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RFHall Nonviolence Committee

 Nonviolence is a philosophy and strategy for social change that rejects the use of physical violence. As such, nonviolence is an alternative to passive acceptance of oppression and armed struggle against it. Practitioners of nonviolence may use diverse methods in their campaigns for social change, including critical forms of education and persuasion, civil disobedience and nonviolent direct action, and targeted communication via mass media.

In modern times, nonviolence has been a powerful tool for social protest.

Mahatma Gandhi led a decades-long nonviolent struggle against British rule in India, which eventually helped India win its independence in 1947. About 10 years later, Martin Luther King adopted Gandhi's nonviolent methods in his struggle to win civil rights for African Americans. Then in the 1960s César Chávez organized a campaign of nonviolence to protest the treatment of farm workers in California. These three leaders proved that people can bring about social change without using violence. As Chavez once explained, "Nonviolence is not inaction. It is not for the timid or the weak. It is hard work, it is the patience to win."

 
The term "nonviolence" is often linked with or even used as a synonym for pacifism; however, the two concepts are fundamentally different. Pacifism denotes the rejection of the use of violence as a personal decision on moral or spiritual grounds, but does not inherently imply any inclination toward change on a sociopolitical level. Nonviolence on the other hand, presupposes the intent of (but does not limit it to) social or political change as a reason for the rejection of violence. Also, a person may advocate nonviolence in a specific context while advocating violence in other contexts.
 
Nonviolence is an active and powerful way to build a better world. It involves this fundamental understanding: that  "We and everything are connected.  Nonviolence means living your life sincerely supporting those connections."  In a nutshell... Nonviolence is an expression of our interconnection.     Everything you do has an impact on other people, on the planet and on the animals with whom you share the world. Living Nonviolence as a way of life means making the connections -- making the right choices so that your impact is in line with your moral values.

Nearly all the problems in the world today stem from the fact that people have forgotten who they really are. Nonviolence offers direction so you can remember who you are and act in a reconnected way. It’s a win-win way of living -- you’ll build a better life for you and a better world for everyone.
 
Nonviolence As A Strategy.
  • Nonviolence works toward long-lasting, uplifting change where everyone is involved in building a better society.
  • Nonviolence values the life and liberty of all.
  • Nonviolence is available to everyone. You don’t need big muscles or guns or money to use Nonviolence. Nonviolence brings power back to the people… where it belongs.
  • Nonviolence honors truth. There is no need for secrets or lies. Our purposes are clear, our motives are clear, and our methods are clear and announced.
  • Nonviolence connects you to everyone -- you are never alone.
  • Nonviolence cannot be marginalized. And if it is co-opted by the opponent, everyone still wins.

Why Nonviolence Is The Strategy.
Traditional Nonviolence tactics have been studied and marginalized by those who control by force, disconnection and violence. Our marches and speeches are ignored by the corporate-owned media. Our letters are ignored and our emails are deleted. We are even forced into “free speech zones” where we can be more easily ignored and controlled.

But Nonviolence isn’t just holding up signs in protest on weeke
nds and then going back to life as usual. In order for Nonviolence to work, it must have strategy, planning and a real effect that will bring about change in the opponent or replace the unjust system entirely.

Nonviolence is built on strategy and has a direct effect regardless of the opponent’s conscience or their willingness to change -- Nonviolence as a way of life. We can build a world reflective of our values only when we consume consciously and live our lives consistently with our values. It’s that simple.

Why Now?
There isn’t time for philosophical reflections or elitist throwing of crumbs. People are starving right now. The planet is struggling to breathe right now. So, it’s time for revolutionary change… right now.
 

"We are now faced with the fact that tomorrow is today. We are confronted with the fierce urgency of now. In this unfolding conundrum of life and history there is such a thing as being too late... We still have a choice today; Nonviolent coexistence or violent co-annihilation."
- Martin Luther King, Jr.


Why don't we hear of the triumphs of Nonviolence -- the "people power" that tumbles oppressive regimes?  All over the world lasting, positive change is the result not of trillion-dollar armies, but of Nonviolent people power. Why don’t we hear about these remarkable revolutions? The information blackout is no accident. Perhaps we don’t learn about Nonviolent revolution because… it works! Nonviolent people power can change the world. That’s a scary thought for the miniscule minority hanging on for dear life to the helm of power.

For a group to remain in power without representing the true will of the people, they must maintain power by manipulation and by force -- military force -- a worldwide police state. This is why some of the most out-of-touch and top-heavy governments in the world have to maintain and use an over-the-top show of force.

What if the secret got out? What if people knew that Nonviolence works? What if they knew that they didn’t need big muscles and guns and the inhumanity to use them? What if people stopped giving their power away to the oppressor? What if the power suddenly shifted back to the people?

It would mean the creation of a world reflective of the values of the people. And for the most part, those values (truth, justice, freedom, kindness, compassion, goodwill toward people, toward the planet and toward animals, etc.) are good. What an amazing world this could be… and it could happen practically overnight if we organized around our values.


"We are convinced that non-violence is more powerful than violence. We are convinced that non-violence supports you if you have a just and moral cause...If you use violence, you have to sell part of yourself for that violence. Then you are no longer a master of your own struggle."
- Cesar Chavez

What Is violence?
We may be disconnected and have forgotten that we all share the Earth; that we breathe the same air and drink the same water; that we have the same emotions, needs and desires; that we all want to be free and to be happy.

We may be disconnected from ourselves about what happiness truly is, the difference between needs and desires, knowing when enough is enough, and knowing how to have discipline over our words and actions.
In a nutshell... violence is an expression of our disconnection.
 
Violence Takes Many Forms.
We’re so immersed in outright physical violence (torture, terrorism, war, domestic & child abuse, robbery, rape, murder, drug wars, and so much more) that sometimes we may not recognize the other rampant violence of racism, militarism, speciesism, poverty and materialism.

If we ignore these violent acts or dismiss them, we’re giving permission to the oppressors to carry on business as usual. It’s not only wrong to inflict violence, it is also wrong to turn a blind eye to violence or to support the violators with our dollars, our votes and our actions.

"Non-cooperation with evil is as much a duty as is cooperation with good."
- Mohandas Gandhi

 

Examples Of violence Against Society.
Materialism and over-consumption. If someone has too much, then someone else is going without. Or as Gandhi explained, “If you have more than you need, you are stealing from someone else.” This involves a disconnection from the resources being used, from the needs of those in the future, from one’s fellow humans who are in need, and disconnection from oneself and what happiness really means.

Consuming unsustainable resources. Using resources that cannot be renewed depletes the Earth and results in suffering and want for people now and in the future. Again, this represents a disconnection from the impact of our choices.

Propaganda. Unethical and unthinking industries purposefully disconnect you from your values, your choices and the consequences of your choices. These industries use multibillion-dollar marketing campaigns to confuse you into consuming more and more things that are not in line with your true values.

Militarism. This disconnection from our brothers and sisters with whom we share the world along with the unjust belief that “might makes right” kills innocent people, kills innocent animals, destroys our environment and wastes trillions of dollars worldwide -- money and resources that could be used to feed, clothe, house and heal those in need.

"It is no longer the choice between violence and Nonviolence;
it is either Nonviolence or nonexistence."
- Martin Luther King, Jr.

Racism. The unjust belief that race determines human character and that one person is superior to another based on skin color or heritage perpetuates hatred, separation and wars rather than promoting brotherhood, sisterhood and community. Disconnection from our similarities -- that we all want to be free and happy -- leads to oppression and death in so many ways.

Pollution. This disconnection results in the contamination of our shared resources (earth, air and water). It deprives and harms ourselves, other people and wild animals of present and future generations of a world with clean air, clean water, good health and the majesty of nature.
 
Why violence Doesn't Lead To A Better Society.
There may be some people who are still skeptical of Nonviolence. They may not yet understand its power or its core principle that a connected society is a just society. Maybe they think violence might hurry things along. Some may even think, “Sure, you do Nonviolence and I’ll do violence… together we’d be a great team because people will be afraid of me and then they’ll negotiate with you.” It doesn’t work that way. When you are perceived as part of a movement and you are violent, the movement is perceived as violent regardless of the ratio of violence to Nonviolence.

Nonviolence is like a glass of clean water. Even one drop of blood (violence) makes all of the water bloody. Once you bloody the water it takes enormous amounts of clean water without any additional blood to hope to ever again have clean water. And even then, it will never be completely clean.
 
I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent.” - Mohandas Gandhi

There are many reasons why violence doesn’t work in the long run:

  • Nonviolence works toward a shared community and reconciliation; violence does not support that goal. violence always has a loser who will feel alienated and seek to overturn the other at the earliest opportunity.
  • Nonviolence works to win the support of people and society; we want people to join us. Whereas violence has the opposite effect -- most people don't want violence in their lives.
  • A conflict between a Nonviolent group and a violent group is a moral argument; if the Nonviolent group can be provoked into using violence, the violent group wins.
  • Nonviolence groups are often deliberately infiltrated by members of the violent opposition hoping to dismantle the movement. It is often easy to recognize these infiltrators because they will advocate and provoke violence pretending that violence will lead to justice, but knowing it will cause society to turn against the movement. When we practice Nonviolence, we quickly expose our opponents.
  • violence is easier, but it makes everyone’s job harder
  • Nonviolence promotes love and compassion; violence promotes hate and fear.
“Live Simply So That Others May Simply Live ”
 
 

You Can Build A World That Reflects Your Values.
Each of our choices in the past -- collectively billions of them every single day -- built the world we live in today. And each of our choices from this moment forward will build the world we live in tomorrow.

The world we live in right now doesn’t reflect what we truly want or need because, in the past, we've been disconnected from ourselves, others and the impact of our choices. We failed to see the connection between those choices and their impact on others. And we failed to align those choices and their impact with our values.

When we connect and each of our choices is true to our values (truth, justice, freedom, kindness, compassion, goodwill toward people, toward the planet and toward animals, etc.), that's when the world will begin to reflect those values.

“One day we must come to see that peace is not merely a distant
goal we seek, but that it is a means by which we arrive at that goal.
We must pursue peaceful ends through peaceful means."
- Dr. Martin Luther King Jr

How do you do this? Use your internal compass of compassion. Each of us has it inside us. For some it's been buried for a long time. But it's there. The compass points to good and to what we, as fundamentally good people, really want. Use that compass when making choices. Who and what will this choice impact? Is there a better choice?

For example, you could buy an apple sprayed with chemicals. The chemicals were also sprayed on farm workers, wildlife, the land, and into our air and water. Or you could choose the organic apple that supports the small farmer, supports the farm workers, protects wildlife and the environment and keeps your body healthy. That’s a simple, everyday choice that when combined with the everyday choices of millions of caring people can bring about monumental positive change. Think of the combined impact of all of our everyday choices.
 

Everyone has inside of him a piece of good news. The good news is that you don't know how great you can be! How much you can love! What you can accomplish! And what your potential is!
- Anne Frank

 
What Can I Do?
How To Get Started.

Learn About Nonviolence. Study its successes. Understand the power of living your life aligned with your values in order to make this world a better place. You may learn more in our resources.

If you want others to be happy, practice compassion.
If you want to be happy, practice compassion.”
- The Dalai Lama

Live A Life Connected.
Living Nonviolence as a way of life is "living a life connected." The process goes something like this:   Is the impact of your choices in line with your values? Are your choices a vote for human rights, the environment, compassion for animals and Nonviolence? Or do your choices support greed, environmental destruction, cruelty and violence? If the impact of your actions is aligned with your values, do more of the same. If the impact of your choices is not aligned with your values, change your actions so that the impact of those actions aligns with your values.  This process is not always easy. But with practice and as you make more connections, the process will become easier. Nonviolence will become part of your life and new Nonviolence habits will form. When we truly want to build a world reflective of your values -- values of goodness -- we have take personal responsibility and put in the effort. It's simple, it's powerful, and it's in your hands.


Simplify. 
Live simply so others may simply live. Reject the constant demand to consume at the expense of people, the planet and the animals. Become conscious of the impact your consumption has on others. Imagine the world if billions of people lived exactly as you do. Would it be truly sustainable?

Think critically. 
A healthy democracy depends wholly on its informed citizenry. An unethical corporate and political monster feeds on the unquestioning. Your daily life and your choices build or dismantle that monster.

Start!  Start anywhere, but start! Bring Nonviolence into your life and then offer the gift of Nonviolence at your workplace, to your social justice movement and to your community. Connect with your moral values. Connect with the impact of your choices. Connect with each other.
 
Build The Positive
Many people fight against what they oppose. That may be useful, but it can be more productive, more sustainable and more powerful to build the positive. Rethink what you are against and instead stand up for what you are for. Are you against war? Stand up for peace. Are you against cruelty to animals? Stand up for kindness to animals. Are you against slavery? Stand up for fair trade and fair labor.

How do you stand up? Nonviolence as a way of life. Gandhi said, “We must be the change we wish to see in the world.” What that means is that you must live your life as if the Nonviolent world you want was already here. Support only that world -- fair trade, organic, animal-friendly, sustainable, local products, etc. This will build the world you want while dismantling the world you want to change.

