|
Caanan fir |
Abies balsamea subsp. phanerolepsis |
|
|
Cabbage angelin |
Andira inermis |
|
|
Cabbage bark |
Andira inermis |
|
|
Cabbage palm |
Livistona australis/ Sabal palmetto |
|
|
Cabbage snow gum |
Eucalyptus pauciflora |
|
|
Cabbage tree |
Moringa stenopetala / Anthocleista grandiflora / Cussonia kirkii / Andira
inermis / Moringa oleifera |
A leguminous tree, growing very tall and branching towards
the top called Cabbage Tree because it forms a head in growing; it has a
smooth grey bark which, cut into long pieces, is the part utilized for
medicine. It is thick, fibrous, scaly, and of an ashy brownish colour
externally, covered with lichens - the inside bark is yellow and contains a
bitter sweet mucilage, with an unpleasant smell. In Europe the bark of
another species, Avouacouapa retusa, has been utilized. It grows in
Surinam, is a more powerful vermifuge than Vouacapoua inermus and
does not as a rule produce such injurious after-effects. In the dried state
it is without odour, but has a very bitter taste; when powdered it has the
colour of cinnamon. |
|
Cabbage Tree |
Cordyline Australis |
The
young cabbage tree has a single, grey coloured trunk and later adds more
trunks and branches with leaves clustered in bunches at the tips. Growing
12-20 metres. the long narrow leaves may be up to a metre long and the trunk
1.5 metres in diameter. The bark is thick and tough, like cork and the tree
has a strong tap-root. In November to January hundreds of strongly scented
white flowers form in clusters, attracting bees. The flowers form
bluish-white berries which birds like to eat. |
|
Cabinet cherry |
|
see Cherry, Black |
|
Cacao |
Theobroma cacao |
|
|
Cajeput-tree |
Melaleuca quinquenervia |
|
|
Cake tree |
|
see Katsura |
|
Calabrian pine |
Pinus brutia / Pinus halepensis |
|
|
Calceolaria shower |
Senna spectabilis |
|
|
California bay |
Umbellularia californica |
|
|
California black oak |
Quercus kelloggii |
|
|
California box elder |
Acer negundo |
|
|
California buckeye |
Aesculus californica |
|
|
California fan palm |
Washingtonia filifera |
|
|
California filbert |
Corylus cornuta |
|
|
California giant redwood |
Sequoia gigantea |
|
|
California live oak |
Quercus agrifolia |
|
|
California redbud |
Cercis occidentalis |
|
|
California redwood |
|
see Redwood |
|
California white pine |
|
see Ponderosa Pine |
|
California-Laurel |
|
see Laurel, California |
|
Californina incense-cedar |
|
see Incense-Cedar |
|
Calophyllum |
Calophyllum spp. principally C. vitiense, C. leucocarpum, C. kajewskii, C.
paludosum |
Other common names:
bitangor, penaga
(Malaysia), bitangur (Indonesia), vintanina (Madagascar), damanu (Fiji),
island cedar, kalofilum, bush calophyllum (PNG), gwarogwaro, guoria, oleole,
ba’ula (Solomon Is), canoe tree (Andaman Islands), galba, galaba (West
Indies), poon (India, Myannmar), kathing (Thailand), cong (Vietnam).
Distribution:
Species of the genus marketed under the
trade name calophyllum occur from Madagascar, India, throughout south-east
Asia, across the Pacific Islands and also in South America and the West
Indies.
Tree Data:
There are over 100 species of Calophyllum.
They are large hardwoods attaining 30 m in height and a diameter of 0.8 m,
rarely buttressed (with the exception of Papua New Guinea species), but
occasionally with stilt roots. The shallow grooved outer bark is grey or
white and decorticates in large thin strips. Trees are fast growing and
often gregarious due to natural regeneration.They grow in widely different
habitats from ridges in mountain forests to coastal swamps, lowland forests,
and even coral cays.
Timber Properties :
Sapwood varies between species from pale
yellow, yellow-brown often with pink tints, to orange. It is sometimes
distinct from the heartwood, depending on the species. Heartwood is pink
red, or red brown.Grain is interlocked, wavy or irregular, producing streaky
or ribbon figure on the radial face. Backsawn boards commonly produce a
zig-zag type figure.Air-dry density varies considerably between species. The
range is between 540 and 900 kgm-3, and 640 kgm-3, is used for reference
purposes. Untreated sapwood susceptible to lyctid borer attack.Sapwood
readily accepts preservative impregnation.The timber is difficult to season
and the use of weights, end sealing and close sticker intervals is
recommended to minimise degrade. Sapwood Pale yellowish pink not easily
distinguished from heartwood, depending on species.Heartwood Pink red to
reddish-brown.Texture Coarse, open and uneven. Grain interlocked or wavy.
Working
Characteristics:
Common Uses:
General :
Suitable for use only in continuously dry situations. Under cover, clear of
the ground and well ventilated, fully protected from the weather and other
dampness. |
|
Camagon |
Diospyros discolor |
see Ebony,East Indian |
|
Camphor Laurel |
Ocotea usambarensis |
Other common names:
Distribution:
Tree Data:
Timber Properties :
In spite of this, Camphor still fetches high
prices A very attractive wood coloured gray, pale yellow, orange and brown
that has a distinctive camphor smell.
Working
Characteristics:
Because the logs dry
from the inside out, great care has to be taken when drying them or they
will split and twist.
Common Uses:
This timber is used to make vases, bowls, tables and lidded boxes.
General
:
Originally from China, Camphor Laurel
is still burnt in some Asian countries for incense. The oil is also
extracted and used in moth balls, insect repellents and various medications.
