Yeshiva of the Telshe, Riverdale, Bronx, New York City, New York, United States Anthony Campagna (1884-1969) was one of Manhattan's most prominent developers of apartment houses during the 1910s and 19206. Born in Castelmezzano, Italy, Campagna took a law degree in Naples and then immigrated to the United States. After working in Chicago, first in journalism and then as a lawyer, he moved to New York in 1909 to work for the construction firm of Paterno Brothers, apartment house builders. After marrying Marie Paterno, Campagna formed his own company, the Campagna Construction Corporation, and continued successfully in the same line for several decades. Campagna's most active period as a builder coincided with the enormous boom in apartment house construction that followed World War I, as large apartment houses sprang up in many areas of Manhattan, particularly along Fifth and Park avenues on the East Side and along West End Avenue and Riverside Drive on the West Side. Campagna became involved in the acquisition and redevelopment of major sites in both areas. His company built a number of large prominent buildings on Fifth and Park avenues, including 960 Fifth (Rosario Candela and Warren & Wetmore, 1929), a "luxury" building with apartments so large they were comparable in size to private houses;2 and 173-175 Riverside Drive (J.E.R. Carpenter, 1926), occupying the entire blockfront between 89th and 90th streets. As he became successful and wealthy, Campagna turned to philanthropy. Most of his efforts were directed to institutions in Italy or to those in New York with Italian connections. He helped raise funds for the restoration of Virgil's tomb in Naples, and for a Roman tower in Minturno. He made contributions to the Italian Historical Society in Rome, and for the excavations of Roman ruins at Herculaneum. In New York City, besides serving as a director without pay of a city school construction program, he donated a site at Fifth Avenue and -106th Street in 1929 to the Italian Hospital (never built because of the Depression) and played a major role in the creation of the Casa Italiana at Columbia University (the structure was built by his firm). His work on behalf of Italian institutions earned him the title of Count of Castelmezzano, bestowed by King Victor Emmanuel ill of Italy in 1930. Given Campagna's devotion to the culture and history of his native country, it is not surprising that when he decided to build himself a new home in the Riverdale section of the Bronx in 1928, he would choose the Italian villa as a model and select a highly successful architect who specialized in historical styles. The Campagna estate is axially organized leading to the two-story house and formal landscape elements. The main axis of the composition begins at the stone and iron entrance gates on West 249th Street. A drive of stone pavers set between the alley of trees leads to a walled forecourt with a fountain in the center. The house, as seen from the forecourt side, is asymmetrical with a two-story stair tower to the left of the entrance balanced by a low wing on the right. The one-story entrance portico in the center is rusticated limestone and consists of an arched doorway, flanked by narrow arched windows. This central portion is surmounted by a balustrade fronting the recessed central portion of the second story. The tower contains a tall arched window opening shielded by a balustrade. The wall surfaces on the forecourt side are faced with stucco with stone quoins and molded stone windows surrounds. The low hipped roof is covered with tile. The garden side of the house, set on a terrace, is dominated by the triple-arched loggia in the center of the first story, balanced on either side by stone enframed window openings set in wide stuccoed wall spaces. Large stone quoins mark the corners. A band course above the loggia divides the elevation horizontally. The second story window openings have stone surrounds; those at the end are shielded by iron balconies. Set back from the main section are wings with arched openings surmounted by balustrades fronting the recessed second story. The wide overhang of the tiled roof is particularly noticeable on this side of the house. The axial composition of the site continues on the garden side from the loggia. down a divided semi-circular stairway into a sunken garden area 'and along a large reflecting pool to a hemicycle with fountains. The pool garden area is flanked on either side by raised terraces; one is balustraded and looks towards the river, and other is fronted by an arcade which once enclosed an orangery. Campagna lived in the house until 1941, when he and his family left it to move into the former garage and chauffeur's quarters .- possibly as a result of the Depression-era construction slump. In 1943, Campagna leased the house to New York University, for use as a dormitory for women "taking a special course in connection with war activ