Tools You'll Need.

Connection. Making connections will cause a fundamental shift from a society of violence to one of Nonviolence.

Truth. Truth is central to Nonviolence. There’s no need for fear or anger when talking with an opponent when your goal is truth. You can learn from your opponents. You may even learn where your opponent is disconnected and help lead them onto the path of Nonviolence.

Power. An oppressor (whether a government, an industry or an individual) has no power if we don’t give it to them. Stop giving it to them. This is a very basic component of Nonviolence -- non-cooperation with the oppressor.

Action! We must act! The future won’t be just and bright simply because we want it badly enough. We must take personal action and responsibility to do the right thing.
 
Courage. You may have to push yourself beyond the comfort of old habits. This will require strength. You may not always be popular speaking up for truth and acting with compassion. You may face personal attacks and maybe even physical attacks. Nonviolence isn’t always easy, it can be hard work. Stay strong.

Reconciliation. Nonviolence isn’t about winning power over your opponents; it is about attaining a more just society… together. Your fellow humans are not the enemy. The enemy is violence.

Anger Into Hope. You don’t have to strive to eliminate anger. Far from it. It’s only right to be outraged by injustice. Anger provides powerful energy -- use it wisely. Transform your anger into creative Nonviolent ways to be active, focused and more effective. This transformation will help you sustain your energy and your hope.
 
Love. How can we “love our enemies” when they cause us so much pain? Love in the tradition of Nonviolence doesn’t mean acceptance of an opponent. It doesn’t even mean you have to like your opponent. Love means connecting to the potential of your opponent. It means seeing yourself in your opponent.
 
 
 
RFHall Nonviolence Committee
 
 
In 2009 the RFHall NonViolence Committee continues to work in numerous ways to educate others about various human rights issues.  In particular, the injustice of war and militarism and the need to find nonviolent means to deal with conflict.  The committee host a number of events each year, such as: the National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women -December 6th; Human Rights Day - December 10th; the Christmas Sock Drive for the Homeless  - December 18th; International Womens Day  - March 8th; International Day For The Elimination of Racial Discrimination -  March 21st; the Annual Walk Against Male Violence -  May 21th; various peaceful demonstrations Against War, Peace Rallies, encouraging Canadian Troops to come home, and finally our annual campaign to end Military Cooperative Education Programs in Canadian schools.
 
 
We have also participated in events to end torture and to serve the homeless at the Good Shepherd Refuge in Toronto.  As well we connect with other peace and non-violence groups such as Educators for Social Justice  who are also trying to remove military presence from Canadian schools.  This year we began making presentations in area elementary schools to alert them to some of the issues and encourage them to also take action.
 
 

End Military Coop in Canadian Schools

Perhaps the chief concern for the NonViolence Committee at RFHall is to do all it can to end programs that encourage students to enter the military and employ methods of war and violence to deal with conflict and issues of injustice around the world. 

It seems entirely the antithesis of Catholic education that we would train our young people to shoot guns, throw grenades, learn about chemical and biological warfare when the Church teaches that war is immoral, particularly when it does not meet the basic requirements of a JUST WAR as outlined by St. Thomas Aquinas.   

  • A just war can only be waged as a last resort. All non-violent options must be exhausted before the use of force can be justified. 
  • A just war can only be fought to redress a wrong suffered.  
  • The weapons used in war must discriminate between combatants and non-combatants
  • The ultimate goal of a just war is to re-establish peace.
  • The violence used in the war must be proportional to the injury suffered.
  • Almost none of the preconditions that are needed to wage a just war can be met in our age of modern warfare where innocent civilians are too often considered collateral damage, and the use of bombs and high tech killing machines make it impossible to have any proportional sense of injury done.  Yet we continue to participate in wars of aggression in which we help invade and control sovereign nations - and in the process teach our children that violence and aggression will solve our problems - when all the lessons of history are to the contrary.

     Click here to see RFHall Nonviolence Movie on Military Coop with John Dear SJ.

    Fr. John Dear is a celebrated peace activist and the author of over twenty books; he also served as a chaplain ministering to the families of

    those killed on September 11th at the World Trade Centre. His life story has been a journey into the radical message of the Gospel and Jesus' instruction to love our enemies. Following in the footsteps of the great apostles of nonviolence - Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., Dorothy Day, Thomas Merton, Oscar Romero and Daniel and Philip Berrigan - John Dear, who has been arrested and imprisoned over 75 times, crisscrosses the United States and the world tirelessly preaching the message of the nonviolent Jesus. Sadly, his message will upset and disturb many people. But the Gospel is disturbing, if you take it seriously. Making his film Narrow Path changed the lives of those who made it, and I pray it changes the lives of many who watch it.


