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Abiotic Non-living
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Adaptation
Adjustment to environmental
conditions, modification of an organism or its parts that makes it more fir for
existence under the conditions of its environment.
- Alleles Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur
at a given locus on a chromosome.
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Atmosphere
The gaseous envelope surrounding the
earth; consists of oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, extends to a height of
about 40,744 km (22,000 miles), and rotates with Earth.
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Biogeochemical
Cycles Relating to the partitioning
and cycling of chemical elements and compounds between the living and nonliving
parts of an ecosystem
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Biological
Evolution Changes in the genetic
composition of a population through successive generations.
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Biotechnology
Biological science when applied especially
in genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology.
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Biotic Relating to life.
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Capacity The maximum amount or number that can be contained or
accommodated.
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Cell The smallest structural and functional unit of an
organism
week 2-
Cell
Division The formation of two daughter
cells from one parent cell, mitosis.
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Cell
Membrane The bounding membrane of
cells which controls the entry of molecules and the interaction of cells with
their environment, plasma membrane.
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Cell
Respiration Metabolic processes which
break down nutrients into usable energy.
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Cell Wall A structure external to the plasma membrane of a plant
cell. It provides structure and support.
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Chemosynthesis
Synthesis of organic compounds (as in
living cells) by energy derived from chemical reactions.
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Chloroplast
A plastid that contains chlorophyll
and is the site of photosynthesis.
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Chromosome
A threadlike structure of nucleic
acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic
information in the form of genes.
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Cilia Fine hair-like protrusions of the cell surface, which
beat in unison to create currents of liquid over cell surface or propel the
cell through the medium.
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Climate The average course or condition of the weather at a
place usually over a period of years as exhibited by temperature, wind velocity
and precipitation.
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Cycle An interval of time during which a sequence of a
recurring succession of events or phenomena is completed.
week3- Differentiation
The sum of the processes whereby
apparently indifferent cells, tissues and structures attain their adult
form and function.
- DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid, a double strand
of nucleotides, that is a self, replicating material present in living
organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It contains the genetic code
and transmits the heredity pattern.
- Dominant A
gene, that when present, is expressed in the phenotype.
- Ecosystem The
complex of a community of organisms and its environment functioning as an ecological
unit.
- Emigration A
category of population dispersal covering one-way movement out of the
population area.
- Energy The
capacity for doing work, can be in various forms such as nuclear, sound,
thermal and light.
- Equilibrium
A state in which opposing forces or
influences are balanced.
- Eukaryotic An
organism composed of one or more cells containing visibly evident nuclei
and organelles.
- Evolution
(biological) Changes in the genetic composition of a
population through successive generations.
- Fermentation
An enzymatically controlled anaerobic
breakdown of an energy-rich compound.
week4- Flagella Long
hair-like extensions from the cell surface whose movement is used for
locomotion.
- Food Web The
totality of interacting food chains in an ecological community;
interacting food chains in an ecological community.
- Gene A
functional hereditary unit located at a particular point on a chromosome
that controls or acts in the transmission of hereditary characteristics.
- Genetic
Drift The process by which gene frequencies
are changed.
- Heredity The
sum of the qualities and potentialities genetically derived from one's
ancestors; the relation between successive generations, by which
characteristics persist.
- Homeostasis
A state of equilibrium between different
but interrelated functions or elements, as in an organism or group.
- Immigration
Coming into the population
- IndependentAssortment
Each chromosome in a pair that is
independent of other chromosomes.
- Jumping
Genes Genes that move from on position on
the chromosome to another
- Life
An organism that has the capacity
for metabolism, growth, reaction to stimuli and reproduction.
week 5
- Tectonic plate- a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere.
- Life An
organism that has the capacity for metabolism, growth, reaction to stimuli
and reproduction.
- Life Cycle The
series of stages in form and functional activity through which an organism
passes from fertilized ovum to the fertilized ovum of the next generation.
- Matter Material
substance that occupies space, has mass and is composed of atoms
consisting of protons, neutrons and electrons that constitutes the
observable universe, and that is interchangeable with energy.
- Microorganisms
An organism of microscopic or
ultramicroscopic size.
- Mitochondria
Cell structure responsible for cellular
respiration.
- Molecule The
smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the
substance and is composed
of one or more atoms.
- Multicellular
Having or consisting of many cells.
