The potential differences that can be recorded between scalp electrodes are due to the fact that synchronized neuronal activity in the brain generates an electric field that propagates to the surface. In order to understand the generation of this field at each moment in time, the spatial configuration, i.e. the topography of the field has to be analyzed. To do that, high resolution recordings and spatial pattern analysis methods have to be applied, techniques generally known as EEG Mapping methods.

EEG maps are the precursor of source localization techniques. These are methods that intend to estimate the active neuronal generators in the brain at any given moment in time. By applying such methods, the EEG can be considered as an electric neuroimaging procedure with very high temporal resolution.

• Functional micro-state segmentation.

• Source localization.

• Frequency analysis of multi-channel EEG.