obstetric-3

Cleft lip:

3D ultrasound image showing cleft lip

3D coronal section of face showing the cleft palate

3D ultrasound image (coronal section of face) showing cleft palate

These are 3-D ultrasound images showing a fetus with cleft lip with cleft palate.

The fetal upper lip can be seen well with the vertical cleft. Images courtesy of Dr. Arun Mahajan, Delhi, India.

Reference:1) http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2679.htm

Ambiguous genitalia:

Ultrasound images of this 23 week fetus reveal prominent labia (or small scrotum) and a large clitoris (or a small penis). The labia appeared partially fused. Fetal karyotyping is required in such cases along with serum 17- Hydroxy progesterone level assay. Fetuses with ambiguous genitalia may be genetic females (XX chromosome) or genetic males (XY chromosome).

Reference: http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic1492.htm (free article) Images courtesy of Dr. Latha Natrajan, India.

Fetal intra-abdominal cyst:

Ultrasound images of this fetus reveal a large cystic lesion in the abdomen. It appears to be separate from the fetal kidneys as well as the stomach bubble. The cystic mass also does not appear to arise from the urinary bladder. It lies in the right lumbar region of the fetal abdomen. The possibilities include fetal mesenteric cyst or enteric duplication cyst. Images courtesy of Dr. Vikas Arora, Ferozepur, India.

Occipital encephalocele:

These ultrasound images show occipital encephalocele in a 19 week old fetus. The encephalocele is produced by a defect in the occipital calvarium and upper cervical region of the fetal spine. The typical “cyst within a cyst” appearance is also well seen. The occipital mass in such cases would contain dystrophic cerebellum and possibly the upper part of spinal cord. Images courtesy of Dr. Gunjan Puri, India.

Reference: http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic246.htm

Cyst of the umbilical cord:

These B-mode and color Doppler ultrasound images show a cystic mass of the umbilical cord. Color Doppler sampling of the cord shows absence of flow within the cyst, which suggests it is non-vascular. This rules out the possibility of umbilical cord varix (a cystic dilatation of the umbilical vein). The possibilities that now need to be considered include:

a) True cyst of the cord

b) Pseudocyst of the cord or false cysts.

Unlike true cysts, pseudocysts do not have an epithelial lining.

The images show the cyst to be located near the fetal end of the cord.

As both of these types of cysts are associated with fetal anomalies, karyotyping and level 2 sonography may be needed.

Images courtesy of Dr. Arun Mahajan, New Delhi, India.

Reference: http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3276.htm (free)

3-D ultrasound images of Macroglossia:

The fetal tongue is seen protruding beyond the alveolar ridge.

Enlarged fetal tongue is well seen.

Fetal tongue protruding outside the oral cavity

B- mode sagittal section of fetal face; tongue well seen.

The ultrasound images above show the hypertrophied fetal tongue (macroglossia), protruding outside the oral cavity, beyond the alveolar ridge, in this 29 week old fetus. Macroglossia may be associated with a number of other fetal congenital anomalies, including Beckwith-Wiedman syndrome, omphalocele, nephromegaly, cystic kidneys and
placentomegaly.
Images are courtesy of Dr. Martin Horenstein, MD, Argentina.

3D-ultrasound images of anencephaly:

These are 3-D sonographic images which show anencephaly in a 2^nd trimester fetus, with its typical features. The cranial vault is absent with rudimentary brain tissue. The surface rendering of 3-D sonography, reveals prominent eyeballs and a typical frog-like appearance, due to the absent cranium.

Case and images courtesy of Dr. Fazeel Zaman, Pakistan.

Reference:

Exencephaly-Anencephaly (free)

And here are some ultrasound images of anencephaly in a 13 weeks old fetus: