Casimir Recent experiments at Harvard suggested the Casimir force can be changed from attractive to repulsive by immersing the gold sphere and silicon plate in bromobenzene. See Nature The difficulty with this suggestion is that the Casimir force does not exist to be even be allowed to change to a repulsive force. Casimir never conserved the EM radiation in the gap between the plates which then requires the EM energy to remain constant as the gap changes, and therefore the Casimir force given by the gradient of the EM energy vanishes. The forces being measured in Casimir experiments are electrostatic caused by VUV radiation from QED induced EM radiation. In effect, the thermal BB radiaiton is frequency up-converted to VUV levels as the gap decreases below 0.1 microns. At VUV levels, the plates are charged by the photoelectirc effect. Press Release Since bromobenzene is an electron scavenger, the Harvard researchers should look for electrons or signatures thereof in the bromobenzene that would prove the Casimir force is not a neutral force but rather electrostatic.
Casimir Update Casimir assumed the electromagnetic (EM) radiation in the gap between plates was the zero point energy (ZPE). Irrespective of whether the ZPE exists, Casimir did not conserve ZPE in the gap as required by EM confinement. Conservation requires constancy of ZPE as the gap increases or decreases, and therefore the gradient of the ZPE with respect to the gap vanishes and the Casimir force does not exist. In contrast, the existence of blackbody (BB) radiation given by the thermal kT energy of surface atoms is without question. Under EM confinement, conservation proceeds by the quantum electrodynamics (QED) up-conversion of low-frequency thermal kT energy of surface atoms in Casimir’s plates to the EM confinement frequency of the gap, typically at frequencies beyond the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV). In radiationless recombination, the excitons produce an attractive force if the positive hole of an exciton is created in one plate and an electron in the other. But excitons cannot span typical gaps between Casimir’s plates, and therefore recombination proceeds by the emission of QED photons. In a vacuum, the QED photons by the photoelectric effect charge the plates equally and a net attractive force between the plates is not produced. However, the QED photons produce EM energy density in the gap that unlike EM energy is not constant, but increases as the gap decreases. Hence, the attractive force measured in Casimir experiments is the BB force produced as the gradient of the EM energy density in the gap induced by the QED photon interacts with the polarity of surface atoms in the plates. Immersing the plates in the electron scavenger bromobenzene produces a repulsive BB force because unlike the vacuum the electrons removed from the plates by the QED photons are scavenged by bromobenzene leaving both plates with net positive charge. Press Release
Blackbody Radiation Force The van der Waals (vdW) force known for a long time to describe the iinteraction between atoms and extensions thereof to Casimir-Polder (CP) on an atom from a surface are derived from the zero point fluctuations (ZPF) of quantum mechanics. However, the ZPF remains controversial while thermal blackbody (BB) radiation is unequivocal. Analysis is presented that shows the BB radiation force to supersede the CP forces. More study is required to determine if the vdW force may be superseended by the BB force. Press Release
X-rays from Scotch Tape X-rays are shown produced from NPs that form as the adhesive is peeled from the polyethylene (PE). With the gap between adhesive and PE evacuated, the NPs produce VUV radiation by QED induced EM radiation from 100 nm or smaller NPs. By the photoelectric effect, the VUV irradiates the adhesive to produce positive charge while removing electrons that move to the PE. Each NP produces about 5 fC of charge. Electrostatic charge accumulates with the number of NPs that form to produce a high voltage across the gap. Upon breakdown, electrons are accelerated fropm the PE to high velocites and upon collision by bremstraahlung produce x-rays.Presentation and Press Release
Tribochemistry is shown to find origin in the NPs that form in the rubbing or scratching of surfaces. Atoms in surfaces are not under EM confinement and have full thermal kT energy. But NPs, the atoms are under EM confinement at VUV frequencies that by quantum mechanics (QM) are restricted to vanishing kT energy. Therefore, as NPs form the atoms have kT energy in excess of that allowed by QM. But the specific heat also vanishes, so the excess kT energy cannot be conserved by an increase in temperature. Since the lowest frequency of EM radiation allowed in the NP is at its EM confinement frequency, and since the NPs have EM confinement in the VUV, the low frequency excess kT energy is frequency up converted to the VUV by QED. Tribochemistry is therefore nothing more than photochemistry driven by QED induced EM radiation. Presentation
Thin Films Currently, experimental data on the thermal response of thin films to Joule heating is interpreted by reduced thermal conducivity. The Fourier theory is claimed not applicable, and instead the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to derive the thermal response. However, the reduction in conductivity is only apparent. Press Release Indeed, QED induced EM radiation predicts the film to emit EM radiation, thereby allowing the experimental data to be explained by conductive heat flow based on Fourrier theory using bulk thermal conductivity. Presentation
Blocking Publications Paper entitled "A Unified Theory of Electrification in Natural Processes" was refused publication because it was unsuitable for IEEE Transactions on Dielectric and and Electrical Insulation. See Paper
Reviewers were Prominent Scientists:
M. Zahn (MIT) and J. K. Nelson (RPI), USA
G. Touchard and H. Romat (Poitiers), France, and
J.S. Chang (McMasters), Canada.