- Mutation A
relatively permanent change in hereditary material involving either a
physical change in chromosome relations or a biochemical change in the
codon(s) that make up genes.
week6- Natural
Selection The principle that in a given
environment individuals having characteristics that aid survival will
produce more offspring, and the proportion of individuals having such
characteristics will increase with each succeeding generation.
- Nucleus 1.
The positively charged central portion of an atom that comprises nearly
all of the atomic mass and that consists of protons and neutrons. 2. The
portion of a eukoryotic cell that is surrounded by a nuclear membrane and
contains DNA.
- Organism An
individual constituted to carry on the activities of life by means of
organs separate in function but mutually dependent; a living being.
- Phenomenon A
fact or event of scientific interest susceptible to scientific description
and explanation.
- Photosynthesis The
chemical process by which chlorophyll-containing plants use light to
convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates, releasing oxygen as a
byproduct.
- Prokaryotic A
cellular organism (such as a bacterium or a blue-green alga) that does not
have a distinct nucleus.
- Recycle To
process (as liquid body waste, glass or cans) in order to regain material
for human use.
- Resource Industrial
materials and capacities (as mineral deposits and waterpower) supplied by
nature (earth science) and substances used by an organism for survival
(biology).
- Species A
group of organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging
genes or interbreeding
week 7- Technology Human
innovation in action that involves the generation of knowledge and
processes to develop systems that solve problems and extend human
capabilities. The innovation, change, or modification of the natural
environment to satisfy perceived human needs and wants
- Theory A
supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially
one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.
- Tissue An
aggregate of cells usually of a particular kind together with their
intercellular substance that form one of the structural materials of
organisms.
- Trait An
inherited characteristic.
- Transform To
change in composition or structure.
- Virus Any
of various submicroscopic pathogens consisting essentially of a particle
of nucleic acid enclosed in protein and able to replicate only within a
living cell.
- Weather
The state of the atmosphere with respect
to heat or cold, wetness or dryness, calm or storm, clearness or
cloudiness.
- Endosymbiosis- Describing the engulfment of one cell by another larger cell, with the engulfed cell evolving into an organelle
- mitosis- process of nuclear division in cells that produces daughter cells that
are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell
- Meiosis-the cell division process that sex cells go through which halves the chromosome number from diploid to haploid
Week 8 OGT - Haploid- Having one set of chromosomes (maternal or paternal)
- Diploid- having two sets of chromosomes, one of paternal origin, the other maternal
- DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the genetic
instructions used in the development and functioning of all known
living organisms
- RNA- Ribonucleic acid, helps synthesize protein in the cells
- E.O Wilson- American biologist reknown for theories relating to biodiversity and conservation
- Charles Darwin- English naturalist known for his theory of evolution
- Newton's first law- Objects in motion tend to stay in motion, and objects at rest tend to stay at rest unless an outside force acts upon them
- Newton's second law- force is equal to the change in momentum (mV) per change in time. for a constant mass, force equals mass times acceleration.
- Newton's third law- For every force or action there is an equal but opposite force or reaction
- Physics- the science of matter and energy and their interactions
week9- Velocity- Measure of the speed and direction of an object
- trajectory- the path followed by an object moving through space
- acceleration- a rate of increase of velocity
- inertia- the resistance of an object to a change in its state of motion
- momentum- the product of a body's mass and its velocity
- resonance- the effect of amplifying relatively small forces or effects so that they become much larger.
- force- push or pull acting on an object
- vector- quantity that has two aspects. It has a size, or magnitude, and a direction
- Gravity- the force of attraction between all masses in the universe
- Friction- Friction is the force resisting the relative lateral (tangential)
motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, or material elements in contact
week 10- Celsius - a temperature scale on which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100°
- Fahrenheit - a temperature scale at which water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°
- Scientific Method - the 'tool' that scientists use to find the
answer to questions (The Scientific Method allows scientists to solve
complicated problems by taking a series of smaller steps:
- Science - the study of the natural world
- Mean - the sum of the items in a set of data divided by the number of items in the set; the average
- Median - the middle number in a set of ordered data
- Mode - the data item that occurs the most often in a set of data
- Dependent Variable - the responding variable; the variable that may change
- Independent Variable - the manipulated variable; the variable that is changed on purpose in an experiment
- Kelvin - a temperature scale that begins at absolute zero, where
there is no molecular movement (Water freezes at 273 K and boils at 373
K.)
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