In an update to a report originally published in 2004, JISC (2009) outlines four levels in which design is used in educational practice: designing courses, designing lessons, designing activities, and designing learning objects. Though JISC notes that all four levels "are interdependent of each other, since decisions taken at the decision stage at one level place demands on [...] what occurs at another level", EDDE 221 will target only the last two of these design processes, designing activities and (in particular) designing learning objects.