Camphorwood chests were made to store woolen blankets as the smell kept
moths away. Camphor is now classed as a noxious weed in Australia, growing
prolifically from NSW to Far North Queensland. Birds eat, then pass the
seeds, usually while sitting on a fence. As the seeds mature into trees,
they eventually destroy the fence lines. |
|
Camphor tree |
Cinnamomum camphora |
|
|
Camwood |
Baphia nitida |
|
|
Canadian elder |
Sambucus canadensis |
|
|
Canadian hemlock |
Tsuga canadensis |
see Hemlock, Eastern |
|
Canadian red oak |
|
see Oak, Red |
|
Canadian walnut |
|
see Walnut, Black |
|
Canadian white birch |
|
see Birch, Paper |
|
Canaletto |
|
see Walnut, Black |
|
Canarium |
Canarium
schweinfurthii |
Native to Ghana, Nigeria
Pale brown / pinkish brown heartwood
looks like light mahogany
Can be woolly in planning and has
silica deposits which can blunt tools
Used in interior joinery as mahogany
substitute
Non durable
|
|
Canarium melioides |
Canarium ovatum |
|
|
Canary island date palm |
Phoenix canariensis |
|
|
Canary island pine |
Pinus canariensis |
|
|
Canary palm |
Phoenix canariensis |
|
|
Canary wood |
|
see Yellow Poplar |
|
Cancer bush |
Sutherlandia frutescens |
|
|
Cancharana |
Cabralea oblongifolia |
From Argentina |
|
Candelabra wattle |
Acacia holosericea |
|
|
Candle bush |
Cassia alata |
|
|
Candle nut |
Aleurites moluccana |
|
|
Candle-bark gum |
Eucalyptus rubida |
|
|
Candlestick shrub |
Cassia alata |
|
|
Candlewood |
Ampelopsis himalayana |
|
|
Candlewood tree |
Cupania americana |
|
|
Candolleana wattle |
Acacia drummondii |
|
|
Cane ash |
|
see Ash, White |
|
Canicha |
Sesbania bispinosa |
|
|
Canistel |
Pouteria campechiana |
|
|
Cannonball tree |
Couroupita guianensis |
|
|
Canoe birch |
|
see Birch, Paper |
|
Canoe cedar |
|
see Western Red Cedar |
|
Canoe wood |
|
see Yellow Poplar |
|
Canyon live oak |
Quercus chrysolepis |
|
|
Cao, caoba |
|
see Mahogany (So.
Amer) |
|
Cape chestnut |
Calodendrum capense |
|
|
Cape honeysuckle |
Tecomaria capensis |
|
|
Cape jasmine |
Gardenia jasminoides |
|
|
Cape mahogany |
Trichilia emetica |
|
|
Cape myrtle |
Myrsine africana |
|
|
Cape pittosporum |
Pittosporum viridiflorum |
|
|
Cape thorn |
Ziziphus mucronata |
|
|
Capirona |
Calycophyllum spruceanum |
|
|
Capulin |
|
see Cherry, Black |
|
Carabao grass |
Paspalum conjugatum |
|
|
Caracas rattlebox |
Crotalaria micans |
|
|
Caribbean Pine |
Pinus caribaea |
Other common names:
Caribaea Pine & Yellow
Pine
Distribution:
Tree Data:
Timber Properties
: Heartwood is yellow to golden brown,
with a sapwood which is distinctly paler. Caribbean Pine is good for
internal use if seasoned, and good for external use if treated. 550 kg/cu.m
Working
Characteristics:
Common Uses:
Structural, Flooring, Internal lining, External cladding, joinery Caribbean
Pine may be used for exposed framing above ground, decking, cladding, and
in-ground when preservative treated. In addition, it is used for panelling,
joinery, general construction, fencing timber and poles. This timber has
poor resistance to impact load. It does glue and nail reasonably. Sawing and
planing can foul because of the resins often present in the timber. Nailing
guns give good nailing results. Accepts paint, stain and polish well, but
care needs to be taken with high resin areas
General
: |
|
Caribbean pitch pine |
Pinus caribaea |
See Caribbean Pine |
|
Caribbean stylo |
Stylosanthes hamata |
|
|
Carnes blackbutt |
Eucalyptus carnea |
|
|
Carob bean |
Ceratonia siliqua |
Australia
light reddish brown
which may show silver grain figuring
Works well
Non durable |
|
Carolina allspice |
Calycanthus floridus |
|
|
Carolina buckthorn |
Rhamnus caroliniana |
|
|
Carolina hemlock |
Tsuga caroliniana |
|
|
Carolina holly |
Ilex ambigua |
|
|
Carolina laurel cherry |
Prunus caroliniana |
|
|
Carolina silverbell |
Halesia carolina |
|
|
Caroline poplar |
Populus deltoides |
|
|
Carpathian beech |
|
see Beech, European |
|
Carpentaria palm |
Carpentaria acuminata |
|
|
Carrot tree |
Steganotaenia araliacea |
|
|
Cashewnut |
Anacardium occidentale |
|
|
Casimoroa |
Casimiroa edulis |
|
|
Cassia |
Cassia spectabilis |
|
|
Cassia-bark tree |
Cinnamomum zeylanicum |
|
|
Castor bean |
Ricinus communis |
|
|
Castor oil plant |
Ricinus communis |
|
|
Casuarina |
Casuarina equisetifolia |
|
|
Cat claw |
Acacia greggii |
|
|
Catalpa |
(Catalpa speciosa) |
Other common names:
catalpa, western catalpa,
catawba, and cigar tree.
Distribution:
Grows in eastern to central United States and
southern Canada.
Tree Data:
Timber Properties :
Straight grained with light grey-brown
or buff-coloured heartwood and light cream-colored sapwood (most lumber
consists of heartwood). Soft, weak, and brittle with very good decay
resistance and dimensional stability.
Working
Characteristics:
Turns well. Excellent
for working with hand tools - almost on par with white pine.
Common
Uses: Mainly used for fence posts,
rails, beams, and crating. Also good for turned articles and carving due to
softness and stability. Other uses include millwork, framing, forms,
furniture, drawer sides, and general purpose construction..