The reason given for rejection:
"This paper is not acceptable for publication in its present form. This paper is a list of unconnected assertions without proof that the accepted theory of the electrical double layer has nothing to do with describing flow electrificaiton processes. To prove this the author uses a bunch of unrelated facts applied to nanoparticles from quantum electrodynamics, electromagnetic thermal energy, vacuum ultraviolet quantum mechanics, etc. Of the 23 references, 10 are by the author who refers to the reader to his own prior work for prood of his asertions. For this paper to be made acceptable for publication detailed rigoorous analysis is required showing where electrical double layer theory is incorrect and to provide convincing evidence of why the author's analysis is correct."
In rebuttal, the Author claims the refusal of publication is only self-serving to those Prominent Scientists having spent most of their careers in misdirecting their students and others in the area of Flow Electrification. See Press Release. In support of Author’s allegation that the electrical double layer (EDL) has nothing to with do Flow Electrification all said Prominent Scientists need to do is produce the detailed rigorous analysis showing the EDL to be correct. For over 20 years, the glaring lack of such evidence is convincing proof the Author's allegations are correct that the Prominent Scientists misdirected their students and others by promoting the EDL as the source of flow electrification.
NP induced DNA damage — DNA damage induced by NPs is now considered to mimic that by conventional ionizing radiation, and therefore it is reasonable to hypothesize the NPs somehow produce EM radiations, at least beyond the UV. In fact, ionizing radiation from NPs at UV levels is consistent with the theory of QED induced EM radiation. By this theory, the NPs absorb low frequency thermal kT energy in collisions with surrounding solution molecules only to be induced by QED to be frequency up-converted to the EM frequency of the NP, usually beyond the UV. The EM confinement of the NPs is quasi-bound allowing the UV to leak into the surroundings. In cancer treatment, the UV induces necrosis, but there is a darkside. NPs have also been found to damage DNA and thereby increase the risk to forming cancers. DNA damage is usually thought to be caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that in the NP oxidative stress paradigm correlates DNA damage with the large surface area of NPs < 100 nm. But this paradigm has recently been held in question by the greater DNA damage found with larger 300 - 1500 nm NPs. But QED also induces the larger NPs to emit near infrared (NIR) radiation. Although NIR is not ionizing radiation, the UV from the <100 nm NPs is shown to be enhanced upon absorption of the NIR from nearby large NPs. Cancer treatment by NPs therefore requires tuning the EM confinement frequency of the NPs to the absorption spectrum of the cancer while carefully avoiding that of the DNA. If not, the peripheral DNA damage in cancer treatment induced from NPs <100 nm only increases the risk of spreading the cancer. Given the ease by which NPs produce UV allows the conjecture to be made that ALL cancers are most likely caused either by natural or man-made NPs. Government regulations of man-made NPs in commercial products is urged. Press Release
Dark Energy and Cosmic Dust In 1929, Hubble formulated the law that the redshift of spectral lines in galaxy light by Doppler’s effect suggested the expansion of the Universe. Today, astronomers contend Universe expansion is caused by dark energy.Indeed, the purpose of the Invisible Universe Conference is review dark energy as the basis for a new paradigm in cosmology. However, dark energy is moot if Hubble’s redshift is not caused by Universe expansion, but rather by cosmic dust particles (DPs). Given that supernova light is unequivocally absorbed by cosmic dust on its way to the Earth, the measured Hubble redshift Z is caused by DPs and has nothing to do with an expanding Universe. Hence, any implied relation of dark energy to an expanding Universe is not justified. Press Release Cosmic dust also holds in question the Hubble redshift as the first and only proof that the Universe began with the Big Bang suggesting the new cosmological paradigm adopted at the Invisible Universe Conference should be a return to Einstein’s notion of a static Universe in dynamic equilibrium. Presentation
Reddening and Redshift The effects of intergalactic dust on redshift measurements is important in proof of the expanding Univers. Recently, Universe Today reported intergalactic dust has "messed up" redshift calculations. Indeed, Comments to this article show Supernova light to be redshift in DPs and negate any expansion of the Universe implied by the Doppler effect in Hubble's law.