The house of Pegnafort, or, as it is pronounced, Pennafort, was descended from the counts of Barcelona, and nearly allied to the kings of Aragon. Raymund was born in 1175, at Pennafort, a castle in Catalonia, which in the fifteenth century was changed into a convent of the order of St. Dominick. Such was his rapid progress in his studies, that at the age of twenty he taught philosophy at Barcelona, which he did gratis, and with so great reputation, that he began then to be consulted by the ablest masters. His principal care was to instil into his scholars the most perfect maxims of a solid piety and devotion, to compose all differences among the citizens, and to relieve the distressed. He was about thirty years of age when he went to Bologna, in Italy, to perfect himself in the study of the canon and civil law, commenced Doctor in that faculty, and taught with the same disinterestedness and charity as he had done in his own country. In 1219 Berengarius, bishop of Barcelona, who had been at Rome, took Raymund home with him, to the great regret of the university and senate of Bologna; and, not content with giving him a canonry in his church, made him his archdeacon, grand vicar, and official. He was a perfect model to the clergy, by his innocence, zeal, devotion, and boundless liberalities to the poor, whom he called his creditors. In 1222 he took the religious habit of St. Dominick at Barcelona, eight months after the death of the holy founder, and in the forty-seventh year of his age. No person was ever seen among the young novices more humble, more obedient, or more fervent. To imitate the obedience of a Man-God, who reduced himself to a state of subjection to his own creatures, to teach us the dangers and deep wound of self-will, and to point out to us the remedy, the saint would depend absolutely on the lights of his director in all things. And it was upon the most perfect self-denial that he laid the foundation of that high sanctity which he made the object of his most earnest desires. The grace of prayer perfected the work which mortification had begun. In a spirit of compunction he begged of his superiors that they would enjoin him some severe penance, to expiate the vain satisfaction and complacency which he said he had sometimes taken in teaching. They indeed imposed on him a penance, but not such a one as he expected. It was to write a collection of cases of conscience for the instruction and conveniency of confessors and moralists. This produced his Sum the first work of that kind. Had his method and decisions been better followed by some later authors of the like works, the holy maxims of Christian morality had been treated with more respect by some moderns than they have been, to our grief and confusion. Raymund joined to the exercises of his solitude the functions of an apostolical life, by laboring without intermission in preaching, instructing, hearing confessions with wonderful fruit, and converting heretics, Jews, and Moors Among his penitents were James, king of Aragon, and St. Peter Nolasco, with whom he concerted the foundation of the Order of the B. Virgin of mercy for the redemption of captives. James, the young king of Aragon had married Eleonora of Castile within the prohibited degrees, without a dispensation. A legate was sent by pope Gregory IX. to examine and judge the case. In a council of bishops of the two kingdoms, held at Tar rayon, he declared the marriage null, but that their son Don Alphonso should be reputed lawfully born, and heir to his father's crown. The king had taken his confessor with him to the council, and the cardinal legate was so charmed with his talents and virtue, that he associated him in his legation and gave him a commission to preach the holy war against the Moors. The servant of God acquitted himself of that function with so much prudence, zeal, and charity, that he sowed the seeds of the total overthrow of those infidels in Spain. His labors were no less successful in the reformation of the manners of the Christians detained in servitude under the Moors which were extremely corrupted by their long slavery or commerce with these infidels. Raymund showed them, by words full of heavenly unction and fire, that, to triumph over their bodily, they must first conquer their spiritual enemies, and subdue sin in themselves, which made God their enemy. Inculcating these and the like spiritual lessons, he ran over Catalonia, Aragon, Castile, and other countries. So general a change was wrought hereby in the manners of the people, as seemed incredible to all but those who were witnesses of it. By their conversion the anger of God was appeased, and the arms of the faithful became terrible to their enemies. The kings of Castile and Leon freed many places from the Moorish yoke. Don James, king of Aragon, drove them out of the islands of Majorca and Minorca, and soon after, in 1237, out of the whole kingdom of Valentia. Pope Gregory IX. having called St. Raymund to Ro