General
: Exudes creosote-like odour |
|
Catalpa, Northern |
|
see Catalpa |
|
Catechu tree |
Acacia polyacantha subsp. polyacantha / Acacia catechu |
|
|
Catspaw |
Anigozanthos humilis |
|
|
Caucasian ash |
Fraxinus oxycarpa / Fraxinus oxyphylla |
|
|
Caucasian fir |
Abies nordmanniana |
|
|
Caucasian hornbeam |
Carpinus caucasica |
|
|
Caucasus linden |
Tilia caucasica |
|
|
Caviuana |
|
see Cocobolo |
|
Caviuna |
|
see Rosewood, Brazilian |
|
Cayenne pepper |
Capsicum annuum |
|
|
Cebil |
Anadenanthera collubrina |
Other common names:
Curupay, angico
Distribution:
Argentina, Paraguay, Southern Brazil
Tree
Data:
Timber Properties :
Reddish
brown heartwood with dark brown streaks, fine texture,often with interlocked
or roey grain. Very durable 860 kg cu m
Working
Characteristics:
Common Uses:
General : |
|
Cedar |
Cedrela odorata |
|
|
Cedar Alaska
yellow |
|
see Cedar, Alaska |
|
Cedar Atlantic White |
Chamaecyparis thyoides |
Other common names:
white cedar, southern
white cedar, swamp cedar, chilopsis, and false cypress.
Distribution:
Grows in eastern half of United States.
Tree
Data:
Timber Properties :
Generally
straight and even grained with a fine texture. Light brown heartwood tinged
with red or pink and nearly white sapwood. Somewhat oily with a
characteristic cedary odor. Light, soft, low stiffness, low strength, low
shock resistance, poor steam bending, good stability in service and good
decay resistance.
Working Characteristics:
Turns, carves, and generally works well with
machine or hand tools. Good screwing and nailing properties. Paints, stains,
and finishes fairly well but oily nature may present problems.
Common
Uses: Used for poles, posts, fencing,
shingles, millwork, boxes, crates, water tanks, boat building, and various
other exterior applications
General : |
|
Cedar Eastern Red |
(Juniperus virginiana) |
Other common names:
juniper, red juniper,
eastern juniper, redcedar, savin, and pencil cedar.
Distribution:
Grows in eastern half of North America.
Tree Data:
Timber Properties :
Straight and even grained with a fine uniform
texture. Creamy white sapwood and light reddish or purplish heartwood that
ages to a darker red or reddish brown. Often contains numerous knots.
Moderately heavy, hard, and strong with low stiffness, very high decay
resistance and good stability in service.
Working
Characteristics:
Works easily with hand
or machine tools and is ideal for carving or whittling. Small, hard knots
can sometimes be troublesome when planing. Glues satisfactorily. Takes a
beautiful natural finish
Common Uses:
Used previously for pencils but primary use today is fenceposts. Other uses
include chests, closet lining, novelties, buckets, shingles, boat building,
and other exterior applications
General : |
|
Cedar
Nigerian |
|
see Agba |
|
Cedar of Goa |
Cupressus lusitanica |
|
|
Cedar of
Lebanon |
|
see Cedar, True |
|
Cedar,
Tabasco |
|
see Cedar, South American |
|
Cedar wattle |
Acacia elata /
Mimosa terminalis |
|
|
Cedar,
yellow |
|
see Cedar, Alaska |
|
Cedar, Alaska |
(Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) |
Other common names:
Alaska yellow-cedar,
yellow-cedar, nootka false cypress, yellow cypress, Alaska cypress, sitka
cypress, and white cedar.
Distribution:
Grows along northern Pacific coast of N.
America. A medium sized softwood of the Pacific Coast of North America from
Southern Alaska to Oregon.
Tree Data:
Not abundant and a relatively small tree,
averaging 75-80' high and 2-3 ft. in diameter.
Timber
Properties : Generally straight grained
with a fine, even texture. Bright, clear yellow heartwood darkening upon
exposure and very narrow band of white to yellowish sapwood, barely
distinguishable from heartwood. The timber is quite light, only slightly
heavier than Western Red Cedar. Light and soft with moderate stiffness and
strength, low shock resistance, and very high decay resistance and
dimensional stability. Poor steam bending rating Growth rings are very close
together and not prominent. Density(average) 500kg/m3 green Durability Class
1
Working Characteristics:.
Works easily with hand or machine tools - turns and carves quite well.
Glues, screws and nails satisfactorily. Takes a fine finish and wears smooth
with use. The material offers a very smooth feel, is virtually splinter free
and has a strong odour The material is easy to work, accepts coatings well
and finishes beautifully. Adhesive bonds are better achieved with resin
types rather than non-resin types.
Common Uses:
Used for interior and exterior finish, furniture, cabinetry, turnery,
carving, boat building (decks, rails, paneling), marine piling, posts,
novelties, engineers' patterns, shingles, cladding, doors, and decorative
veneer. Also used for battery containers due to high acid resistance.
General
: A close relative of Port Orford
Cedar. The material being very durable with a very low shrinkage range is
used in many applications ranging from boatbuilding, decking, outdoor and
indoor joinery, vats, patternmaking and carving. |
|
Cedar,
Atlantic |
|
see Cedar, True |
|
Cedar, Atlas |
|
see Cedar, True |
|
Cedar, Australian Red |
Cedrela toona |
Other common names:
Toon (India), Thitkado
(Burma), Youhom (Thailand), Soeren (Indonesia), Epi, Kapere (Papua-New
Guinea).
Distribution:
Tree Data:
Timber
Properties : Heartwood light brick red
when first exposed, aging to a rich reddish brown; sapwood pinkish, grayish
white, or yellow brown, rather sharply defined. Texture rather coarse and
uneven; lustrous; grain generally straight to somewhat interlocked; fragrant
cedary odor, pronounced when fresh, characteristic acrid taste. Heartwood is
moderately durable but vulnerable to termite and borer attack. Preservation:
Reported to be treatable without a great deal of difficulty.
Working
Characteristics:
Working Properties:
The timber works well though there is some gumming of cutters, dresses
smoothly; easy to nail, screw, and glue.
Common
Uses: Uses: Joinery, furniture and
cabinetwork, decorative veneers, racing boats, musical instruments, and
patternmaking.
