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1890s

Ragtime with Scott Joplin, the kind of Ragtime

1910s

 Dixieland with W.C. Handy

1900s

 Tin Pan Alley with Irving Berlin (published 1,500 songs) 

1920s

Jazz with Louis Armstrong, Bernie Beiderbecke, Bessie Smith
Country with Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family 

1930s

Boogie Woogie with Count Basie

Swing with Les Brown and His Band of Renown (played with Bob Hope)
Big Band with Bunny Berigan ("I Can't Get Started") 

1940s

Dance Band/Society Band with Woody Herman
Grand Old Opry with Roy Acuff
Cowboy Music with Roy Rogers and Gene Autry
Western Swing with Bob Wills
Bluegrass with Bill Monroe
Cool with Stan Getz, Dave Brubeck, George Shearing, Chet Baker

1940s and 1950s 

Honky Tonk with Hank Williams, Lefty Frizell and Ernest Tubb 

1950s

Nashville Sound with Jim Reeves ("Welcome to My World")Patsy Cline combined Honky Tonk with Nashville Sound
Bebop with Miles Davis
Bossa Nova with Tito Puente

1960s  

Free Jazz with Pat Matheny, John Coltrane
Latin Jazz
Soul Jazz, which led to the Motown Sound. George Benson and others.

1970s 

World Fusion with Chick Correa
Disco with the Village People and Donna Summer
Pop Jazz with Kenny G., Kurt Whalum, Jean-Luc Ponty

1980s 

Modern Creative withQuincy Jones
In Memoriam with Anthony Braxton
Funk with the Average White Band, James Brown, Earth Wind and Fire
Rap and Hip Hop with 2 Live Crew, Beastie Boys, Coolio

Gospel with Five Blind Boys of Mississippi, the Staple Singers and others.
Reggae with Bob Marley
Ska with Mighty Mighty Bosstones

Brands of Rock 'n' Roll:

    Classic -- the Eagles, Aerosmith, Grateful Dead
    Gothic -- Alien Sex Fiend (Psychadelic)
    Dark Metal -- Dark Throne, Anthrax
    New Wave -- Boy George, Depeche Mode, Devo
    Progressive -- Genesis, Jethro Tull, Rush
    Punk -- Blondie, The Class, Dead Kennedys
    Rockabilly -- Elvis Presley
    Surf -- The Mermen