     
    RFHall Participates in 
    "Walk Against Male Violence"
     
     The Walk Against Male Violence is a project initiated in 1991 to confront sexism and violence against women.  Male violence encompasses a wide range of actions, personal and institutional,which oppress women and children in order to maintain a world of adult male gender privilege and power.  Ken Hancock, first had the idea of starting a walk for men against violence against women in 1991 "as a response to the massacre of fourteen women at the University of Montreal in 1989."
     
     
     
     
    He put together a written proposal and six months later the first of many such walks took place, beginning in Windsor and ending in Toronto. It has been going on every year since, and while organized by men, anyone is welcome to participate and show their support for abused women

    Canada's rates of male violence against women are still staggering. Statistics Canada reports that 61 per cent of sexual assault victims are youth under the age of 17--females between 11 and 17 are at the highest risk. In the majority of reported cases, victims are familiar with the accused. Physical, sexual and psychological violence is a major factor in women's health and well-being, according to the central statistical agency. Their shared medical costs, which exceed $1.5 billion every year, include those for short-term therapy for injuries, long-term physical and psychological care, as well as the use of transition homes and crisis centres. Ignoring violence, the Government of Canada says, leads to misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment.
     
    Veteran activist Ken Hancock heard hundreds of stories of "hope and horror" from Canadian women. He founded and continues to organize the annual Walk Against Male Violence, an Ontario-based secondary school initiativenow in its 20th year. "I really wanted to structure (this walk) so that men would check their egos at the door, that it would be about the issue of male violence," said Hancock. "This is the issue that's in students' lives. This is the one that they see and live through--the one they literally have to survive."

    He started the awareness campaign in response to the 1989 massacre of 14 female students at the University of Montreal by gunman Marc Lepine, an avowed anti-feminist. Hancock, who discusses the issue with high school students in rural towns and major cities across Ontario, maintains women's freedom cannot be achieved until the threat of violence is eliminated in poor and sophisticated societies.

    On May 19, thousands of students from 25 Greater Toronto high schools will again walk at Queen's Park in the city, following similar protests in London and Welland earlier this year. Since 1991, the march has matured into a national event, raising nearly $1 million for women's support services in Canada and Afghanistan--99 per cent of the proceeds raised by high school students. According to organizers, one-third of money will support Emily Stowe Shelter for Women in Toronto. Another third will again be donated to Nazoo Anna School for Girls in Afghanistan, where under former Taliban rule, females were not permitted to attend school or leave their homes unaccompanied by males. Tents, water

    tanks, rugs, and

    school supplies can then be purchased--and teachers' salaries paid.   "There is a higher consciousness about the issue because of women. When we first started doing this walk, 80 per cent of marchers were female, but now an estimated half of all participants are men," Hancock said.

    "I'm just a guy who planned this event on a piece of paper in the basement of a church in 1990. And now there's been numerous walks, hundreds of thousands of people have been talked to and more than $1 million has been raised for global violence against women."

    In December, the Ontario government also promised $56 million for counselling and housing support for victims, as well as training for frontline workers and public education campaigns, as part of a comprehensive scheme on domestic violence against women and children. The four-year-Domestic Violence Action Plan was designed by 180 experts across the province, to better protect victims in diverse, at-risk communities.

    "The action plan is a major step forward, placing a new emphasis on preventing abuse before it happens and supporting victims when it does happen." Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty told the press. "Women can't build the lives they deserve when they live with the threat of violence or the reality of physical and emotional abuse. And children can't reach their full potential when they fear what happens in their own homes."

    Sandra Pupatello, the Minister Responsible for Women's Issues, maintained that domestic violence is everyone's concern. "We all share a responsibility for the protection and safety of women in abusive situations. Our plan brings together a wide range of partners to improve public awareness, change attitudes and help break the cycle of violence," Pupatello said.

    Labelling male violence is the first step before resisting it, according to Hancock. Although young men, in particular, oppose the term, they must realize they are either bullies or by-standers themselves, he said. They need to be challenged to break through the silence, and talk about ending the many ways they are violent towards women.  "When you look at the history of liberation struggles, the language is the key part of how people describe their reality ... "We've named this project around the perpetrators and not the victims."  Hancock said "men are as dangerous to women as cancer."

    According to Amnesty International, half the world's population is singled out for rapes, sexual enslavements, "honour" killings, forced and underage marriage, pregnancies that endanger lives, genital mutilation and spousal abuse. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, some 40 women are sexually abused daily and cut off from medical treatment. Ninety per cent of Somali women are subjected to genital mutilation. The same percentage of Pakistani women has been abused by their male spouses, the human rights group's figures reveal. Even in industrialized countries such as Russia, women are still socially and legally disadvantaged.

    More than 14,000 members of the population are killed by partners or relatives annually, without a law addressing domestic violence. Amnesty's statistics also show 50 per cent of women over 16 have been victims of physical or sexual violence in North America--20 per cent in Ireland

    These walks are a means of not raising awareness but of educating children and young adult. Walks are organized in local communities, schools or by various organizations. Two thirds of the proceeds raised go a girls school and a women's group in Afghanistan. The remainder is used to promote WAMV.

    Nonviolence Training

    Whether used by a community to resist a toxic waste dump or by an entire country to overthrow a military dictatorship, the methods of nonviolent action have proved powerful tools in the hands of ordinary people.

    In Australia, nonviolence has a long association with the movements for environmental protection, nuclear disarmament and international solidarity. Nonviolent tactics including strikes, boycotts, marches, sit-ins and blockades have played a key role in movements for the rights of women, workers and indigenous peoples.

    Nonviolence training has a role to play in all cultures because so few human institutions teach us how to deal constructively with conflict. Usually, we are taught to avoid it or leave it to the authorities. Neither of these paths are open to people who actively confront violent conflict or injustice.

    Nonviolent social change requires organisation, discipline, persistence in the face of repression and strategic application. Whether oriented towards reform or revolution, these skills can be learnt and systematically applied.

    Child Soldiers

    Around the world, children are singled out for recruitment by both armed forces and armed opposition groups, and exploited as combatants. Easily manipulated, children are sometimes coerced to commit grave atrocities, including rape and murder of civilians using assault rifles such as AK-47s and G4s. Some are forced to injure or kill members of their own families or other child soldiers. Others serve as porters, cooks, guards, messengers, spies, and sex slaves.

    Approximately 250,000 children under the age of 18 are thought to be fighting in conflicts around the world, and hundreds of thousands more are members of armed forces who could be sent into combat at any time. Although most child soldiers are between 15 and 18 years old, significant recruitment starts at the age of 10 and the use of even younger children has been recorded.

    Watch movie here

    Stories from children associated with fighting forces:

    "I remember the day I decided to join the mayi-mayi. It was after an attack on my village. My parents, and also my grand-father were killed and I was running. I was so scared. I lost everyone; I had nowhere to go and no food to eat. In the mayi-mayi I thought I would be protected, but it was hard. I would see others die in front of me. I was hungry very often, and I was scared. Sometimes they would whip me, sometimes very hard. They used to say that it would make me a better fighter. One day, they whipped my [11-year-old] friend to death because he had not killed the enemy. Also, what I did not like is to hear the girls, our friends, crying because the soldiers would rape them. "

    -Jacques, from DRC, was recruited into an insurgent group (mayi-mayi) when he was 10 years old (From AI Report: Democratic Republic of Congo: Children at War, hope for the future)

    "They recruit in the market place. One of my friends joined up. He was ten. He banged the drums when someone had died. He said it was very scary in the camp. He held a grenade and had a gun on his shoulder."

    -A young Tamil boy, interviewed in 1998, describes the recruitment of his friend by an armed opposition group in Sri Lanka some three years earlier.

    "They took us as wives straightaway. We had to cook for them. If a cow was killed, we had to cook it...When they came back, they would eat and drink, then they would call for you. They were so many. It was so painful...If they went to attack somewhere or to loot, there was always someone who stayed behind. Then he’d call you. If you refused, they used sticks to whip you...We mostly stayed in the forest but sometimes we had to go with them and carry what they looted...They all had sex with me. I don’t know how many people had sex with me. A man would come, then another and another. I wasn’t even the youngest. Some girls were even younger than me. Even the commanders called for you. You couldn’t refuse...They said they’d kill you if you ran away. Some people fled and didn’t come back. We didn’t know if they’d got away or had been killed."

    -Following an attack in Burundi, in 2001, F., then aged 13, was forced to accompany a group of around 30 combatants. (From AI Report: Burundi: Child soldiers-challenge of demobilization

     AI has drawn attention to human rights abuses in the context of child recruitment both by governments and armed opposition groups.