General : |
|
Cedar, barbados |
Juniperus spp |
Of local importance
as softwood used for non ornamental cabinet work
Light red or brown
wood with no distinctive figuring, mild pleasant smell |
|
Cedar,
Brazilian |
Cedrela Spp. |
see Cedar, South American |
|
Cedar, canoe |
|
see Western Red Cedar |
|
Cedar, deodar |
|
see Cedar, True |
|
Cedar, Eastern
Red |
Juniperus virginiana |
Other common names:
Tennessee Red Cedar or red
juniper and Daintree red gold.
Distribution:
Widely distributed from Nova Scotia
south to Georgia and west to North Dakota, Kansas, and eastern Texas. Tree
Data: Being a true rainforest species
that occurs in areas of high rainfall, this tree is fast growing and
produces a highly valued timber.Occasionally over 100' high and 4' in
diameter. Large trees are now rare and lumber is rarely over 10" wide.
Timber
Properties : The wood is very soft,
very easy to work and has a fragrant odor.
Working
Characteristics:
Common Uses: For
generations it has been the favored wood for lead pencils. At present other
woods have largely taken its place, but it is still popular for cedar chests
and closet lining. Much used for fence posts in the East. Red Cedar is
expensive to source and products in this species command high prices. Cedar
is used to produce "one off" platters, bowls, decorative vases, designer
coffee tables, and free form sculptures.
General
: Cedar is not only insect resistant
but also has excellent strength for weight |
|
Cedar, Eastern white |
Thuja occidentalis |
see Cedar, Northern White |
|
Cedar, giant |
|
see Western Red Cedar |
|
Cedar,
Honduras |
|
see Cedar, South American |
|
Cedar, Incense |
Calocedrus decurrens |
Other common names: Distribution:
Found
native from central Oregon south through the Sierra and mountains of
Southern California to Lower California. Tree
Data: Frequently over 150 feet high,
with a straight trunk tapering rather rapidly from a broad base. Maximum
size 8' x 200', average 3' x 100'. Not a rapid grower. Timber
Properties : Wood is light, soft,
straight-grained, and very durable in contact with the soil; light reddish
brown in color, with thin, nearly white sapwood. Working
Characteristics: Common Uses: Used
extensively for lead pencils, and locally for flumes, fencing, posts and
poles. General :
Often regarded as a low-value species because of pecky rot; it is now
becoming more valuable due to changes in market demand |
|
Cedar,
Mexican |
|
see Cedar, South American |
|
Cedar, Northern White |
Thuja occidentalis |
Other common names:
eastern white-cedar,
northern cedar, arborvitae, and white cedar. Distribution:
Grows in eastern half of Canada and
United States.
Tree Data:
Timber Properties :
Generally straight and even grained
with a fine, even texture. Uniformly straw-brown heartwood and nearly white
sapwood. Light, soft, low stiffness, low strength, low shock resistance,
poor steam bending, good stability in service and good decay resistance.
Working
Characteristics:
Works well with hand
or machine tools. Screws and nails easily but has poor holding properties.
Glues, stains, paints, and otherwise finishes satisfactorily.
Common
Uses: Used for poles, posts, fencing,
shingles, millwork, boxes, crates, water tanks, boat building, and other
exterior applications. Valued for fish net floats and imitation minnows due
to extreme lightness.
General :
Similar properties and uses as Atlantic white-cedar but slightly lighter,
less oily and more brittle. |
|
Cedar, Pacific red |
|
see Western Red Cedar |
|
Cedar, pencil |
|
see Cedar Eastern Red see Incense-Cedar |
|
Cedar,
Peruvian |
|
see Cedar, South American |
|
Cedar, Port Orford white |
|
see Cedar, Port-Orford |
|
Cedar, Port-Orford |
(Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) |
Other common names:
Port Orford white cedar,
white cedar, Oregon cedar, false cypress, and Lawson cypress.
Distribution:
Grows primarily along northern Pacific
coast of United States Range of growth restricted to a narrow belt along the
coast from Coos Bay, Oregon to Humboldt County, Calif. Also planted in Asia,
Europe, and New Zealand.
Tree Data:
A very valuable wood, and unfortunately not
very abundant. Maximum size 12'x200', average 3-5'x150'.
Timber
Properties : Straight and even grained
with a medium to coarse texture. Yellowish white to pale yellowish brown
heartwood and pale yellowish white sapwood. Light, moderately soft, stiff,
moderately strong, low shock resistance, and very good acid and decay
resistance. Quite stable in service. Poor steam bending rating.
Working
Characteristics:
Works very well by
hand or machine tools - excellent for turning and carving. A "woodworker's
dream". Glues very well. Screws and nails without difficulty. Accepts
stains, paints, and clear finishes very well.
Common
Uses: Used for mothproof boxes and
closets, chests, arrowshafts, tanks, vats, acid battery separators,
woodenware, novelties, boat building, millwork, decks, shingles, poles,
posts, match sticks, furniture, and paneling.
General : |
|
Cedar, Quaruba |
Vochysia spp |
Tree of 27 to 38 meters high. Found in the Amazon region.
Its wood is used for boxes and packings, civil and naval construction,
carpentry, etc. 515 kg low to moderate resistance |
|
Cedar, red |
|
see Cedar Eastern Red |
|
Cedar, South American |
(Cedrela spp.) |
Other common names:
Brazilian cedar, Peruvian
cedar, cedro, Honduras cedar, Mexican cedar, and Tabasco cedar.
Distribution:
Grows in Central and South America.
Tree
Data:
Timber Properties :
Straight
grained, or sometimes interlocked grain with a coarse texture and reddish
brown heartwood. Moderately heavy with low to moderate strength and
stiffness depending on species. Stable in service. Heartwood is very decay
resistant Dark red to yellow prominent grain – medium, moderately durable
600 kg m-3
Working Characteristics:
Works, glues, screw, nails and finishes well,
although gum exudation may occur.
Common Uses:
Used for fine furniture and cabinetry, chests, decks, ship building, cigar
boxes, organ sound boards, construction, plwyood, and decorative veneers.
General
: Not a true cedar. |
|
Cedar,
southern white |
|
see Cedar Atlantic White |
|
Cedar, Spanish |
Cedrela odorata |
Other common names:
Cigar Box Wood because of
its extensive use for cigar boxes; the odor of the wood is supposed to
improve the cigars. Distribution:
Found in the tropical forests of
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. Tree
Data: The tree attains great size, 25
to 35 meters high Timber Properties :
Light, similar to mahogany Closely resembles
mahogany and is therefore often sold and used as such, but it is softer and
has a pungent odor, and contains an oil which works through the finish. Working
Characteristics: Common Uses: The wood
is durable, soft, and holds its shape and is therefore prized for patterns
and counter tops. General : |
|
Cedar,
swamp |
|
see Cedar Atlantic White |
|
Cedar, True |
(Cedrus spp.) |
Other common names:
cedar of Lebanon, Atlantic
cedar, Atlas cedar, and deodar cedar.
Distribution:
Grows in northern Africa, middle East,
and India.
Tree Data:
Timber Properties :
Generally straight grained although Atlantic
and Lebanon cedars often knotty. Fine textured. Light brown resinous
heartwood and pale colored sapwood. Medium weight, low shock resistance and
stiffness, and generally low strength properties. Stable in service. Decay
resistant heartwood.
Working Characteristics:
Works fairly well with hand or machine
tools although knots and in-grown bark can be troublesome. Holds screws and
nails well and polishes to a nice finish
Common
Uses: Higher grades used for furniture,
cabinetry, doors, and interior joinery. Lesser grades used for house and
bridge construction, paving blocks, and outdoor furniture. Other uses
include paneling and decorative veneers.
General
: |
|
Cedar, Western Red |
|
see Western Red Cedar |
|
Cedar,
white |
|
see Cedar Atlantic White see Cedar, Port-Orford see Cedar, Northern White |
|
Cedar,Oregon |
|
see Cedar, Port-Orford |
|
Cedro |
|
see Cedar, South American |
|
CEDRORANA |
Cedrelinga catenaeformis |
Tree of 25 to 35 meters high. Found in almost all the
country, except in the Open pasture. Its wood is used for interior and
exterior finishing, carpentry, boxes and crates, 520 kg moderately durable |
|
Ceiba |
Ceoba pentandra |
Silk Cotton tree,
Honduras cottonwood
Africa and Tropical America
Almost
colourless greyish wood with occasionally yellow streaks
Prone to
staining
non durable
works well
|
|
Celtis |
Celtis soyauxii |
White to pale
yellow timber - planed surfaces have good sheen
Used for furniture,
flooring joinery and veneers
moderately
durable |
|
Cempedak |
Artocarpus integer |
|
|
Centro |
Centrosema pubescens |
|
|
Ceylon ironwood |
Mesua ferrea |
|
|
Ceylon Satinwood |
|
see Satinwood, Ceylon |
|
Chanfuta |
|
see Afzelia |
|
Chebulic myrobalan |
Terminalia chebula |
|
|
Cheesewood |
Alstonia boonei |
|
|
Chengal |
Neobalanocarpus heimii |
Sapwood is well-defined. When freshly sawn the heartwood is
light yellow-brown with a distinct greenish tinge, darkening on exposure to
dark Purple- brown or rust red. Grain is interlocked. Texture is fine and
even. Suitable for marine construction, heavy construction, bridges, boat
construction, heavy-duty flooring, lorry and truck bodywork and carving
work. |
|
Cherimola |
Annona cherimola |
|
|
cherry |
Prunus serotina |
see Cherry, Black |
|
Cherry (Flame) |
|
|
|
Cherry birch |
Betula lenta |
|
|
Cherry guava |
Psidium cattleianum |
|
|
Cherry laurel |
Prunus laurocerasus |
|
|
Cherry, American |
Prunus serotina |
See Cherry, Black |
|
Cherry, Australian |
Nothafagus cunninghamii |
710 kg m-3 |
|
Cherry, Black |
(Prunus serotina) |
Other common names:
wild cherry, wild black
cherry, rum cherry, Cabinet cherry, capulin, and New England mahogany.
Distribution:
Grows in Canada, United States, and Central
America. Black cherry is an important member of the mixed hardwood forest of
the eastern states. Its natural range extends from Maine to Minnesota and
south into Georgia and Alabama along the Allegheny Mountains.
The resource is adequate to maintain ready availability of both timber and
veneers to domestic and international markets.
Tree
Data: Maximum diameter 4-5 feet; height,
100 feet.
Timber Properties :
The wood is very highly prized for cabinet
work, interior trim, and furniture. It is fairly dense, strong, easy to
work, has a pleasing pink color and keeps its shape remarkably well.
Timber shows occasional thin dark gum streak,
and clusters of very small pin knots. Both of these "defects" are natural
features of the species, and greatly enhance the appearance of the timber. Generally
straight grained with a fairly uniform texture and a rich luster. Light to
dark reddish brown heartwood and narrow, nearly white sapwood. Moderately
hard and heavy, strong, stiff, and quite stable in service. Heartwood has
good decay resistance. Steam-bends very well. 580 - 625 kg m-3
Durablity Heartwood Moderately Durable Sapwood Non durable Very prone to
shrinkage and distortion
Working Characteristics:
Machines well with both hand and machine
tools. Turns quite satisfactorily. Holds screws and nails well, glues and
stains easily, and polishes to an excellent finish that naturally darkens
with age.
Common Uses:
Cabinetry, interior furniture, paneling, architectural woodwork, caskets,
woodenware, toys, novelties, gun stocks, and tool handles.
General
: One of the most highly prized and
beautiful cabinet woods in North America. |
|
Cherry, Brazilian |
Hymenaea, courbaril |
see Jatoba |
|
Cherry,
Cabinet |
|
see Cherry, Black |
|
Cherry, European |
(Prunus avium) |
Other common names:
cherry, wild cherry, gean,
mazzard, merisier, and kers.
Distribution:
Distributed throughout Europe and southeast
Asia.
