Finally, an evaluation of the sustainability status of these harvest strategies was implemented using RAPFISH with a newly-proposed evaluation field, the human dimensions of traditional fisheries. Results show that trade-offs between economic and human dimension options are crucial in our case, as forgone values from human dimension option is more than what we can derive from choosing an economic option. 


Scholarships, Awards, Fellowships and Bursaries During PhD Study
  • Partial University Graduate Fellowship, 2002 – 04 (UBC)
  • PhD Tuition Fee Award, 2003 – 05 (UBC)
  • IDRC Doctoral Research Award, 2004 – 05
  • NSERC Graduate Research Fellowship (through Prof. T.J. Pitcher), 2003 – 04, 2005 – 06, and 2007 – 08
  • Canada Study Grant for Female Doctoral Students, 2003 – 04, 2005 – 07
  • M. Dorothy Mawdsley Bursary, 2006 – 07
  • Glen Cropsey Memorial Bursary, 2006 – 07
  • University of British Columbia Bursary, 2007 – 09
  • UBC Fisheries Centre Trust Fund, 2002
  • UBC Graduate Student Travel Award, 2002
  • GLOBEC Travel Award, 2008
  • SSHRC Travel Award, 2008


Other experience

Following the completion of my undergraduate training, I joined a Canadian-Indonesian joint venture environmental consulting firm in Indonesia as an environmental/fisheries biologist (1991 – 1995). In this capacity, I demonstrated my multi-tasking ability in the technical management of various environmental and fisheries projects in South East Asia, which often involved fieldwork in remote areas and interactions with experts from different disciplines and nationalities.

Upon completion of my Masters, I worked as a research scientist at UBC Fisheries Centre for two years, working primarily on a study that uses the application of an ecosystem-based modelling approach to forecast and evaluate the benefit of Marine Protected Areas and artificial reefs deployment in rebuilding the decimated marine ecosystem of the South China Sea. This project was a work that was commissioned to UBC Fisheries Centre by the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government. In addition, I also worked in the 'Sea Around Us Project ', notably in the construction of ecosystem models for Icelandic marine ecosystem in 1950 and 1997 ; in assisting Dr. Villy Christensen to test the Ecopath, Ecosim and Ecospace software package, and in assisting Dr. Ussif Rashid Sumaila in developing the Global Database of Ex-vessel Fish Price.

I have been an active collaborator of FishBase since 1997, and had co-contributed in the updating and dissemination of the work of Schuster and Djajadiredja (1952) on 4,501 common names of Indonesian fishes. The contribution included literal translation of these common names into lingua-franca Indonesian and English from various indigenous languages of the archipelago based on my knowledge of these languages and by using dictionaries. 

As a photography enthusiast, I also like to take photographs of people, places, and nature when traveling and doing research. I have built photograph portfolio mainly focusing on fishing folks, their fisheries and their culture.


Selected Publications

Refereed:

Buchary, E.A., Pitcher, T.J., and Sumaila, U.R. (in press). Unaccounted values: under-reporting sardine catches as a strategy against poverty in the Bali Strait, Indonesia. In: R. Ommer, R.I. Perry, P. Cury and K. Cochrane (eds.). World Fisheries: A Social-Ecological Analysis. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK. Forthcoming, Spring 2010.

Pitcher, T.J., Ainsworth, C., Buchary, E.A., Cheung, W.L., Forrest, R., Haggan, N., Lozano, H., Morato, T., and Morissette, L. 2005. Strategic management of marine ecosystems using whole-ecosystem simulation modelling: the ‘Back to The Future’ policy approach. In Levner, E., Linkov, I., and Proth, J.-M. (eds). Strategic Management of Marine Ecosystems. NATO Science Series IV - Earth and Environmental Sciences 50: 199 – 258.

Pitcher, T.J., Heymans, S.J.J., Ainsworth, C., Buchary, E.A., Sumaila, U.R. and Christensen, V. 2004. Opening The Lost Valley: Implementing A ‘Back To Future’ Restoration Policy For Marine Ecosystems and Their Fisheries. In Knudsen, E.E., MacDonald, D.D. and Muirhead, J.K. (eds) Sustainable Management of North American Fisheries. American Fisheries Society Symposium 43: 165-193.

