The Fall in the Price of Silver; Its Causes, Its Consequences, and Their Possible Avoidance, With Special Reference to India

This is an OCR edition without illustrations or index. It may have numerous typos or missing text. However, purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original rare book from GeneralBooksClub.com. You can also preview excerpts from the book there. Purchasers are also entitled to a free trial membership in the General Books Club where they can select from more than a million books without charge. Original Published by: H. S. King & co. in 1876 in 128 pages; Subjects: Silver; Currency question; Business & Economics / Finance; Business & Economics / Foreign Exchange; Business & Economics / Money & Monetary Policy; Nature / Rocks & Minerals;

English: Mazari Palm, Mazri Palm (antiquated) Arabic: ????? ????????* Balochi: Phish (standard Baloch; Northern Baloch), Pish (usually means 'wild date palm' in Southern (Omani) Baloch), Konar (=fruit; standard Baloch; Northern Baloch), Sawas (= sandals made of the leaves of this plant; standard Baloch; Northern Baloch) Chinese: ? pronounced 'a fu han zong', ? pronounced 'ma jia li zong' Croatian: Mazari Palma Czech: Mazari Palma, Mrazuvzdorna Palma French: Palmier afghan, Palmier mazari German: Mazaripalme Pashto: ????? pronounced 'mazaraey', ??? pronounced 'mu?l' denotes the fruit of this species. Urdu: ? pronounced 'patha', ? pronounced 'mazri'**, ? pronounced 'pish' *From Omani (?) source. Unclear, this also seems to translate as 'Chamaerops humilis', the European Fan Palm, in some texts, or as 'Arecaceae', the palm family, in a Saudi text. **Note this word looks derived from that meaning 'Lion' in many Iranic languages, or it may refer to the Baloch Mazari tribe. On Distribution: A plant of semi-deserts at medium-high elevations (recorded at 1400 to 1600m) in areas where the groundwater is reasonably high. Not rare throughout much of its (northern) range, it forms the dominant vegetation in some of the valleys and dry washes of Afghanistan and Pakistan. Afghanistan: southern Afghanistan (former Balochistan: Nimroz, Helmand, and Kandahar provinces), and along the border with Pakistan in Khost Province in the Sabari District (the geospatial coordinates given look off in this record, they give a location in Pakistan). India: Probable though problematic. No good references, and no herbarium or observational records. Mentioned in GRIN and some Wikipedia articles -of which some versions pinpoint that distribution down to Kashmir. The only direct evidence that this plant occurs in India is in the Kew Economic Botany Database: a brush and a wooden object, both well over a century old, made from the mazari palm and from Punjab, India. There are also references to it in 'The Gardeners' Chronicle' Issue 26 of 1886 in the Sivalik Hills and Kashmir, but one can no longer tell if the part which now belongs to Pakistan or the part which belongs in India is meant. Iran: Southern and southeastern Iran; known from the northern Saravan Mts in eastern Iranian Balochistan. Oman: Dhofar region, Al Wusta region (inland from the port of Duqm), the jidats (stony plateaus) of the Huqf area Pakistan: Kohat District, Sindh, the Makkuran range of southern Balochistan, Peshawar Valley, Kurram Valley, the trans-Indus territory, (West) Punjab (across the Salt Range, the Potohar Plateau, the Jhelum District bordering India), Pakistani Kashmir (Sivalik Hills). Saudi Arabia: Eastern Saudi Arabia. Yemen: Saba Gulf States (Bahrain, U.A.E., Qatar): Problematic. Given in R. Govaerts's 'World Checklist of Arecaceae' supplied by Kew, but neither can I find supporting references, nor do I like the way the TDWG system they use to geographically encode the world lumps together these three countries. This palm also may have naturalized in Dade County, southern Florida, the U.S.A.. The second most cold-hardy palm in the world. The small, brown fruit of this species are edible, and its leaves are the cradle of millions of sandals. It is a smallish, clumping (rarely forming a trunk), dioecious palm with fan-shaped leaves. It suckers from the base and forms branches along the trunk, which often remains mostly submerged below the soil. The individual branches are monocarpic; dying back to the trunk after flowering. It is still quite rare in Europe and still commands reasonable prices, although it isn't very ornamental. I received these seeds under the name N. arabica, said to be from the city of Mosul in northern Iraq, but that means little, as I do not know if they were wild or cultivated or brought to Mosul from somewhere else beforehand. On Infraspecific Variation: There are generally two forms recognised, one with silver-green coloured leaves and a green coloured one, there apparently exists an array of intermediate forms, so this could mean little, but according to the most recent information this may be representative of more than individual variation: the silver-leafed forms are known from southern Pakistan, southern Iran and Saudi Arabia (var. arabica? f. arabica?). 'Normal-looking' green plants are said to grow in southern Iran as well, and blue-green leafed forms are said to grow in southern Pakistan and Afghanistan. These blue-green forms are said to be the most hardy, whereas the silver-leafed forms are said to be significantly less hardy.

© RAMINDER PAL SINGH ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The interior view of the sanctum sanctorum during the ‘Jlau’ display at the Darbaar Sahib or The Golden Temple in Amritsar, India. The display of rare items, known as “Jlau”, means, rare glitters that faze eyes at first sight. It is the display of rare items dating back to the 15th to the 18th century inside the sanctum sanctorum of the Golden Temple on rare occasions. To have a glimpse of priceless historical costume jewellery during the Jalau display is quite a memorable experience in itself. This ancient jewellery is kept in a well guarded “Tosha Khana” (jewellery room) of the Golden Temple but is displayed on rare occasions. The “Tosha Khana” is related to the life and era of engravable silver ring Its threshhold is attached by the four golden doors, presented by the Maharaja. One door adorns artistic work of flowers while remaining three doors depict different aspects from the lives of the great Sikh gurus. The Gold canopy above the holy book, Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, weighs around 20 pounds. On top of the canopy is a peacock with a neck of pure sapphire in a single piece which is estimated to be priced anywhere above INR 4 million. The eyes of the peacock are diamond studded. The whole canopy is studded with 3600 diamonds and 101 big pearls. Under the canopy, there is a diamond headband with strings of pearls. Maharaja Ranjit Singh had presented it as an offering to the Golden Temple and at that time it cost around INR 9 Lakh. There are two “Chanwars” or fly whisks, one of which has a silver handle, and was presented by the head priest of Dargah Ajmer Sharief on the occasion of the birth centenary of Baba Sheikh Farid. The other fly whisk is made of gold. There is a sword of Maharaja Ranjit Singh which has a hilt made of pure gold studded with pearls and emeralds. One can see five necklaces, a small canopy and a ring with a sapphire in the middle and eight diamonds around it which Princess Bamba, the grand daughter of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, had presented. There are precious jewels from the house of General Dhana Singh Malwai, a General in the army of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Finally, there is a canopy of cloth studded with diamonds. The Nizam of Hyderabad presented it to Maharaja Ranjit Singh who in turn offered it at the Golden Temple. It is said that the smallest stone in the canopy cost INR 500 to INR 5,000 at that time.

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