Tree Data:
Timber Properties :
Generally straight grained with a fairly
uniform texture and a rich luster. Light to dark reddish brown heartwood and
narrow, nearly white sapwood. Often exhibits greater color contrast than
American black cherry. Moderately hard and heavy, strong, stiff, and
moderately stable in service. Heartwood has moderate decay resistance.
Steam-bends very well. 600 kg/m3
Working
Characteristics:
Machines well with
both hand and machine tools. Turns quite satisfactorily. Holds screws and
nails well, glues and stains easily, and polishes to an excellent finish
that naturally darkens with age.
Common Uses:
Highly prized for cabinets, furniture, carving, and turnery. Also used for
paneling, decorative veneer, architectural woodwork, caskets, woodenware,
novelties, musical instruments, gun stocks, handles, and toys
General
: Cherry wood is one of the varieties
said to be "Noble".Indeed, its rarety and exceptional grain make this wild
cherry an outstanding variety for cabinet-making. |
|
Cherry, Mayan/Aztec |
Lonchocarpus, castilloi |
Other common names:
caribbean cherry
Distribution:
Tree Data:
Timber Properties :
Mayan/Aztec Cherry is an open pored, reddish hardwood with feathered
graining, which is very dense. Mayan/Aztec Cherry is a species with a wide
range of colors that vary from yellow/tan colors to medium brown reds to
deep dark reds. Mayan/Aztec undergoes a medium degree of color change, with
some muting of the color variation and with the darkening of the lighter
pieces to more uniform reddish brown color.
Working
Characteristics:
Common Uses: General :
|
|
Cherry, rum |
|
see Cherry, Black |
|
Cherry,
wild |
|
see Cherry, Black |
|
Chestnut |
|
see Chestnut, American |
|
Chestnut dioon |
Dioon edule |
|
|
Chestnut oak |
Quercus prinus |
|
|
Chestnut, American |
(Castanea dentata) |
Other common names:
chestnut, chinkapin, and
sweet chestnut.
Distribution:
Grows in eastern half of United States. The
natural range of chestnut extended from Maine west to eastern Michigan and
south to northern Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi.
Tree
Data: Maximum size was 12' x 100' but
averaged 3-4' x 80'.
Timber Properties :
Straight grained and coarse-textured with low
to medium luster. Narrow, light-colored sapwood and reddish brown heartwood
that darkens with age. Light and soft (dents easily) with modest strength
and shock resistance. Excellent decay resistance. Poor steam bending rating.
Working
Characteristics:
Machines very well but
splits easily - pre-drilling recommended for screws and nails. Turns
reasonably well. Glues and finishes satisfactorily.
Common
Uses: In scarce supply today, but
formerly used for furniture caskets, musical instruments, boxes, woodenware,
interior trim, shingles, piling, fenceposts, railroad ties.
General
: A timber tree which was of great
importance, both because of its rapid growth and the value of its wood.
Unfortunately an exceptionally virulent blight attacked it and eliminated it
as a forest tree. The wood is light, soft, not very strong, easily worked
and durable. Used for furniture, veneer cores, ties, poles, posts and
interior finish. Since the wood has a high tannin content, it was much used
for producing tannic acid. |
|
Chestnut, Brazilian |
Dipteryx, odorata |
Other common names:
Brazilian teak, cumaru
Distribution:
Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Costa Rica found
in the Amazon region, of the Acre to the Maranhão.
Tree
Data: Tree of 20 to 30 meters high
Timber
Properties : Brazilian Chestnut is a
dense hard wood with a range of colours varying from a tan brown to a
reddish brown with some pieces offering a black striping. Brazilian Chestnut
is usually colour sorted into medium and dark range selections in which the
tan brownish tones are offered in the regular (or medium) selection while
the dark reddish browns are offered in the dark selection. Brazilian
Chestnut’s colour range will slightly mute over time into a more uniform
colour in the range offered. 1070 kg very durable,
Working
Characteristics:
Common Uses: Its wood
is used for heavy construction, heavy carpentry, handles of tools, naval
construction, bridges, props, etc.
General : |
|
Chestnut, European |
(Castanea sativa) |
Other common names:
sweet chestnut and Spanish
chestnut.
Distribution:
Grows in southwest Europe, North Africa, and
western Asia.
Tree Data:
Timber Properties :
Straight or sometimes spiral grained
with coarse texture, yellowish brown heartwood and narrow, pale-colored
sapwood. Medium weight with low bending and crushing strength, very low
stiffness and shock resistance, moderate decay resistance and poor stability
in use.
Working Characteristics:
Works fairly easily with hand or machine tools
and has good screw and nail holding properties. Glues well and stains and
polishes to an excellent finish.
Common Uses:
Used for casks, coffins, poles, turned walking sticks, stakes, umbrella
handles, furniture, kitchen utensils, bowls, and veneer.
General
: Natural acidity tends to cause
blue-black stains when in contact with iron. |
|
Chestnut, Horse |
|
see Horse Chestnut |
|
chestnut, Moreton Bay |
|
see Blackbean |
|
Chestnut, Southern, Chestnut, Royal |
Sweetia, panamensis |
Other common names:
Distribution: Mexico,
Guatemala, Belize
Tree Data:
Timber Properties :
Southern Chestnut / Royal Chestnut is a
beautiful golden/tan brown specie which is similar in colour to Teak, but
without the striping and is similar in colour and graining to Afrormosia.
Southern Chestnut / Royal Chestnut is relatively uniform in colour, which
ranges from a tannish brown with golden highlights to a medium tan/chestnut
brown. Southern Chestnut / Royal Chestnut quickly changes in colour from a
golden tan colour when freshly milled to a medium chestnut brown colour. At
the same time the colour range present when freshly milled mutes down in a
more uniform medium chestnut brown colour range.