Fauzi, A. and Buchary, E.A. 2002. A socio-economic perspective of environmental degradation at Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park, Indonesia. Coastal Management 30: 167 - 181..

Pitcher, T.J., Buchary, E.A. and Hutton, T. 2002. Forecasting the Benefits of No-take Human-made Reefs Using Spatial Ecosystem Simulation. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59: S17-S26.


Non-Refereed:

Pitcher, T.J.,  Buchary, E.A. and Pramod, G. 2006. An Estimation of Compliance of the Fisheries of Indonesia with Article 7 (Fisheries Management) of the FAO (UN) Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing. 37p. In: Pitcher, T.J., Kalikoski, D. and Pramod, G. (eds) Evaluations of Compliance with the FAO (UN) Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 14(2): 1191pp.

Buchary, E.A. 2005. Seven months in Indonesia: seeking a more balanced view of fisheries management. FishBytes, The Newsletter of the Fisheries Centre at UBC 11(2): 1-2.

Bundy, A., Buchary, E.A., Chuenpagdee, R., Dingerson, L., Giannico, G., Lambert, D., Liguori, L., Liu, Y., Poon, A., Salas, S., Turnipseed, M. 2005. To Boldly Go Where No One Has Gone Before. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 13(2): 71-76

Cheung, W.L., Ainsworth, C., Simms, J., Buchary, E.A. 2005. Tools to Reconcile Fisheries with Conservation: Insights from the 4th World Fisheries Congress. Fisheries Centre Research Report 13(2): 49-55.

Chuenpagdee, R., Bundy, A., Ainsworth, C., Buchary, E.A., Cheung, W.L., Dingerson, L., Ferris, B., Freire, K., Giannico, G., Holt, C., Lambert, D., Liguori, L., Liu, Y., Nandakumar, D., Poon, A., Salas, S., Salomon, A., Simms, J., Turnipseed, M., Ware, C. 2005. Reconciling Fisheries with Conservation: Overview of Papers Presented at the 4th World Fisheries Congress. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 13(2): 7-17.

Buchary, E.A., W.L. Cheung, U.R. Sumaila and T.J. Pitcher. 2003. Back to the Future: a Paradigm Shift for Restoring Hong Kong’s Marine Ecosystem. Proceedings of the 3rd World Fisheries Congress. Beijing, People’s Republic of China, October 31 – November 3, 2000. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, USA. American Fisheries Society Symposium 38: 727–746.

Buchary, E.A., D. S. Wahyuningsih and D. Pauly. 2003. Documenting the common names of Indonesian fishes. FishBytes, The Newsletter of the Fisheries Centre at UBC 9(5): 6-7.

Buchary, E.A., and U.R. Sumaila. 2002. Which restoration goal is best? In: T.J. Pitcher, M. Power, and L. Wood (eds.). Restoring the past to salvage the future: report on a community participation workshop in Prince Rupert, B.C. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 10(7): 25-27.

Pitcher, T.J., Buchary, E.A. and Trujillo, P. (Eds.). 2002. Spatial simulations of Hong Kong’s marine ecosystem: forecasting with MPAs and human-made reefs. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 10(3): 168 p.

Pitcher, T.J. and Buchary, E.A. 2002. Ecospace simulations for the People’s Republic of China (PRC) inshore waters. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 10(3): 36-44.

Pitcher, T.J. and Buchary, E.A. 2002. Ecospace simulations for Hong Kong waters. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 10(3): 27-35.

Buchary, E.A. and Pitcher, T.J. 2002. Temporal simulations using Ecosim. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 10(3): 19-26.

Buchary, E.A., Pitcher, T.J., Cheung W.L., and Hutton, T. 2002. New Ecopath models of the Hong Kong marine ecosystem. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 10(3): 6-16.

Buchary, E.A., Alder, J , Nurhakim, S., and Wagey, T. 2002. The Use of Ecosystem-based Modelling to Investigate Multi-species Management Strategies for Capture Fisheries in the Bali Strait, Indonesia. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 10(2): 24-32.

Mendy, A.N. and Buchary, E.A. 2001. Constructing the Icelandic marine ecosystem model for 1997 using a mass-balance modelling approach. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 9(4): 182-197.