Working
Characteristics:
Common Uses:
General :
|
|
Chestnut, Spanish |
|
see Chestnut, European |
|
Chestnut, sweet |
|
see Chestnut, American see Chestnut, European |
|
Chew stick |
Symphonia globulifera |
|
|
Chickrassy |
Chukrasia tabularis |
Yimma,
Chittagong Wood
India
Golden mahogany
reddish brown timber
Ornamental cabinet
wood
moderately durable
Works well and
peels well for veneers
|
|
Chicle tree |
Manilkara zapota |
|
|
Chilean hazel |
Gevuina avellana |
|
|
Chilean nut |
Gevuina avellana |
|
|
Chilean pepper tree |
Schinus molle |
|
|
Chilean wildnut |
Gevuina avellana |
|
|
Chilean wine palm |
Jubaea chilensis |
|
|
Chilgoza pine |
Pinus gerardiana |
|
|
Chili |
Capsicum annuum |
|
|
Chilopsis |
|
see Cedar Atlantic White |
|
China tree |
Melia azedarach |
|
|
China-box |
Murraya exotica |
|
|
Chinese Angelica tree |
Aralia stipulata |
|
|
Chinese arborvitae |
Platycladus orientalis |
|
|
Chinese ash |
Fraxinus chinensis |
|
|
Chinese beech |
Fagus engleriana |
|
|
Chinese boxwood |
Buxus sinica |
|
|
Chinese bush clover |
Lespedeza bicolor |
|
|
Chinese castor oil |
Jatropha curcas |
|
|
Chinese chestnut |
Castanea mollissima |
|
|
Chinese cork oak |
Quercus variabilis |
|
|
Chinese date |
Ziziphus jujuba |
|
|
Chinese date |
Ziziphus mauritiana |
|
|
Chinese fan palm |
Livistona chinensis |
|
|
Chinese fig |
Diospyros kaki |
|
|
Chinese filbert |
Corylus chinensis |
|
|
Chinese fir |
Cunninghamia lanceolata |
|
|
Chinese fringe tree |
Chionanthus retusa |
|
|
Chinese hackberry |
Celtis sinensis |
|
|
Chinese hawthorn |
Photinia serrulata |
|
|
Chinese hibiscus |
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis |
|
|
Chinese hictory |
Carya cathayensis |
|
|
Chinese holly |
Ilex cornuta |
|
|
Chinese Judas tree |
Cercis chinensis |
|
|
Chinese juniper |
Juniperus chinensis |
|
|
Chinese kousa dogwood |
Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis |
|
|
Chinese linden |
Tilia chinensis |
|
|
Chinese mountain ash |
Sorbus pohuashanensis |
|
|
Chinese nutmeg yew |
Torreya grandis |
|
|
Chinese pistachio |
Pistacia chinensis |
|
|
Chinese plum |
Diospyros kaki |
|
|
Chinese red pine |
Pinus tabulaeformis |
|
|
Chinese soapberry |
Sapindus mukorossi |
|
|
Chinese spruce |
Picea asperata |
|
|
Chinese tallow tree |
Sapium sebiferum |
|
|
Chinese thuja |
Platycladus orientalis |
|
|
Chinese toon |
Cedrela sinensis |
|
|
Chinese tree |
Tamarix chinensis |
|
|
Chinese tulip tree |
Liriodendron chinense |
|
|
Chinese tupelo |
Nyssa sinensis |
|
|
Chinese walnut |
Juniperus excelsa |
|
|
Chinese walnut |
Juglans cathayensis |
|
|
Chinese weeping cypress |
Cupressus funebris |
|
|
Chinese wingnut |
Pterocarya stenoptera |
|
|
Chinese witch hazel |
Hamamelis mollis |
|
|
Chinese yellow-wood |
Cladrastis sinensis |
|
|
Chinese zelkova |
Zelkova schneideriana |
|
|
Chinkapin |
|
see Chestnut, American |
|
Chir pine |
Pinus roxburghii |
|
|
Chirst thorn |
Zizyphus spina-christi |
|
|
Chittagong wood |
Chukrasia tabularis |
|
|
Chochin China coral |
Erythrina indica |
|
|
Chocolate hawthorn |
Crataegus cerronis |
|
|
Chokecherry |
Prunus virginiana |
|
|
Christ’s thorn |
Carissa congesta |
|
|
Christmas bells |
Blandfordia grandiflora |
|
|
Christmas berry |
Schinus terebinthifolius |
|
|
Christmas berry |
Heteromeles arbutifolia |
|
|
Christmas bush |
Ceratopetalum gummiferum |
|
|
Christmas holly |
|
see Holly, American |
|
Cider gum |
Eucalyptus stuartiana |
|
|
Cigar tree |
|
see Catalpa |
|
Cigarbox cedar |
Cedrela odorata |
|
|
Cilician fir |
Abies cilicica |
|
|
Cinnamon tree |
Cinnamomum verum |
|
|
Cinnamon
wood |
|
Sassafras |
|
Circassian seed |
Adenanthera pavonina |
|
|
Citron |
Citrus medica |
|
|
Clanwilliam cedar |
Widdringtonia cedarbergensis |
|
|
Cliff date palm |
Phoenix rupicola |
|
|
Close-bark
willow |
|
see Willow |
|
Clove tree |
Syzygium aromaticum |
|
|
Cluster pine |
Pinus pinaster |
|
|
Coachwood |
(Ceratopetalum apetalem) |
Other common names:
scented satinwood.
Distribution:
Grows in Australia.
Tree
Data:
Timber Properties :
Straight
grained with a fine, even texture. Light to pinkish brown heartwood, not
well defined from sapwood. Characteristic pleasant scent like caramel or
freshly cut hay. Rates moderate in weight, stiffness, shock resistance,
stability in use and bending strength. High crushing strength and low decay
resistance. Sleam-bends well.
Working
Characteristics:
Works easily to a
smooth, silky finish with hand or power tools. Turns and carves well.
Requires pre-drilling for screws or nails. Glues easily and takes stain and
finishes well.
Common Uses:
Mainly used for interior purposes - furniture, cabinetry, joinery, turnery
such as brushes, handles, dowels, and bobbins. Other uses include bent work
such as sporting goods and boat parts, plywood, paneling, and decorative
veneers.
General :
Particularly valued for rifle stocks. |
|
Coachwood |
Ceratopetalum apetalum |
|
|
Coast beefwood |
Casuarina cunninghamiana |
|
|
Coast
Douglas-fir |
|
see Douglas Fir |
|
Coast erythrina |
Erythrina caffra |
|
|
Coast erythrina |
Erythrina caffra |
|
|
Coast grey box |
Eucalyptus bosistoana |
|
|
Coast leucothoe |
Leucothoe axillaris |
|
|
Coast live oak |
Quercus agrifolia |
|
|
Coast madrone |
|
see Madrone,
Pacific |
|
Coast
redwood |
|
see Redwood |
|
Coast redwood |
Sequoia sempervirens |
|
|
Coast saltbush |
Atriplex isatidea |
|
|
Coast
spruce |
|
see Sitka Spruce |
|
Coast strain |
Abies grandis |
|
|
Coast wattle |
Acacia auriculiformis |
|
|
Coastal banksia |
Banksia integrifolia |
|
|
Coastal blackbutt |
Eucalyptus todtiana |
|
|
Coastal grey box |
Eucalyptus moluccana |
|
|
Coastal moort |
Eucalyptus platypus |
|
|
Coastal myrall |
Acacia glaucescens |
|
|
Coastal tea tree |
Leptospermum laevigatum |
|
|
Coastal wattle |
Acacia cyclops |
|
|
Coastal wattle |
Acacia longifolia |
|
|
cobano |
|
see Mahogany (So.
Amer) |
|
Cockies tongue |
Templetonia retusa |
|
|
Cockroach bush |
Cassia notabilis |
|
|
Cockscomb |
Erythrina crista-galli |
|
|
Cockspur hawthorn |
Crataegus crus-galli |
|
|
Cocks-spur coral tree |
Erythrina crista-galli |
|
|
Cocobolo |
(Dalbergia retusa) |
Other common names:
granadillo, Nicaragua rosewood, nambar, palisandro, and caviuana.
Distribution: Grows along Pacific
seaboard of Mexico and Central America. Tree Data: Cocobolo is a
mid-sized, sub-canopy tree, reaching 45 to 60 feet in height in the natural
rainforest, with trunk diameters up to 1-1/2 to 2 feet, usually of irregular
form. The poorly formed stems yield the most uniquely figured and
highly-prized wood. Cocobolo is leguminous, or nitrogen-fixing.
Timber Properties : One of the true
tropical rosewoods, Cocobolo is a very beautiful wood, ranging from a
beautiful rich dark brick red, to reddish or dark brown, with a figuring of
darker irregular traces weaving through the wood. It is fine textured and
oily in look and feel. The wood has excellent working characteristics and
the natural oils give the wood a natural luster. Cocobolo is highly durable
and strong, but, because of its scarcity and high value, it is used for its
rare beauty rather than its strength or durability. Fairly straight to
interwoven grain with medium to fine texture and low luster. Variable-hued
heartwood, maturing to a deep orange-red with darker stripes and mottling.
Narrow, whitish sapwood. Very hard and heavy with high strength, stiffness,
shock resistance, decay resistance, and stability in use (heartwood).
Working Characteristics: Works easily
enough with moderate blunting effect. Fine dust created during machining can
be an irritant to some people. Can be rubbed to a smooth, waxy finish
without application of finishing materials. Difficult to glue due to natural
oiliness. Turns very well.
Common Uses: Only small amounts of
this prized wood reach the world market, and usually in pieces of small
dimension. Cocobolo is highly favored for fine furniture and cabinetry, fine
inlay work, brush backs, knife handles, musical instruments, decorative and
figured veneers, bowls, jewelry boxes, and other expensive specialty items.
General : Because of its great beauty
and high value, Cocobolo has been heavily exploited and is now in danger of
extinction outside of national parks and preserves. It is listed as
threatened in "Arboles Maderables en Peligro de Extinción en Costa Rica."
As a fancy wood Cocobolo has been exported from Mexico and Central America
many years. It comes in the form of logs roughly cleared of their sapwood.
The wood is hard, heavy, and highly figured. Used principally for handles of
knives, carpenter's tools, brush backs, small turnery. Several other species
of Dalbergia also produce wood sold as Cocobolo. Considered one of the most
important woods in cutlery business for knife handles (can be soaked in
soapy water with minimal ill effects). Also used for tool handles, brush
backs, bowling balls, chess pieces, carving, jewelry boxes, canes, utensils,
buttons, musical and scientific instruments, and decorative veneer and
inlay. |
|
Coconut palm |
Cocos nucifera |
|
|
Cocuswood |
Brya ebenus |
Jamaca Ebony, West
Indian Ebony
Tropical American hardwood
Blackish timber,
heavy with a fine uniform texture
durable but
brittle
used for turnery
and parquet
|
|
Codarrio |
Codariocalyx gyroides |
|
|
Coffeberry |
Rhamnus californica |
|
|
Coffee |
Coffea arabica |
|
|
Coffee bean strychnos |
Strychnos henningsii |
|
|
Coffee hard pear |
Strychnos henningsii |
|
|
Coffee senna |
Cassia occidentalis |
|
|
Cogongrass |
Imperata cylindrica |
|
|
Coigue |
(NOTHOFAGUS DOMBEYI) |
South America - Chile This widely available tree with
interesting characteristics, known as the "Chilean Cherry", is the
challenger to our rich Prunus Avium . Pale brown to brown. Grey-green
veining fairly common. Straight grain, rarely figured. Close in appearance
to European cherry. Decorative panels. Railway sleepers. 850 kg / CBM |
|
Cola nut tree |
Cola acuminata |
|
|
Colonial pine |
Araucaria cunninghamii |
|
|
Colorado blue spruce |
Picea pungens |
|
|
Combogala |
|
see Gaboon |
|
Common alder |
Alnus glutinosa |
|
|
Common apricot |
Prunus armeniaca |
|
|
Common bladder senna |
Colutea arburescens |
|
|
Common boxwood |
Buxus sempervirens |
|
|