Buchary, E.A. 2001. Preliminary reconstruction of the Icelandic marine ecosystem in 1950 and some predictions with time series data. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 9(4): 198-206.


Oral presentations
Buchary, E.A., Pitcher, T.J., and Sumaila, U.R. Unaccounted values: under-reporting sardine catches as a strategy against poverty in the Bali Strait, Indonesia. Oral presentation at the “Coping with global change in marine social-ecological systems” Symposium at the FAO-UN, Rome, Italy in July 9 - 11, 2008.

Buchary, E.A. Back to the Future Study in Hong Kong. Oral presentation at the “Back to the Future in the Sea of Cortez”, IPN-CICIMAR/UBC Workshop, La Paz, Mexico, November 4 – 6, 2002.

Buchary, E.A., Ainsworth, C., Cheung, W.L., and Rizzo, Y. Ecosystem management: a new approach in fisheries science. Oral presentation to His Royal Highness Prince Philip the Duke of Edinburgh, during the Royal Visit to the University of British Columbia celebrating the Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II, Vancouver, Canada, October 7, 2002.

Buchary, E.A., Cheung, W.L., Sumaila, U.R., and Pitcher, T.J. Coastal fisheries management in the South China Sea: an ecosystem approach. Oral presentation at the Coastal Zone Asia Pacific (CZAP) 2002 Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, May 11 - 17, 2002.

Buchary, E.A., Cheung, W.L., Sumaila, U.R., and Pitcher, T.J. Back to the Future: a Paradigm Shift for Restoring Hong Kong’s Marine Ecosystem. Oral presentation at the 3rd World Fisheries Congress. Beijing, People’s Republic of China, October 31 – November 3, 2000.

Poster presentations
Buchary, E.A. and Pitcher, T.J. 2004. Towards reversing shifting baselines in fisheries: How historical accounts of great abundance affect the cognitive map of resource users. Poster presentation at the 4th World Fisheries Congress, Vancouver, Canada, May 2 – 6, 2004. (Ph.D. work).

Buchary, E.A. and Sumaila, U.R. 2004. Development of a global database of ex-vessel prices for commercial marine resources. Poster presentation at the 4th World Fisheries Congress, Vancouver, Canada, May 2 – 6, 2004.

Buchary, E.A., Pitcher, T.J., and Hutton, T. 1999. Application of marine ecosystem modelling to artificial reefs deployment studies: a demonstration of Ecospace. Poster presentation at the 7th International Conference on Artificial Reefs and Related Habitat (CARAH 7th), San Remo, Italy, October 1999.

Buchary, E.A. 1997. On the building of a ‘snap-shot’ model of the Java Sea ecosystem prior to the 1980 trawl. Poster presentation at the Joint Workshop of the Australian Society for Fish Biology and the Fish and Aquatic Resource Management Association of Australasia, Darwin, Australia, July 1997. (M.Sc. work).


Courses Taught
Demonstration and Practice in Using Simple Mass-Balance and Dynamic Ecosystem Models at the “Strategic Management of Marine Ecosystems”, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Science Programme, Advanced Study Institute, Sophia Antipolis, France, October 1 – 11, 2003.

Introduction to Ecosystem-based Modeling in the EOSC 478 course (Introduction to Fisheries Science) at the Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, in term 2 of 2002/2003 academic year (as a guest lecturer).

Ecosystem-based Modelling Using Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) at the “International Course of the Postgraduate Studies in Oceanography 2000 on Toward Ecosystem Management: New Simulation, Policy and Rapid Appraisal Tools for Fisheries”, at the Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile, December 4-15, 2000 (with Prof. T.J. Pitcher).


Conference Organization
Invited as Session Leader in Theme 7 (Coastal Fishing and Community Empowerment) for the “Coastal Zone Asia Pacific 2006 Conference” in Batam, Indonesia (August 29 – September 2, 2006) – Declined.

One of the presentation evaluators during the Fourth World Fisheries Congress in Vancouver, Canada, May 2-6, 2004.

Lead Facilitator in Theme 6 (Integrated Coastal Policy) and Group 4 (Policy) during the “Coastal Zone Asia Pacific 2002 Conference” in Bangkok, Thailand.